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1.
闽北不同类型毛竹林生态系统植被状况对地表径流的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以中亚热带杉木纯林（Ⅰ）和常绿阔叶林（Ⅴ）为对照，运用灰色关联法对闽北地区竹杉混交林（Ⅱ）、毛竹纯林（Ⅲ）、竹阔混交林（Ⅳ）3种不同类型毛竹林的生态系统植被状况影响地表径流系数进行了定量分析。结果表明，植被状况参数对地表径流系数影响的大小顺序是：草本层盖度＞凋落物层有效持水量＞物种丰富度＞林分高度＞凋落物总储量＞土壤稳渗速率＞灌木层盖度＞乔木层郁闭度＞土壤层有效持水量=土壤孔隙度；5种林分的植被状况对地表径流系数的影响以常绿阔叶林最大，竹杉混交林对地表径流的影响最小，灰关联度排序为：常绿阔叶林（0.763）＞杉木纯林（0.756）＞竹阔混交林（0.697）＞毛竹纯林（0.621）＞竹杉混交林（0.529）。 相似文献
2.
运用野外实地测量和室内浸提法对4种套种雷公藤人工林凋落物持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究。结果表明：4种林分的凋落物最大持水量大小为杉木林(11.66 t/hm2)＞马尾松林(6.81 t/hm2)＞厚朴林(5.90 t/hm2)＞纯林 (4.28 t/hm2);在不同浸泡时间段,林分的凋落物持水率大小为厚朴林＞纯林＞马尾松林＞杉木林;凋落物最大持水率为厚朴林(205.12%)＞纯林(163.33%)＞马尾松林(139.33%)＞杉木林(120.96%);4种不同种植模式雷公藤林分的凋落物吸水速率大小为厚朴林＞纯林＞马尾松＞杉木,浸泡0.5 h后的吸水速率分别为2 630.05、2 407.32、2 035.09和1 592.14 g/kg/h。凋落物持水量与浸泡时间、凋落物持水率与浸泡时间呈现极显著的(P＜0.01)对数递增函数关系,凋落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈现出极显著的(P＜0.01)递减幂数函数关系。 相似文献
3.
不同品种桉树人工林生长特征及持水性能研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以广西10年生的4种桉树人工林为研究对象,对比分析了不同林分的生长特征、林下凋落物和土壤持水特征的变化规律。结果表明:在林分生长特征方面,4种桉树林分平均胸径在13.9~15.5 cm之间变化,柳桉最小,大花序桉最大;树高和冠幅均达到极显著差异(p0.01),粗皮桉最小,大花序桉最大。在凋落物贮量及持水特征上,林下总的凋落物贮量范围是18.7~20.1 t/hm2,排序为:大花序桉(20.1 t/hm2)邓恩桉(19.6 t/hm2)粗皮桉(19.1 t/hm2)柳桉(18.7 t/hm2);最大持水量在25.9~40.7 t/hm2之间变化,排序为:邓恩桉(40.7 t/hm2)大花序桉(32.9 t/hm2)柳桉(27.2 t/hm2)粗皮桉(25.9 t/hm2)。在土壤持水特性方面,4种桉树人工林地的土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量均为粗皮桉林地最小,柳桉林地最大。 相似文献
4.
C.O.Othieno 《茶叶科学技术》1981,(1)
用5种不同的地面复盖物(黑色塑料块、薄石块和3种草)与未加地面复盖物的对照作比较,土壤持水量和无性系茶苗植株持水状况受到了不同影响。在长期干早期间,使用紫狼尾草和黑色塑料块作地面复盖,土壤持水量最高。在90Cm深土层内,在任何一种地面复盖物下的土壤含水量都比未复盖的高。在一个罕见的长期千旱之后雨季开始时,土壤张力计测得的数据指出,在草复盖下土壤的渗透性最快。连续用草复盖4年之后,对于土壤的持水能力效果最显著,但是减少了浅土层的根系,因而使得这种复盖区的茶树更容易受到干旱的危害。 相似文献
5.
播前贮墒量对黑龙港平原旱作冬小麦产量及水分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确黑龙港平原正在推广应用的冬小麦贮墒旱作栽培的播前土壤适宜墒情,研究了不同贮墒水平对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验于2014-2015和2015-2016年在河北吴桥进行,通过播前补灌设置5个贮墒水平,即2 m土体含水量分别为田间持水量的75%(W1)、80%(W2)、85%(W3)、90%(W4)、100%(W5)。结果表明,随贮墒量的增加,小麦全生育期耗水量显著增大,以W5处理的耗水量最大;提高贮墒量可促进小麦增产,但在贮墒量达到一定程度后产量变化不再明显,两年平均产量以W4处理最大;在W1、W2和W3处理间小麦水分利用效率差异不显著,而W4和W5处理显著低于前三个处理。在本试验土壤及降雨条件下,把播前2m土壤含水量调整为田间持水量的85%~90%是贮墒旱作最适宜的贮墒水平。 相似文献
6.
