共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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行间覆膜栽培对大豆根际土壤微生物区系和土壤肥力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解大豆行间覆膜栽培增产的产量生理基础,以高光效大豆品种黑农40为材料,进行了行间覆膜和不覆膜处理,对行间覆膜栽培大豆根际土壤微生物区系和土壤肥力进行了研究.结果表明:行间覆膜并没有改变土壤根际微生物主要的三大类群种类的变化,仍是细菌总量最高,其次为放线菌、真菌数量最少.覆膜比不覆膜增加了大豆根际十壤微生物总量,细菌、放线菌、真菌增量高峰期分别出现在R1、R2、R1时期,总数量高峰出现在V2期;覆膜比不覆膜增加了大豆根际土壤微生物生物碳含量,覆膜栽培大豆各生育时期速率N、速效P、速效K的含量高于不覆膜(CK).因此,行间覆膜栽培增产的产量生理基础之一,是提高了大豆根际土壤微生物数量和生物碳的含最,促进了土壤养分转化,促进了大豆牛长发育,提高了大豆群体光能利用效率,导致提高了产量. 相似文献
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通过盆栽试验,研究了在淹水灌溉和湿润灌溉条件下蚓粪施用对土壤理化性质及水稻积累镉的影响。结果表明,湿润灌溉下土壤p H值高于淹水灌溉,蚓粪加速了淹水灌溉下土壤Eh值的下降;淹水灌溉下土壤Fe2+含量显著高于湿润灌溉,蚓粪的施用进一步提高了土壤Fe2+含量;与不施蚓粪相比,淹水灌溉下施用蚓粪显著降低了土壤DTPA-Cd含量,但总体上仍高于同期湿润灌溉。当灌溉方式相同时,糙米中镉的含量随蚓粪施用量的增加而下降;同等蚓粪施用量下,淹水灌溉较湿润灌溉更能有效降低镉在糙米中的积累。 相似文献
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不同灌溉方式对水稻产量及产量构成因子的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过多年不同灌溉试验,研究了不同灌溉方式对水稻产量及产量构成因子的影响。结果表明,常规淹水灌溉栽培使水稻分蘖高峰期提前,分蘖增多,株高增高;节水灌溉栽培、极度节水灌溉栽培使水稻分蘖高峰期后移,分蘖减少,株高降低,生育期推迟。在常规淹水灌溉、节水灌溉、极度节水灌溉三种灌溉栽培下平均穗长递减。常规淹水灌溉栽培、节水灌溉栽培对水稻单位面积收获穗数和平均每穗实粒数影响不大;极度节水灌溉栽培对水稻单位收获穗数和平均每穗实粒数影响较大。节水灌溉栽培、极度节水灌溉栽培使水稻平均千粒重和平均结实率较高;常规淹水灌溉栽培反而使水稻千粒重和结实率降低。常规淹水灌溉栽培、节水灌溉栽培条件下水稻平均产量接近,说明水稻在栽培过程中适度的节水,对产量没有影响;极度节水灌溉栽培条件下水稻平均产量较低,说明节水过度对水稻的产量影响很大,降低了水分利用效率,反而成为低效用水。 相似文献
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水稻不同生育期的土壤微生物量和酶活性的变化 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
研究了全生育期淹水栽培条件下，水稻不同生长阶段的土壤微生物生物量C、土壤微生物生物量N、呼吸作用强度、代谢商、土壤酶活性及水稻叶绿素、脯氨酸、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的变化特征。随着水稻生长，土壤微生物生物量C、土壤微生物生物量N、呼吸作用强度表现为先升后降，到成熟期有所回升的变化规律，且在水稻不同生育阶段差异显著，而土壤微生物代谢商一直下降。土壤脲酶活性表现为先升后降，而酸性磷酸酶与脱氢酶活性则表现为先降后升再降的变化规律。脲酶及酸性磷酸酶活性在水稻移栽后的30 d左右形成峰值，而脱氢酶活性则在50 d左右形成峰值，且在水稻不同生育阶段差异显著。随着水稻生长，水稻叶片中的叶绿素含量表现为先降后升的变化规律，在移栽后70 d左右形成峰值，然后急剧下降，POD的活性则表现为逐渐增强，而脯氨酸含量表现为逐渐下降，不过上述水稻生理指标与土壤各生物化学指标间不存在显著的相关性。试验结果表明在水稻 土壤 微生物相互作用的体系中，土壤微生物量和酶活性明显受到水稻生长发育的影响。 相似文献
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淹水和风干过程对水稻土磷吸附、解吸及有效磷的影响（英文） 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在室内研究了淹水和风干过程对两种水稻土磷吸附、解吸及有效磷的影响。结果表明,淹水过程明显增加土壤对磷的吸附,降低磷解吸和有效磷,而淹水后的风干过程则可显著减少土壤磷吸附,提高磷解吸量和有效磷含量。微生物对磷的矿化或活化作用是淹水土壤风干过程提高土壤有效磷的主要原因之一。建议在评价磷对水稻的有效性时应采用新鲜样品。 相似文献
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【目的】探讨增氧方式对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和土壤酶活性的影响。【方法】以中旱221(旱稻)、中浙优8号(水稻)和IR45765-3B(深水稻)为材料,研究微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉、干湿交替灌溉、淹水灌溉对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮,土壤氮代谢作用强度和土壤氮素转化相关酶活性的影响。【结果】微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和干湿交替灌溉可以显著提高稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮,中旱221、中浙优8号和IR45765-3B的增氧处理较淹水灌溉处理微生物生物量碳、氮分别增加了30.0%~46.1%和7.1%~92.1%,并且增氧处理降低了3个水稻品种的微生物量碳氮比;与淹水灌溉相比,微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和干湿交替灌溉有助于提高稻田土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、羟胺还原酶活性,降低硝酸还原酶活性和亚硝酸还原酶活性。【结论】微纳米气泡水增氧灌溉和干湿交替灌溉改善稻田土壤的氧化特性,提高土壤酶活性、微生物量碳、氮和硝化强度,有助于改善土壤环境和肥力状况,协调了C、N代谢的平衡。 相似文献
