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1.
以罗平县植烟土壤为研究对象,分析了罗平县土壤有效硼、有效钼含量及其互作与烟叶硼、钼含量的关系。结果表明:(1)罗平县土壤有效硼含量平均值为0.540 mg/kg,变幅为0.051~3.033 mg/kg,变异系数为77.78%;土壤有效钼含量丰富,平均值为0.489 mg/kg,变幅为0~3.458 mg/kg,变异系数高达98.77%。(2)罗平县烟叶硼含量平均值为16.301 mg/kg,变幅为2.163~35.684 mg/kg,符合优质烤烟硼含量范围内的样本数占总数的88.89%;烟叶钼含量偏低,平均值为0.535 mg/kg,变幅为0.059~4.059 mg/kg,符合优质烟叶生长发育钼含量的样本数占总样本数的48.83%。(3)烟叶硼含量与土壤有效硼含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.215,烟叶硼含量(y^)与土壤有效硼含量(x)的回归方程为y^=14.720+2.925x;烟叶钼含量与土壤有效钼含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.411,烟叶钼含量(y^)与土壤有效钼含量(x)的回归方程为y^=0.335+0.409x;(4)土壤有效硼和有效钼的交互作用对烟叶硼含量存在极显著影响,但对烟叶钼含量的影响未达到显著水平。 相似文献
2.
我国烤烟中部烟叶硼含量特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据对2001至2004年4年来自20个省(市)363个烤烟中部烟叶硼含量的测定,研究分析了我国烤烟中部烟叶硼含量变化特征,结果表明:1)烟叶硼含量平均为29.84 mg.kg-1,变异系数为46.9%;2)不同品种烤烟烟叶硼含量差异极显著,其中K326硼含量最高,为34.61 mg.kg-1,云烟87硼含量最低,为26.13 mg.kg-1;3)不同省(市)烟叶硼含量差异显著,江西省最高,为45.23 mg.kg-1,重庆最低,为17.09 mg.kg-1;4)不同年份烟叶硼含量差异极显著,硼含量和变异有减小的趋势;5)同一烤烟品种K326中部烟叶硼含量在参试省(市)差异极显著。除河南外,其它省(市)K326烟叶硼含量差异不显著。 相似文献
3.
重庆市植烟区土壤硼素状况及施硼效应的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
通过田间采样和田间试验对重庆市植烟区土壤有效硼含量以及施硼效应进行了研究。结果表明,重庆市植烟区土壤有效硼含量在0.07~1.99 mg.kg-1之间,平均为0.43 mg.kg-1,普遍低于烟株正常生长所需的有效硼含量。通过增施硼肥不仅可以促进烟株生长发育,有效提高烟叶的干物质积累量,而且烤烟的产量和品质也有不同程度的提高。与单纯施用氮磷钾肥相比,武隆县和彭水县烟叶产量均以基施硼肥30 kg.hm-2最高;武隆以浇施硼肥7.5 kg.hm-2产值最高,彭水则以基施硼肥30 kg.hm-2最高。 相似文献
4.
5.
蚕豆根分泌物对紫色土有效养分及微生物数量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为培育紫色土肥力和合理利用蚕豆资源,本研究首先通过溶液培养法收集到蚕豆根系分泌物后,并通过真空旋转蒸发仪得到浓缩液,然后通过室内土壤培养试验,即分别在3种60 g紫色土(酸性紫色土、碱性紫色土和中性紫色土)添加2个水平[6 m L(低量)和12 m L(高量)]的蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液,并置于25℃恒温箱中黑暗培养15 d,从而探索蚕豆根系分泌物对不同紫色土有效养分和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:在3种紫色土上,与对照相比,添加低量和高量蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液后,土壤碱解氮含量和p H均显著降低;而土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锌含量和微生物数量均显著增加,且此趋势随根系分泌物浓缩液添加量增加而增强。与其他两种紫色土相比,酸性紫色土添加蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液对于土壤碱解氮含量和p H的降低效应最明显,对土壤中细菌和真菌数量增加效应更为显著,与对照相比,增幅分别为-32.00%、-4.51%、3.51倍和9.00倍。与其他两种紫色土相比,碱性紫色土添加高量蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液对土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效锌和有效铁含量活化效应最强,分别是对照的4.48倍、2.04倍、147.10%和128.00%。在中性紫色土上,添加高量蚕豆根系分泌物浓缩液对以上土壤有效养分和土壤微生物数量的影响介于酸性紫色土和碱性紫色土之间。总之,蚕豆根系分泌物对不同紫色土土壤有效养分(土壤碱解氮和p H除外)和土壤微生物活性有不同促进效应,这对于紫色土肥力培育有深远影响。 相似文献
6.
