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1.
Favouring Tetranychid mites by intercropping peanut plants on citrus plants and results of chemical control measures The mite populations ofT. cucurbitacearum (Sayed) andT. arabicus (Attiah) reached noxious levels on the peanut plants intercropped on orange trees, during July and August, when the increasing in temperature was accompanied with increasing in humidity. It seems that intercropping the peanut plants on fruit trees and cultural practices may affect as well peanut plant condition as the mortality of mites and consequently increase mite infestation.Regarding, the control experiments, it had been found that 5 acaricides used were very effective in decreasing Tetranychid populations on peanut plants.  相似文献   

2.
Zusammenfassung 1. Die Spinnmilbenpopulation war von Anfang Oktober bis Anfang Ende Januar gering. Während dieser Zeit haben sie das Wachstum und Produktion der Pflanzen nicht sonderlich beeinflußt. Danach stieg ihre Zahl schlagartig und rief Schaden unter den Aubergine-Pflanzen hervor.2. Wir halten die Temperatur für den Hauptfaktor für den Anstieg und Abfall der Spinnmilbenpopulation. Niederschläge haben geringen Einfluß.3. Die Spinnmilben werden bereits bei Temperaturen von 13,4–15°C aktiv. Die Aktivität nimmt mit dem Temperaturanstieg zu und die Milbenzahl erreicht einen Gipfel bei etwa 21°C. Weiter ansteigende Temperatur bewirkt einen Abfall der Anzahl.4. Im Sommer werden keine Spinnmilben gefunden.5. Bei leichtem Befall werden die Spinnmilben an den unteren Blatteilen gefunden, bei schwerem Befall aber auch an der oberen Blattoberfläche.6. Kelthane und Tedion sind die besten Bekämpfungsmittel gegen die Spinnmilbe.7. Organische Phosphorverbindungen ermöglichen einen Anstieg der Spinnmilbenpopulation, wahrscheinlich durch das Abtöten ihrer natürlichen Feinde, und die Milben werden resistent gegen ihre Wirkung.
Conclusion 1. Spider mite populations were very small at the beginning of October and until the end of January. During that time they had no harmful effect on plant growth and production. After that date their numbers increased strikingly and caused damage to the eggplants.2. We consider temperature as the major factor influencing the increase and decrease in spider mite populations. Precipitation has little effect.3. Spider mites become active and reproduce already at mean temperatures of 13,4–15°C. The activity increases with the increase in temperature and the numbers reached the peak at mean temperature of 21°C. Further increase in temperature caused the decrease in numbers.4. Spider mites are not found in summer.5. Spider mite is found on the lower surface of the leaf when infestation is light, but also on the upper surface when infestation is severe.6. Kelthane and Tedion give the best control of the spider mite.7. The organo-phosphorous compounds allow increase of spider mite populations, probably by killing its natural enemies, and the mites developing resistance against their effect.

Der Schreiber möchte Seiner Excellenz, dem Minister für Landwirtschaft, für sein besonderes Interesse und seine Ermutigung Dank sagen; ebenso dem herrn Direktor der wissenschaftlichen Abteilung für das Bereitstellen aller während der Untersuchungen benötigten Einrichtungen. Besonderer Dank gebührt Herrn A. Arafat für das Sammeln der Daten.Dank möchte ich auch dem Superintendenten der Fara'a Versuchs-Station sagen, welcher mir das Material, Geräte und Labor zur Verfügung stellte, und allen Mitarbeitern, die niemals ihre Hilfe versagten, wenn sie darum gebeten wurden.  相似文献   