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全膜覆盖双垄集雨沟播种植马铃薯的效益分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在降雨量400 mm左右的原州区开城镇寇庄村,对晋薯7号进行了不同覆膜方式的研究,测定了0～20 cm土层地温和0～100 cm土壤含水量,以探索全膜覆盖双垄沟播栽培技术对土壤温度和含水量的影响。结果表明:在马铃薯生长的每一个时期,不同土壤深度的地温和有效积温总体表现为:秋季全膜双垄沟播栽培>顶凌全膜双垄沟播栽培>播期全膜双垄沟播栽培>秋季半膜栽培>顶凌半膜栽培>播期半膜栽培;不同处理土壤含水量是秋季覆膜栽培>顶凌覆膜栽培>播期覆膜栽培,全膜覆盖栽培>半膜覆盖栽培。播期半膜栽培马铃薯667 m2产量为1 436.9 kg,而秋季全膜覆盖双垄沟播栽培667 m2产量达到1 762.7 kg,增产效果非常显著。 相似文献
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于2009～2011年,在湖南长沙进行双季稻不同栽培方式（＂三定＂栽培、免耕摆栽、传统栽培）定位试验,研究了双季稻不同栽培方式对冬闲期稻田杂草生长及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：与传统栽培相比,＂三定＂栽培和免耕摆栽方式下冬闲期杂草的密度、单株干重和单位面积生物量以及土壤表层（0～5cm）的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均较高。其中,冬闲期杂草单位面积生物量、单株干重、单位面积密度与土壤表层碱解氮含量呈显著正相关关系,说明冬闲期杂草在双季稻稻田土壤养分循环中起了重要的作用。 相似文献
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生物可降解膜覆盖对机插水稻生长和稻米品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究并明确不同生态区生物可降解膜覆盖对机插水稻生长和稻米品质的影响,为实现水稻生态种植提供方法。【方法】以生产上大面积应用的五优稻4号、鄂早18及甬优538为试验材料,在北方单季稻、南方早稻及单季稻三种种植类型中设置生物可降解膜覆盖处理及不覆膜处理,研究不同生态区水稻生物可降解膜覆盖机插对土壤温度、水稻生长和稻米品质的影响。【结果】1)增温效果：北方覆膜水稻增温效果更好,增温效应主要集中在生育前期,特别是在移栽到穗分化期这段时间。与对照相比,土壤日平均增温2.76℃;2)生育期变化：南北方覆膜水稻均缩短了水稻生育期,北方覆膜水稻提前7 d成熟,南方两种种植方式覆膜处理均提前3 d;3)叶龄：无论南北方覆膜均能促进水稻叶片生长,增加出叶速率,在生育前期北方覆膜水稻的出叶数比对照多0.6~0.9叶;4)株高：南北方覆膜水稻均降低水稻株高,北方覆膜水稻显著降低了5.7cm;5)茎蘖数:北方单季稻覆膜处理促进了水稻分蘖的早发快长,与对照相比,显著提高有效茎蘖数35.7万个/hm2;6)干物质积累量：北方覆膜水稻在穗分化期、齐穗期及成熟期干物质积累量均显著大于对照,南方覆膜早稻在成熟期的干物质积累显著大于对照;南方单季稻在齐穗期的干物质积累显著小于对照;7)增产效果：南北方覆膜水稻都有显著增产效果,北方增产效果更好,增产达到了8.7%,南方早稻增产7.9%,南方单季稻增产4.1%;8)稻米品质：北方覆膜水稻显著提高了糙米率、精米率及蛋白质含量;南方单季稻覆膜处理显著提高了整精米率,南方早稻也得到相同结果,但未达到显著水平。【结论】生物可降解膜覆盖机插种植模式在两个生态区均能促进水稻的生长发育,提高水稻产量;对于稻米品质,北方覆膜水稻提高了稻米加工品质,而食味品质下降,南方覆膜水稻提高了加工品质,而外观品质变劣;将南北覆膜水稻进行比较发现,生物可降解膜覆盖机插种植模式对北方水稻有更好的促进生长作用及增产效果,并且降低了水稻覆膜生产中塑料薄膜对环境的污染,为水稻绿色优质生产提供新的途径。 相似文献
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垄畦栽培水稻的产量、品质效应及其生理生态基础 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
以杂交稻协优9308和粳稻丙98110为材料,初步研究了垄畦栽培水稻产量、品质效应及其生理生态基础。与常规栽培相比,垄畦栽培时日温差(尤其是5～10 cm土层)、5 cm深处土层的氧化还原电位大于常规栽培。垄畦栽培水稻的加工品质、外观品质好, 水稻分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多,上层根量大;其株高、穗长、分蘖成穗率小于常规栽培水稻,单位面积穗数、结实率、千粒重则高于常规栽培水稻。垄畦栽培水稻的抽穗期和齐穗期的叶绿素含量和光合速率、灌浆后期叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量与常规栽培水稻无显著差异。垄畦栽培水稻的产量,协优9308显著高于常规栽培水稻,丙98110则无显著差异。 相似文献
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Variation in rice quality of different cultivars and grain positions as affected by water management 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Wangda Cheng Guoping Zhang Guoping Zhao Haigen Yao Haiming Xu 《Field Crops Research》2003,80(3):245-252