硫硼营养对烟叶石油醚提取物合成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
硫素和硼素营养对烟叶石油醚提取物的合成起着重要作用。通过田间试验研究硫素、硼素营养对与烟叶石油醚提取物合成有关的6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶、磷脂酸磷酸酯酶活性的影响及提高石油醚提取物含量的实际效果。试验结果表明,适量的硫、硼营养配合施用对于提高烟叶中石油醚提取物含量有一定的促进作用,当硫素和硼素分别为75、3 kg/hm2时,烤烟不同生育期石油醚提取物含量最高,烘烤后烟叶中部叶石油醚提取物含量为7.84%;6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶、磷脂酸磷酸酯酶的活性最强。 相似文献
7.
氯和钾营养对烤烟产量和品质的影响 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
在四川中性紫色土上研究烤烟的氯钾营养及其与产量品质的关系。结果表明,施氯量80-240mgCl/kg土,可提高烟叶的光合强度,增强POD、PPO、SOD、NR等抗逆酶的活性,增大叶面积。烟叶含氯量随施氯量的增加而增加,烤烟烟叶产量比对照提高5.5-21.5％。以烟叶含氯1％,K2O/Cl比4为标准确定的该地区烤烟耐氯临界值为139-165mgCl/kg土(土壤水溶性氯),可使烟叶中糖和烟碱含量和比例协调。从烤烟营养和品质看,植烟土壤含氯(水溶性氯)以不超过160mg/kg土为宜。试验还表明施氯促进了烤烟对氯、钾的吸收,提高烟叶水溶性总糖含量,但不利于烟株对磷的吸收。因此合理配置烤烟氮、磷、钾、氯的比例对烤烟品质至关重要。本试验结果初步表明在中性紫色土植烟区,以部分氯化钾代替硫酸钾是可能的。 相似文献
8.
有机质对红壤烤烟氮素累积分配特征的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用15N示踪技术,研究了有机质含量对红壤烤烟氮累积分配特征的影响。结果表明,随着土壤有机质含量增加,烤烟氮素累积时期延长,且累积量增加。烤烟后期吸收的氮素,在低有机质含量红壤上来自土壤供氮,中有机质含量来自肥料供氮,高有机质含量来自肥料供氮与土壤供氮。烤烟吸收总氮量中29.07%~40.26%来自肥料供氮,59.74%
~70.93%来自土壤供氮,表明烤烟吸收氮素大部分来自土壤供氮。氮素在烟株不同部位分配量表现为:烟叶烟茎烟根;烟叶各部位中的分配量为:在低有机质含量的红壤,下、中、上3个部位分配量相等,中有机质含量和高有机质含量上则为上部叶中部叶下部叶。有机质含量对下部叶氮素分配量影响不大,其它部位均表现为有机质含量越高,氮素分配量越大。烤烟不同部位中肥料氮比例表现为下部叶中部叶烟根烟茎上部叶,土壤氮比例表现为上部叶烟茎烟根中部叶下部叶;并且土壤有机含量越高,各部位中土壤氮的比例越高,肥料氮的比例越低,上部叶受土壤供氮影响最大。红壤上烤烟氮肥利用率在25.42%~30.61%之间,低有机质含量土壤氮肥利用率较低,中、高有机质含量利用率相对较高。在施肥过程中,低有机质红壤上应在N 90 kg/hm2基础上适当增加氮肥施用量,中等有机质含量上保持不变,高有机质含量上应适当降低氮肥用量。 相似文献
9.