3.
Foliage-dwelling predatory mites and foliar applications of mycoinsecticides are commonly used in biological control programs for Western flower thrips. A laboratory study was designed to examine the compatibility of two foliage-dwelling predatory mites with two commercially available mycoinsecticides, followed by a greenhouse study to assess their combined efficacy against Western flower thrips, with a view to their concurrent use in an integrated strategy. The following commercially available biocontrol agents were evaluated: the predatory mites, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot); and entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (now classified as Metarhizium brunneum) strain F52 and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) GHA strain. Mortality caused by the mycoinsecticides ranged from 0 to 15.98% in the laboratory studies. In the greenhouse, the relative efficacy of predatory mite slow-release breeding sachets, Met52 EC spray, and a combined application was determined. Under high pest pressure, Met52 EC-alone was not as effective as N. cucumeris-alone or the combination treatment over 8 weeks. Neoseiulus cucumeris-alone provided better control of thrips than Met52 EC, but in a mixed infestation of thrips and two-spotted spider mites, the combination treatment worked best overall; the spider mites were effectively suppressed by Met52 EC. Under low pest pressure in the experiment with A. swirskii, use of Met52 EC or A. swirskii sachets effectively suppressed thrips population growth; moreover, the combination treatment completely eliminated both thrips and spider mites.  相似文献   

4.
Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari, Phytoseiidae) has been reported as the most important predator of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari, Tetranychidae) in apple culture. However, biological data on T. pyri was insufficient on important parameters like seasonal population dynamics and within-tree and on-leaf distribution in apple orchards in the region of Meckenheim, Germany. The purpose of the present work was, therefore, to obtain experimental data on these parameters of T. pyri from 2000 to 2002 in the apple orchards in this region. The results showed that overwintered females of T. pyri reactivate and start laying eggs between late March and early April. The mean daily number of the different stages of T. pyri per leaf peaked in July each year, where it ranged between 0.92–1.68 eggs, 0.81–1.41 nymphs, 0.64–1.32 females and 0.37–0.52 males. A significantly higher number of T. pyri individuals congregated in the bottom layer of trees (0.34–0.64 individuals/leaf) than in the middle and top layers (0.23–0.38 and 0.12–0.23 individuals/leaf, respectively). We found that 91.4–94.1% of the total eggs, 89.6–91.7% larvae, 73.0–76.5% nymphs, 60.5–64.6% adult females and 52.6–55.9% adult males concentrated their activities in the inner area of the leaf surface. More than 50% of the predatory mites congregated in the bottom layer in winter. Mean total density of the overwintering females in December of 2000,2001 and 2002 ranged between 10.6–14.2 females/5 cm twig in the bottom, 7.3–10.4 in the middle and 4.1–6.9 in the top layers of the apple trees. Mean total fecundity recorded over the 3 years was lowest in the overwintering generation with 31.8–37.6 eggs/female, highest in the June generation with 45.9–53.7 eggs/female, and intermediate in the August generation with 41.5–46.1 eggs/female. The overwintering generation was composed entirely of females, while the female to male ratio in the June generation was 2:1, and in the August generation 3:1. T. pyri overwinters as adult females in rough structures, cracks and crevices of twigs.  相似文献   

5.
Comparative studies on the influence of sprinkler irrigation and chemical control on Tetranychid mites infesting peanut The application of water to peanut plants using sprinkler irrigation systems showed a depressing effect on mite densities. Since the upper surface of the leaves are appreciably wetted, few numbers ofT arabicus (Attiah) andT. cucurbitacearum (Sayed) inhabit only the lower leaves surface. Data showed that spider mite populations on sprinkled plot were lower than those on acaricide treated plot and control plot.  相似文献   

6.
Mites associated with abandoned fig trees in Egypt were observed during a 2-year study. This study included species diversity and seasonal fluctuations as well as some biological aspects of common eriophyoid species. Three phytophagous species consisted of the fig bud mite Aceria ficus (Cotte), the fig leaf mite Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, representing a basic trophic level, were fed upon by three of predacious mites (Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor), Amblyselus swirskii Athias-Henriot, Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez). Population abundance of the injurious mites were affected by the prevailing climatic conditions, action of predators and leaf age. A control measure of one summer pesticide (abamectin) application throughout the year seemed to be the most successful management of harmful mites. Life table parameters showed that the population of A. ficus multiplied 28.52 times in a generation time of 17.90 days, while R. ficifoliae population increased 16.50 times in a generation time of 14.61 days. Field and laboratory studies indicated that the viviparity is a typical character in the reproduction of R. ficifoliae.  相似文献   