水分胁迫对辣木生物量分配和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以云南干热河谷辣木(Moringa olerfera)为对象,采用盆栽人工控制土壤含水量的方法,研究了水分胁迫对辣木生长、生物量分配和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:90%和75%田间持水量控制下,辣木株高和地径随时间的延长逐渐增长,但70%田间持水量明显受到抑制;60%、45%和30%田间持水量处理下的株高和地径生长处于停滞状态;辣木复叶数、主根长和主根粗随水分胁迫加剧而降低,而根数无显著差异。利用标准化主轴法对株高-地径异速生长关系进行模拟,结果显示,随着干旱胁迫加剧,异速生长指数从1.273持续下降至0.947,即辣木将更多的同化物从株高生长转移到其他器官;不同土壤水分的生物量整体表现为根>茎>叶,且随着田间持水量的降低,辣木将更多的生物量由地上转移至地下,而水分利用效率整体呈上升趋势。 相似文献
7.
播种期补灌对土壤含水量和小麦籽粒产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确播种期0~200 cm土体贮水量及其纵向分布对小麦出苗、群体发育和籽粒产量的调节作用,于2013-2014年度小麦生长季,在土壤容重、田间持水量和肥力条件一致,而小麦播前土壤贮水量不同的A、B两个地块,在播种期设置不同的计划湿润层深度和目标土壤含水量进行补灌。结果表明,在地块A和地块B 0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量分别为201.5和266.3 mm、0~200 cm土层土壤贮水量分别为554.2和586.4 mm的条件下,播种期补灌,土壤水分平衡后,灌溉水在地块B下渗的深度较大,但主要集中在60 cm以上土层,其中0~10和0~20 cm土层土壤含水量提高的幅度最大;小麦出苗率主要受播种期0~10 cm土层土壤含水量的影响,而群体发育、干物质积累和产量形成则受播前土壤贮水量和播种期补灌水平的共同影响。播种期上部土层土壤含水量过低不利于幼苗发育,显著减少越冬至拔节期间的单位面积茎数。播种前0~100 cm土层土壤贮水量过低,即使播种期在一定范围内增加补灌水量,并于拔节期和开花期再补灌,仍会制约小麦生育中后期的生长,导致成穗数和干物质积累量减少,产量降低。在同一底墒条件下,小麦总耗水量和籽粒产量均随播种期补灌目标土壤相对含水量的提高呈增加趋势,但补灌水量过多,籽粒产量不再增加,水分利用效率降低。 相似文献
8.
菌糠改良土壤田间持水量效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探讨食用菌菌糠做底肥对土壤田间持水量的改良效果。【方法】本试验以多种菌糠为底肥,以种植玉米土壤为研究对象,,设计了（0,5,10,15,20 kg/60 m2）5个处理,每个处理3次重复,在室内采用威尔克科斯法测定土壤的田间持水量。【结果】随着施用菌糠量的增加土壤的田间持水量容重由2.08%增加到2.50%,处理间F=13.40893具有显著性。【结论】通过对比可知菌糠在改良土壤的田间持水量的效果良好,并且玉米的产量明显的提高。 相似文献
9.
10.
不同土壤水分条件下施磷量对小麦干物质积累及耗水规律的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为给小麦生产中土壤水分和施磷量的合理调控提供理论依据,通过防雨旱棚池栽方法,研究了在土壤水分胁迫(W1)和水分适宜(W2)条件下施磷量对小麦耗水特性及干物质积累的影响.结果表明,水、磷两因素对小麦的耗水特性和干物质积累均有重要影响.在W1条件下,施磷150 kg/ha的处理花后同化物对籽粒的贡献率高于其他两个施磷处理(75和225 kg/ha);在W2条件下,随施磷量的增加,花后同化物的运转量及贡献率增加;W2下各处理花后同化物运转量及对籽粒的贡献率均大于W1.W1处理较W2处理的籽粒灌浆速率达到最大值的时间提前,而适宜施磷可提高最大灌浆速率.随土壤含水量的增加,麦田总耗水量上升,水分利用效率下降.W1条件下,耗水量和水分利用效率以施磷150 kg/ha处理最高;W2条件下,各施磷处理间耗水量和水分利用效率差异不显著.在本试验条件下,虽然土壤含水量为田间持水量的75%与施磷150 kg/ha的处理组合获得最高产量,但与土壤含水量为田间持水量的55%、施磷150 kg/ha的处理组合的产量差异不显著,且后者水分利用效率最高,与其他处理差异显著,故综合考虑小麦的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,后者是较优水肥处理组合. 相似文献
11.