硼对上部烟叶组织结构及对降低烟气焦油含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过盆栽试验,研究了不同施硼措施对上部初烤烟叶组织结构及烟气焦油量的影响,结果表明,缺硼烟叶细胞结构凌乱无序,不完整,结构紧实,不够疏松,施硼烟叶有完整的栅栏和海绵组织,细胞孔隙也可见,结构相对较疏松。硼肥直接喷施到上部叶,其叶片较薄,孔隙度较大,结构比较疏松,总粒相物和焦油含量较低,分别比不施硼处理、基施硼肥、中部叶喷硼、下部叶喷硼、整株喷硼处理降低43.6%、23.6%、8.3%、27.7%、27.3%和35.8%、21.8%、25.8%、17.9%、8.7%,上部叶焦油量与其栅栏组织厚有显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
10.
通过盆栽试验研究了钼、氮配施对烤烟钼吸收、积累和分配的影响。结果表明,3个氮水平下,施钼均可显著增加烤烟团棵期、旺长期、打顶期和成熟期的烟叶钼含量和钼累积量,且钼含量和钼累积量随施钼量增加而增加;钼、氮对烟叶的钼含量和钼累积量有显著的负交互效应,随着氮水平的提高,烤烟烟叶的钼含量和积累量呈下降趋势;旺长期到打顶期是烤烟烟叶的钼累积速率快速增长期,烟叶的钼累积高峰均出现在移栽后62 d;在N2(0.24 g/kg)和N3(0.42 g/kg)水平下施钼可增加钼在上部叶中的分配比例,降低钼在下部叶的分配比例。 相似文献
11.
以华油杂9号和中油杂12号为供试油菜品种,在鄂东油菜主产区布置田间试验,试验设置3个硼肥用量梯度,硼砂用量分别为0、3和12 kg/hm2,研究硼肥用量对两种油菜产量、干物质积累量和硼素积累量的影响。结果表明,土壤严重缺硼(有效硼含量为0.12 mg/kg)条件下,施硼显著提高油菜产量和地上部各部位生物量,促进硼素吸收,且其影响随着生育进程的推移而加大。试验条件下最佳硼肥(B含量11%)用量为3 kg/hm2,相比不施硼处理,华油杂9号和中油杂12号分别增产26.8%和38.4%。硼用量为3 kg/hm2时,华油杂9号和中油杂12号的硼肥相对利用率分别为32.2%和19.4%,硼用量进一步增加,利用率显著降低。两个油菜品种相比结果表明,不同品种油菜对硼的吸收利用能力及敏感程度不同,华油杂9号具有较强的吸收、利用硼的能力,而中油杂12号对缺硼更加敏感,增产幅度更显著。研究结果说明,在当前生产条件下,油菜施硼增产效果显著,但目前油菜生产中不施硼和推荐施硼量过大的现象同时存在,应根据实际情况进行调整。 相似文献
12.
The use of boron isotopes to evaluate boron uptake by rape grown in acid soil treated with boron containing goethite 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jun He Jingzhen Cui Duanwei Zhu Wenbing Zhou Shuijiao Liao Mingjian Geng 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2015,178(6):935-943
Boron (B), taken up by plants, comes mainly from boron adsorbed by soil constituents, in particular by metal hydrous oxides, organic matter, and edges of clay minerals. The extent and availability of B adsorbed or occluded by soil minerals is unknown due to the lack of a methodology for probing activity of this type of boron. In this study, 10B labeled boron‐containing goethites, i.e., goethite with adsorbed B (ad‐B‐goethite) and occluded B (oc‐B‐goethite), were added individually to an Ultisol for pot experiments to probe soil B bioavailability. The fraction of soil B extracted from B‐containing goethite showed a sigmoidal extraction pattern similar to that of B adsorbed on soil minerals. The rape seedling uptake of B from ad‐B‐goethite treatment of soil was close to that from soil background (50%), while that from oc‐B‐goethite treatment of soil was about 66%. The B absorbed from both B‐containing goethite and soil was mainly accumulated in the shoot; less than a tenth of the B was accumulated in the root. In summary, the behavior of B in B‐containing goethite was generally similar to that of soil B, indicating that B containing goethite can be used to probe migration of B from soil to plant. 相似文献
13.