7.
The toxicity of four concentrations (1, 5, 10 and 20% w/v) of an aqueous extract from the weed, Clerodendrum viscosum Ventenat (Verbenaceae) was investigated under field conditions of the North Bengal University, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India for managing two major pests of tea, Camellia sinensis (L), namely the tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse, (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the tea red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner, (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Four field trials, two for red spider mite and two for tea mosquito bug, were conducted during April–May 2008 and October–November 2009 following a Randomized Block design. The aqueous extract of C. viscosum effectively and significantly reduced the mite population as well as infestation of tea mosquito bug by 68–95% and 73–86%, respectively, and their bioefficacy is comparable to synthetic and neem pesticides. No phytotoxic effect (score 0–5% and grade 1) was observed in the tea bushes sprayed with different doses of aqueous extract of C. viscosum in the field. Made tea samples were taint free. Organoleptic test revealed leaf-infusions and liquor strength as good, scoring 6.5–7.0 on a 10 point scale. Availability and distribution of this weed (C. viscosum) in and around tea-growing areas of sub Himalayan region, along with its processing for the feasibility of including C. visosum extracts in the current IPM programme is discussed.  相似文献   

8.
A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of host species of deciduous fruit trees, like apple, peach, plum, cherry and apricot, on the development and reproduction of the hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher in the laboratory under conditions of 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16 h: 8 h light: dark. This was done by determining the duration of each life stage of the mites, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r m ), mean generation time (T) and net reproductive rate (R 0) of the spider mites on each of the host plant species. Differences in life table parameters of the spider mite among host plants were analyzed with the jack-knife method. The results indicated that plum might be the best suitable plant for the spider mite among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period and higher intrinsic rate of increase, whereas cherry and apricot were least suitable due to their long developmental duration and low intrinsic rates of increase. When the spider mites were transferred from apple to other fruit trees, negative effects on developmental duration, fecundity and life table parameters were found in the first generation, but the effects faded out in succeeding generations. When transferred onto plum and peach, the spider mite adapted to the new hosts in the second generation; however, on cherry and apricot, it adapted in the third generation. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 27(7) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 27(7)]  相似文献   

9.
Studies on development of a sampling strategy for the complex species of leafhoppers, Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) and Empoasca decipiens Paoli within glabrous cotton Çukurova 1518 were done in Adana province, Turkey during 2003–2005. The nymphs showed aggregated distribution pattern, but adults regularly distributed on cotton plants with different ages. The leafhoppers were aggregated on the lower leaves of plants with 9 main stem node (MSN). As plants grew to 12 MSN, they typically moved upwards away from damaged lower leaves to less damaged leaves in the middle stratum. The best MSN leaf to sample nymphs or adults of the leafhoppers was the 8th from the apex, when plants had 9–15 MSN. The population density of leafhoppers strongly affected the numbers of leaf samples required. Numbers of samples needed to estimate the densities with 3, 5, and 10 nymphs per leaf sample at the 20% precision level in 0.3 ha area were 33, 12, and 3, respectively. Population densities of the leafhoppers were significantly lower in the early morning (0530–0700 or 0730–0800 h) than those found in other times of a day. This study suggests that leafhoppers could be sample in any time of a day after 0800 h, preferably 1800–1900 h, in June–July period in the Mediterranean region.  相似文献   

10.
居竹伪角蚜种群的年动态变化及调节因子   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以孝顺竹第1年生受害新竹为观察对象,对居竹伪角蚜的种群动态及主要天敌、气候等生态因子进行调查,结果发现:竹蚜5月中下旬始发生于2008年新笋基部,随着若蚜的迁移扩散至整个竹丛,其种群密度在2008年的8-9月达到最高峰,随后下降,2009年3月初种群密度开始上升,直至新竹第1年生长发育结束.1～4龄若蚜全年同时发生,种群中2个龄期段密度的比例(3～4龄:1～2龄)从2008年的10月初至2009年3月中旬的平均值为0.912,而其余月份的平均值在0.5左右.竹蚜3种主要天敌的发生时间具有一定的规律性,其中食蚜蝇发生高峰期在2008年的3-5月,赤星瓢虫发生高峰期为2008年的8-9月,蚜灰蝶在全年中存在2个高峰期,分别为2008年的7-8月和2008年11月-2009年2月.蚜灰蝶可全年在竹杆上取食竹蚜,赤星瓢虫和食蚜蝇从2008年12月中旬至翌年2月底以成虫藏于箨叶或竹丛周围的杂草中越冬.降雨对蚜虫种群密度有一定影响,连续数天的强降雨能基本清除竹丛8.33％～20％的受害株上的蚜虫.  相似文献   