Are soil‐adjusted vegetation indices better than soil‐unadjusted vegetation indices for above‐ground green biomass estimation in arid and semi‐arid grasslands? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Accurate estimation of grassland biomass has been a central focus due to its importance in ecosystem processes and carbon cycles. This study aimed to examine whether the performance of soil‐adjusted vegetation indices for estimating above‐ground green biomass was better than that of soil‐unadjusted vegetation indices in arid and semi‐arid grasslands. Above‐ground green biomass in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia and corresponding moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) surface reflectance 8‐day composite MOD09Q1 data were collected during late September of 2013. Results showed that soil‐adjusted SAVI (soil‐adjusted vegetation index), MSAVI (modified soil‐adjusted vegetation index), OSAVI (optimized soil‐adjusted vegetation index), TSAVI (transformed soil‐adjusted vegetation index), ATSAVI (adjusted transformed soil‐adjusted vegetation index) and PVI (perpendicular vegetation index) did not improve estimation accuracy over soil‐unadjusted simple ratio (SR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), due to low green vegetation cover (<30%) in the study area. Our results suggest that these soil‐adjusted vegetation indices may be not suitable for describing green vegetation information in arid and semi‐arid grasslands with low green vegetation cover (<30%). 相似文献
12.
This study quantifies the impact of four different grazing regimes (heavy, moderate, light and ungrazed) on the vegetation dynamics of rangeland ecosystems along the southern boundary area of the Mu Us Desert, China. As the grazing intensities decreased, the soil quality, canopy cover, height, density, above‐ and below‐ground biomass, litter, root/shoot ratio and native plant (Aneurolepidium dasystachys) and grass abundances significantly increased; the above‐ground biomass of grasses increased, but the above‐ground biomass of forbs decreased. Ungrazed grassland has significantly improved from grasslands experiencing three other levels of grazing pressure, especially in the grassland biomass. Species richness increased as the grazing intensity decreased in the grazing grasslands, but peak species richness appeared under moderate and light grazing against lower productivity. Grazing exclusion causes desirable transitions in plant communities of desert steppe rangelands. Therefore, appropriate and efficient grazing exclusion is an available way to counteract local grassland degradation and promote rangeland sustainability. 相似文献
13.
The choice of grass species to combat desertification in semi‐arid Kenyan rangelands is greatly influenced by their forage value for livestock 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 K. Z. Mganga N. K. R. Musimba D. M. Nyariki M. M. Nyangito A. W. Mwang'ombe 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(1):161-167
Livestock production is the main source of livelihood in the arid and semi‐arid lands in Africa. However, desertification characterized by vegetation degradation and soil erosion is a major threat to the sustainability of land‐based production systems. Native rangeland forage species Cenchrus ciliaris L. (Buffel grass/African foxtail grass), Eragrostis superba Peyr. (Maasai love grass) and Enteropogon macrostachyus (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Monro ex Benth. (Bush rye grass) have been used to combat desertification. The objectives of the study were to identify the best‐suited native grass species to combat desertification in a semi‐arid environment in Kenya and to identify the preferred grass species among the agropastoralists in the area. Percentage basal cover, plant densities and frequencies of the three grasses in pure stands and mixtures were estimated. Grass species preferences were through household survey and focus group discussion. Results showed a significant difference (P < 0·05) in plant densities and cover estimates: E. macrostachyus was ranked first; C. ciliaris and E. superba were ranked second and third respectively. The agropastoral farmers, however, preferred E. superba followed by C. ciliaris and E. macrostachyus, a reverse trend. These results suggest that the choice of grass species to combat desertification is influenced more by its contribution as a source of forage for livestock than its contribution for rehabilitation purposes. 相似文献
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15.
S. K. Dong M. Y. Kang† X. J. Yun‡ R. J. Long§ Z. Z. Hu¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》2007,62(4):405-415
Economic costs and benefits for different grassland production systems were analysed. Comparisons included one native grassland (alpine meadow dominated by sedges) system, four perennial monocultures of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss, SB), Siberian wild ryegrass (Elymus sibricus Linn., SW), drooping wild ryegrass (Elymus nutans Griseb, DW) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum Gaertn., CW), three mixtures of these grasses (SB + DW, SB + SW + CW and SB + SW + DW + CW), and two annual monocultures of forage oats (FO) and annual ryegrass (Lolium annual, AR) in the alpine grasslands of Qinghai‐Tibet, China. Perennial grass monocultures of SW and DW and perennial grass mixtures of SB + SW + DW + CW and SB + SW + CW had higher forage yields, total revenues, output:input ratios and net profits than native grassland. These grasses and mixtures can be used to reseed native grassland and improve degraded grassland in the alpine region of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. Perennial grass mixtures can replace FO for more sustainable agricultural production systems as they are comparable in economic value and superior in ecological value to FO. 相似文献
16.