诊断油菜缺硼的土壤硼素临界范围 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WEI You-Zhang 《土壤圈》2001,11(3):283-288
Relationships between seed yields of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) and extractable boron concen-trations in three soil layers(A,P and W) were investigated through ten experiments on three types of soils(Alluvic Entisols,Udic Ferrisols and Sagnic Anthrosols) in northern,Western and middle Zhejing Province.Among several mathematical models used to described the relationships,the polynomial equation,y=a bx cx^2 dx^3,where y is the yield of oilseed rape seed and x the extractable boron concentration in P layer of soil,was the best one.The critical range of the concentrations corresponding to 90% of the maximum oilseed rape yield was 0.40-0.52 mg kg^-1,The extractable boron concentration of the P layers of the soils was the most stable,The critical range determined was verified through the production practices of oilseed rape in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):941-952
Abstract Boron applied in 2 soybean field experiments at rates up to 2.12 kg/ha was not detectable in Ap or B2 horizon soil extracts approximately 6 weeks after B addition, although leaf B contents reflected added B. There was a measurable difference between the 2 fields in extractable B. Where the Ap horizon averaged 0.05 ppm B, soybean leaf content ranged 14 to 40 ppm B and no yield response was obtained with 0.56 to 2.24 kg/ha of added B. Where the Ap horizon averaged 0.11 ppm B, and leaf content reached 63 ppm B, soybean yield was reduced approximately two‐thirds by 2.24 kg/ha of added B. Data from these 2 field experiments and previous micronutrient field studies, where yield response to B fertilization was obtained when leaf B was 9 to 10 ppm in soybean leaves, suggest that plant tissue analyses for B can be used to evaluate B fertilization needs. Soil tests may not be useful for detecting B deficiency in coarse‐textured soils, but may aid in detection of areas where B levels are high. 相似文献
15.
土壤硼吸附动力学与油菜硼反应的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The boron adsorption kinetic experiment in soil by means a flow displacement technique showed that the kinetic data could be described with some mathematic equations.The average values of the coorealtion coefficeint for zero-order,first-order,parabolic diffusion ,Elovich,power function and eponential equations were 0.957,0.982,0.981,0.984,0.981 and 0.902 ,respectively,The correlation between adsorbed boron or its other expression form and time were the highest for first-order ,parabloic diffusion Elovich,and pwer function equations,the second for the zeroorder equation,and the tlowest for the exponential equation.The parabloic diffusion equation fitted well the expermiental results,with the least standard error among the six kinetic equation,showing that the monvemetn of boron from soil solution to soil colloid surface may be controlled by boron diffusion speed.The boron content of rape seedling obtained from soil cultvation was correlated with the rate constants of the kinetic equations.The constants of first-order ,parabloic diffusion,and exponential equaitions were significanlty correlated with the boron content of the crop of NPK treatment at a 95% probaility level ,with correation coeffecients being 0.686,0.691 and 0.64 and 0.641,respectively.In the case of zero-order equation,it Was significant at 99% probability level(r=0.736),These results showed that the adsorption kinetic constants of soil boron were closely related with the rape plant response to boron. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):973-987
Abstract Five soil boron (B) extraction methods were evaluated for their ability to predict available B to kiwifruit plants in soils with high B concentration. The methods were hot water soluble (Hws‐B), 0.05M mannitol in 0.01M calcium chloride (CaCl2 extractable (Man‐B), 0.05M hydrochloride acid (HCl) soluble (HC1‐B), resin extractable (Resin‐B), and saturation extract (Sat‐B). The amounts of B recovered by the first four methods investigated were strongly correlated with each other, the highest correlation obtained being between Hws‐B and HC1‐B. Plant B was highly correlated to the B recovered by the first four extractants and poorly correlated to the B determined by the saturation method. Soil B concentrations corresponding with B toxicity in kiwifruit are 0.51, 0.80, 0.18, and 2.0 μg‐g‐1 soil for Hws‐B, Man‐B, HC1‐B, and Res‐B, respectively. The coefficients of determination in some cases were improved when in the regression equations, soil pH and clay content were included. 相似文献
17.