11.
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a phytophagous pest that can cause significant yield losses in many agricultural crops, including fruits, cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals. To date, 3877 host species have been reported around the world in both outdoor crops and greenhouses. In this paper, we present the common methods to control this pest including chemical and biological practices. While synthetic acaricides have been widely used to manage T. urticae, in recent years, interest in pesticides derived from plants has increased considerably as a result of environmental concerns and pest population resistance to conventional pesticides. Some botanical pesticides can be easily produced, are relatively efficient against pests, and with few exceptions, their mammalian toxicity and persistence in the environment is low. Thus, the use of plant extracts appears to be a promising alternative strategy for pest management. The present paper reviews studies on the biocidal activities of plant extracts, including essential oils, against T. urticae, a plant-feeding mite found worldwide and a serious agricultural and home garden pest.  相似文献   

12.
The research into the side effect of fungicides used in the control of the most serious disease in apples (Venturia inaequalis) i. e. the research into the influence of fungicides on the population of phytophagous mites, was carried out at Nedeli??e (North-West Croatia) during 1997 and 1998. The study is related to the population of the mites most present in apple orchards, such as red spider mite (Pananychus ulmi) and other mites (Aculus schlechtendali andTetranychus urticae). Fungicides which are known to be effective against scab, i. e.Venturia inaequalis, and used in fruit production in Croatia, were tested in order to investigate their secondary properties which have not yet been studied. The following fungicides were used: cyprodinil, dodine, dichlofluanid + bitertanol (as tank mix), and kresoxim-methyl. The tests were repeated three times; the application time was determined by monitoring the conditions for infection. The treatments were done curatively, i. e. up to 96 h after the onset of infection conditions. The mite population was estimated by the pressing method, which yielded the average number of mites per leaf. All the results were statistically processed by variance analysis and by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, and are presented graphically and in tables. The paper also presents graphically the climatic conditions, scab infections and application time. The research over two years have shown a pronounced suppressive effect of dichlofluanid + bitertanol on populations of phytophagous mites, while the other fungicides used in the research had a neutral effect on the mite papulation.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Most of the crops in Southern Somalia suffer from a heavy attack of insect pests. Contrary, the importance of diseases is in general less at least during the dry seasons. This was stated during a survey of the author in 1963. Bananas are infested by scale insects, especiallyAspidiotus destructor and white grubs (Schizonycha spp.) which damage the roots. The so-called sigatoka disease shows some importance on certain varieties. The stainer bugDysdercus cardinalis and the bollwormsPlatyedra gossypiella andDiparopsis watersi are major pests of cotton. Numerous other cotton pests were not very harmful during the time of the survey. Maize proved to be badly attacked by stemborers mainly the pyralid mothChilo zonellus. The same species plays an important part as a pest of sorghum where it is frequently associated withSesamia cretica. The weaver birdQuelea quelea aethiopica causes damage in certain areas during the wet seasons. Among the sorghum diseases,Sphacelotheca spp. andTolyposporium spp. are important. Sugarcane is attacked by the mealy bugSaccharicoccus sacchari. The pyralid mothAntigastra catalaunalis is a very common pest of sesame. Major diseases of the same crop are caused by a leafcurl virus and the bacteriumXanthomonas sesami. Roots and pods of groundnuts are infested by the mealy bugDysmicoccus brevipes. Coconut palms suffer from the damage of rhino beetles (Oryctes monoceros) and scale insects (Aspidiotus destructor). Citrus shows mostly a heavy infestation by scale insects (Parlatoria spp.,Lepidosaphes spp.) and aphids (Toxoptera aurantii). The same applias to guava and sweet sop. Mealy bugs and other scale insects suck in considerable numbers on the fruits and other parts of these plants. Spider mites are important pests of papaya leaves which are also infested on many localites by a mildew disease. Among the vegetables, tomatoes show frequently an infestation by a very harmful leafcurl virus.   相似文献   