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of cultivar and grain position on rice quality under different water management treatments. Water treatments significantly affected all quality traits in the study, except alkali digestibility (AD). There were significant interactions of water treatment by grain position and genotype for brown rice rate (BRR), chalky grain rate (CGR) and amylose content (AC), and interactions of grain position by water treatment and cultivar for head milled rice rate (HMRR). The interaction of water treatment by genotype for protein content (PC) was also significant. Of all variance components, water treatment ranked the highest for PC. Similarly grain position was ranked the highest for AC, BRR, CGR and HMRR. In comparison with wet cultivation, plastic-film mulched cultivation had significantly lower BRR, HMRR, CGR and higher PC. There were marked differences in milled quality, appearance and AD among differently positioned grains within a spike. For appearance and PC, the difference between plastic-film mulched cultivation and wet cultivation was greater for upland rice than paddy rice. For milled and cooking–eating quality, the difference between plastic-film mulched cultivation and wet cultivation was greater for the good quality paddy rice than the upland rice and the poor quality paddy rice. In plastic-film mulched cultivation, top grains showed lower milled quality and PC. While in wet cultivation, the opposite result was seen. With the decrease in soil water content, BRR and appearance showed increased and decreased differences among grains within a spike, respectively. The results indicate the possibility of improving rice quality by use of better water management and suitable cultivars. 相似文献
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ZENG Lu-sheng LIAO Min CHEN Cheng-li HUANG Chang-yong 《水稻科学》2005,12(4):283-288
A pot experiment was conducted under submerged conditions with hybrid rice Zhenong 7 to study the variation in the soil microbial biomass carbon （Cmic）, soil microbial biomass nitrogen （Nmic）, soil respiration rate, soil microbial metabolic quotient, soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, proline content and peroxidase activity （POD） in rice leaf at different growth stages. The soil Cmic, Nmic and soil respiration rate significantly increased at the early stage and then declined during rice growth, but ascended slightly at maturity. However, soil metabolic quotient declined at all the stages. Soil urease activity increased at first and then decreased, while acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities descended before ascended and then descended again. Soil urease activity and acid phosphatase activity showed a peak value at the tillering stage about 30 days after rice transplanting, but the peak value of dehydrogenase activity emerged at about 50 days after rice transplanting and the three soil enzymatic activities were significantly different at the different developmental stages. As rice growing, chlorophyll content in rice leaf descended at the early stage then ascended and a peak value appeared at about the 70th after rice transplanting, after that declined drastically, while POD activity increased gradually, but proline content declined gradually. There was a slight relation between rice physiological indices and soil biochemical indices, which indicated that soil biochemical characteristics were affected significantly by rice growth in the interaction system of the rice. soil and microorganisms. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2006,95(1):1-12