Plant-plant interactions are known as the main biotic drivers of the vegetation dynamics. Therefore, understanding such processes is beneficial for the applied vegetation management. The aim of this research was to investigate the type and intensity of plant-plant interaction during the time course of a growth season. We studied ecophysiological aspects of facilitation and competition between two aridland shrubs, A. meschedensis Bunge and A. raddeanam Czernjak and one perennial grass, B. kopetdaghensis Krasch. Soil and plant sampling were carried out for shrubs and the grass that were either growing alone or the grass was growing under the canopy of shrubs. In Spring (May), soil humidity weight was higher under the shrubs+grass than the grass-only site. By the beginning of Summer (July) grass consumed the common soil water and rapidly terminated its yearly growth. Therefore, in August and September, soil humidity weight was lower under the shrubs+grass than shrub-only sites. Photosynthesis rate of B. kopetdaghensis was sharply reduced from the beginning towards the end of growth season, but was not varied between the different plant combinations. Leaf proline measurement in July indicated higher stress for B. kopetdaghensis that were growing under shrubs than those of open areas. In conclusion, we found facilitation effects of shrubs on the grass at the early times of growth season, but it shifted into the competition for water during summer times. The outcome of plant interaction was positive for the grass but negative for the shrubs, especially A. meschedensis. 相似文献
17.
以云南省元谋干热河谷退化山地不同立地条件下种植的柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)为供试植物,研究柱花草的物候期、生长速率、生物量及覆盖效应。结果表明,在本区退化山地不同立地条件下,柱花草种植在台地及坡地均能完成其生长周期,有一定的生产力及覆盖效应。总体看,台地与坡地种植样地主要物候相差不大,台地由于保水作用强,能显著提高柱花草样地的整体生产力,草质好,柱花草的生物量、持水能力及生长量高于坡地。在改善小环境效应方面,台地和坡地柱花草种植样地由于作物覆盖地表,有效保持土壤水分,减少蒸发 相似文献
18.
云南金沙江干热河谷区因高温干旱、水资源匮乏、水土流失严重、生态环境退化、社会经济条件差及不合理开发等因素，抑制了区内光热资源潜力的发挥及自然资源的综合开发与经营。根据流域的环境特点、自然资源特征及利用现状，因地制宜地提出流域自然资源综合开发与经营模式。 相似文献
19.
Stacey D Ostermann-Kelm Edward A Atwill Esther S Rubin Larry E Hendrickson Walter M Boyce 《BMC ecology》2009,9(1):22-10
Background
Free-ranging horses (Equus caballus) in North America are considered to be feral animals since they are descendents of non-native domestic horses introduced to the continent. We conducted a study in a southern California desert to understand how feral horse movements and horse feces impacted this arid ecosystem. We evaluated five parameters susceptible to horse trampling: soil strength, vegetation cover, percent of nonnative vegetation, plant species diversity, and macroinvertebrate abundance. We also tested whether or not plant cover and species diversity were affected by the presence of horse feces. 相似文献20.
Exploiting genetic and physiological variation of the native forage grass Trichloris crinita for revegetation in arid and semi‐arid regions: An integrative review 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In arid, semi‐arid and dry subhumid regions, which represent ~ 41% of the Earth's land surface, desertification and soil degradation are very frequent, leading to low soil fertility and productivity. In these regions, revegetation with locally adapted native species may aid in ameliorating desertification processes. Trichloris crinita is a C4 perennial grass native to arid and semi‐arid regions of the American continent. Its good forage quality, drought tolerance, resistance to trampling and grazing, and rapid growth and competing aggressiveness among other native species warrant its use as forage and for revegetation purposes. In the last decades, many studies have revealed broad intraspecific genetic variation for ecophysiological, morphological, biomass production, nutritional quality (as forage) and adaptive stress response‐related traits. Also, results from field trials evaluating T. crinita genotypes as forage and for restoration of degraded areas suggest great potential for—and have encouraged—its utilization under different habitats and environmental conditions. In this integrative review, we compiled and discussed the most relevant research data regarding T. crinita, focusing on aspects and traits that influence its utilization both as forage and in rehabilitation of degraded lands. Challenges and prospects towards the improvement of this species in breeding programmes with specific goals are discussed. 相似文献