14.
Oliet  J.  Planelles  R.  López Arias  M.  Artero  F. 《New Forests》2002,23(1):31-44
The capacity of Aleppo pine (Pinus halpensis Mill.) seedlings to overcome the planting shock in dry conditions was assessed by firstly studying the survival and water status during the first year after planting in relation to soil water content. In spite of receiving only 177 mm rainfall during the year studied, survival of planted Aleppo pine was very high (88.5%). Soil water during summer months (after receiving 67 mm rainfall in winter and spring) was only available at 30–60 cm depth, with tension values of –1.1 and –1.3 MPa in July and August respectively; in these conditions, July predawn xylem water potential measured was –2.5 MPa, and midday potential was –3.6 MPa. According to different authors, these values don't jeopardize the survival of Aleppo pine. In addition, acclimation of outplanted seedlings to environmental conditions was followed by comparing their water relations with those of naturally regenerated seedlings on the site. Predawn and midday xylem water potential showed differences in favour of outplanted seedlings since June, indicating an adjustment to this dry site. Compared to naturally regenerated trees, nursery grown stock of the same age before field planting had much more biomass and higher N and P concentrations and contents; although shoot:root balance and Dickson quality index were not significantly different. Finally, planted seedlings acclimation level during first year was also evaluated by Transplant Stress Index, which value (–0.1278) indicated a slight planting impact.  相似文献   

15.
The ethanol extracts obtained from both leaf and seed in the Thorn apple (Datura stramonium L.) (Solanaceae) were investigated for acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent properties against adult two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory conditions. Leaf and seed extracts, which were applied in 167,250 and 145,750 mg/l concentrations, respectively (using a Petri leaf disc-spray tower method), caused 98 and 25% mortality among spider mite adults after 48 h. The simple logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variable, an increase in the dose of leaf extract was associated with a significant increase in the death rate of T. urticae females, but an increase in the dosage of seed extracts did not have a significant effect. Using probit analysis and estimating the parameters with a confidence limit of 95%, we determined the LC50 values of leaf extract to be 70,593 mg/l. According to Pearson’s χ2 test, mites showed the strongest run off to bean leaf surfaces sprayed with both leaf and seed extracts (in sub-lethal doses: <7,500 mg/l and <25,000 mg/l, respectively) and moved towards surfaces that had not been sprayed with extracts. Furthermore, repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the number of eggs laid on unsprayed bean leaves compared to bean leaves that were sprayed with leaf and seed extracts at sub-lethal doses, 2,500 and 25,000 mg/l concentrations, respectively. These results suggest that D. stramonium extracts could be used to manage the two-spotted spider mite.  相似文献   

16.
Fifteen eriophyid mite species are the most abundant species in the Czech Republic from which four, viz.Eriophyes fraxinivorus onFraxinus excelsior, E. platanoideus onAcer platanoides, Phytoptus pyri onPyrus communis andStenacis triradiatus on various species ofSalix injure their host plants and are evaluated as pests. The weight of the leaves attacked by eriophyid mites increase with increasing number of galls pro leaf but the surface of attacked leaves decrease with increasing attack. Harmfulness of eriophyid mites manifests by reducing of assimilation processes, retardation of growth, precocious drying and fall-off of attacked leaves. Heavily attacked young shrubs and trees may dry and decease.With one figure and 2 tables  相似文献   