Ross O. Nable 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):453-461
The B toxicity resistance mechanism was investigated by examining the distribution of B amongst and within plant parts of four barley genotypes transferred from normal to excessive B. After transfer, the B concentrations increased in all plant parts. In corresponding parts (roots and leaves) however, the B concentrations always reflected the relative susceptibility of each genotype to B toxicity, with susceptible genotypes having higher B concentrations than less susceptible genotypes. Despite large differences amongst genotypes in the B concentrations of corresponding leaf segments, the relative B concentrations along the leaves were similar for all genotypes. Similarly, the amount of B in all parts increased after transfer, with B accumulation by leaves closely reflecting leaf size. Roots contained up to 10 percent of the total B accumulated at each harvest. This pattern was essentially the same for each genotype at each harvest, despite the large differences in total B accumulated. These results show that the pattern of B distribution was remarkably similar in the four genotypes examined despite great differences in the total amounts of B absorbed and the actual B concentrations of individual parts. Differences amongst barley genotypes in susceptibility to B toxicity do not result from an ability to control the internal distribution of the element, but rather are governed by the amount of B each accumulates. 相似文献
18.
T. Tanada 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):743-749
Abstract A spectrofluorometric analysis for boron with carminic acid has been made of protoplast membranes, protoplasts, and hypocotyls of mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata L., c.v. Berken). When expressed on a protein basis, a major part of the boron is localized in the membranes. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13):1527-1542
Abstract Boron soil tests often do not adequately reflect B plant uptake or deficiency levels in the Eastern United States. In an attempt to develop a better test, the following systems were studied: Silicic acid replacement of boron; B soil buffering power; and the addition of small quantities of boron (0.175 ugB/g‐soil) to each soil sample to overcome some of the stronger boron fixing sites prior to hot water extraction. Boron extracted with B spiked hot water (r=0.80 for plant tissue B vs. extractable B, opposed to r=0.76 for nonspiked hot water) was the only new test that showed promise. The results appear to explain why hot water extractable B correlates well with plant uptake for soils previously treated with boron fertilizer (e.g. alfalfa fields); but why, on the other hand, hot water extractable B fails to correlate well with plant boron uptake for soils not having a recent history of boron fertilization. . . in which some fixing sites apparently have to be satisfied before the hot water test will work well. 相似文献
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我国作物硼营养与硼肥施用的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
硼是作物生长发育和产量形成所必需的微量营养元素。我国自上世纪六、七十年代发现棉花“蕾而不花”和油菜“花而不实”为缺硼症后，开启了作物硼营养与硼肥施用技术的研究，此后50年的研究取得了一系列瞩目的进展和成果。本文从作物硼营养诊断与硼肥施用、作物硼的吸收转运和分配、作物硼的营养生理、作物硼营养遗传与分子机理等四个方面综述我国科技工作者的研究工作。研究确定了我国不同作物生长发育对硼的营养需求及缺硼反应的差异，明确了棉花和油菜等作物的硼营养特征、植物体与土壤硼丰缺指标和诊断方法、硼肥施用技术与规范，揭示了油菜、棉花等作物硼高效利用的基因型差异与遗传规律，克隆解析了硼高效吸收转运基因。在未来发展中，一方面要进一步加强作物硼营养的精准诊断与早期诊断、硼与其他必需元素的协同增效研究，为现代农业产业服务；另一方面要进一步加强作物硼营养高效的生物学机制研究，以培育作物硼高效高产优质抗逆的品种为目标，为实现我国农业可持续发展作贡献。 相似文献