17.
Caraway (Carum carvi L.) belongs to the traditional crops which have been grown in Bohemia since the end of the 19th century. Depressaria daucella (Denis and Schiffermüller) and Aceria carvi Nal. are two main pests of caraway in the Czech Republic. The latter becomes a serious problem in major caraway-growing areas. So far, no effective method for its control is known. The aim of this paper is to describe the phenology of symptoms of A. carvi infestation and damage caused by this pest. Our observation revealed that although A. carvi overwinters hidden within leaves of young caraway plants, the first symptoms are usually not visible before the start of flowering. Though the initial density of the pest is low, the mite population multiplies during the season when the pest attacks plant tissues and causes development of galls on leaves and flowers. Comparison of healthy plants and plants infested by A. carvi showed that infested plants had significantly more umbels but produced far fewer seeds, and the yield of caraway was thus substantially decreased. Recommendations for crop management methods to suppress the pest are given.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at  相似文献   

18.
With the view of protecting the environment from pesticide contamination the author has elaborated an agrotechnical control method againstA. rosae larvae. The method consists in essentials of ploughing in the rape plants emerging from seeds shed at the time of harvesting only at the end of July —beginning of August. The 1 st summer generation ofA. rosae flies at the beginning of July and lays the eggs onto the young seedlings. Ploughing in the plants at the end of July or beginning of August destroys the developing larva population, no swarming of the 2nd summer generation at the end of August —bebinning of September does come about. Chemical control in autumn otherwise due almost every year will not thus beneeded. Furthermore, the plants ploughed in act as a green manure causing increase in the volume of wheat yield.  相似文献   

19.
The cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom., Aleyrodidae) is increasingly a very important pest on many vegetables, field crops and ornamental plants. Therefore, controlling of this pest is still needed especially under glasshouse conditions. The specialist whiteflies’ predator, Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Col., Coccinellidae) appears to have a great potential for the cotton whitefly control. In this study, the dynamic changes in B. tabaci populations in glasshouse cabins in response to S. parcesetosum were monitored. B. tabaci were introduced to cotton plants in three cabins in average of 50 adults per plant. One and two weeks later, adult females and males of S. parcesetosum were introduced at a rate of one female and one male per plant in the first and second cabins, respectively. The third cabin was considered as a control. The results showed that the mean number of whiteflies in the control cabin was found significantly higher than that of either when S. parcesetosum was introduced 1 or 2 weeks after the infestation with the whitefly. Also, the mean number of B. tabaci was significantly higher when the predator was introduced 2 weeks rather than 1 week after B. tabaci infestation. The maximum mean weekly number of whiteflies/plant was 192.3 in the second week, whereas it was 294.6 in the third week and 1136.4 in the fifth week, in first, second and control cabins, respectively. In the last experimental week, the mean weekly numbers were 74.7, 122.9 and 684.7 whiteflies/plant in the three cabins, respectively. S. parcesetosum has been successfully fed, reproduced and established its population on B. tabaci on cotton plants. The mean weekly number of the predatory individuals increased gradually with the progress of the experimental time. The results demonstrated that the maximum reduction percentage in B. tabaci population was 90.7 and 86.5% in the fifth week after B. tabaci infestation, when the predator was introduced 1 and 2 weeks after the infestation with the whiteflies, respectively. Nevertheless, it is speculated that an earlier release of S. parcesetosum would be more effective in the biological control of B. tabaci.  相似文献   

20.
Two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) and onion thrips are serious pests of potatoes in the Ardabil region (Iran). In the present study, anthocorid species were identified in potato fields of this region during 2006 and 2007. The results of the abundance study indicate that Orius niger (Wolff) and O. minutus (Linnaeus) are major predators of these pests in potato fields. The life table parameters of these predators were compared when they were fed 2nd instar larvae of onion thrips or female TSSM on potato leaves. In these experiments, O. niger had a lower nymphal mortality, longer oviposition period, higher net reproductive rate (R 0), and higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m ) when fed thrips instead of mites. O. minutus feeding on mites compare to thrips had a lower nymphal mortality, longer oviposition period, higher net reproductive rate, and higher intrinsic rate of natural increase. Based on these results, it can be concluded that these predators could be useful as biological agents in potato fields.  相似文献   

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