A new water-saving ‘Ground Cover Rice Production System’ (GCRPS) was evaluated in 2001 and 2002 near Beijing, North China. Using GCRPS, lowland rice was cultivated without a standing water layer during the entire growth period and plots were irrigated when soil water tension was below 15 kPa (approximately 90% water holding capacity). In order to prevent soil evaporation, the soil surface was covered with 14 μm thick plastic film (GCRPSPlastic) or mulched with straw (GCRPSStraw). In a third GCRPS treatment the soil was left uncovered (GCRPSBare). These treatments were compared with lowland rice cultivated under traditional paddy conditions (Paddy control). In an additional treatment with bare soil, one aerobic rice variety was cultivated. Compared to Paddy control, only 32–54% of irrigation water was applied in GCRPS treatments. Plants in GCRPS were smaller, developed fewer panicles and had a smaller leaf area index compared to Paddy control. Yield was significantly less in GCRPSBare and GCRPSStraw compared to Paddy control in both years, while yield in GCRPSPlastic was only 8% less than the Paddy control yield in 2002. Water-use efficiency (WUE, gram grain yield per litre water input) in GCRPSPlastic was higher (0.35) than in Paddy control (0.23). Grain yield was highly significantly correlated with maximum leaf area index and leaf area index duration. Among yield components, the number of productive tillers had the greatest positive effect on yield, while the number of grains per panicle, thousand-grain weight and harvest index remained almost unaffected. Under uncovered condition, the aerobic rice variety had a significantly higher harvest index (HI), yield, and WUE compared to the lowland rice variety (GCRPSBare). The experiment demonstrates that GCRPS has potential to save substantial amounts of water at relatively minor yield penalties, if stress factors such as low soil temperature, water deficit, and nutrient deficiencies during the vegetative growth stage are avoided by suitable management practices. 相似文献
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为明确不同施氮水平下生物可降解膜覆盖对机插水稻生长和产量的影响,2019年和2020年在中国水稻研究所富阳试验基地开展大田试验,设置普通机插条件下0及13 kg/667 m2两个氮肥水平,生物可降解膜覆盖机插种植下13 kg/667 m2和 11 kg/667 m2 两个氮肥水平。结果表明,相同施氮量下,与不覆膜相比,覆膜机插水稻产量2019年和2020年分别增加6.1%和2.6%,成熟期干物质积累量分别增加17.4%和5.3%;在覆膜机插条件下,氮肥减施15%,与氮肥不减施处理相比水稻产量及干物质积累量差异不大,但氮肥偏生产力显著提高,说明覆膜机插在保障一定产量的条件下,能够减少氮肥施用,避免过量施肥造成环境污染,为水稻稳产和绿色高效提供一种新的种植方式。 相似文献
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不同土壤水分含量对水稻水分利用特征的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用控制土壤水分含量的盆栽实验,研究了土壤水分含量对水稻水分利用特性的影响。结果表明,常规水作累积耗水量显著高于覆膜未淹水处理,但稍低于覆膜淹水处理;覆膜轻度水分胁迫或无胁迫处理不仅能够维持和提高产量,水分利用效率也有所提高。随着土壤水分含量的降低,全生育期水稻累积耗水量、各生育期耗水量及耗水强度逐渐降低,且田间持水量与全生育期累积耗水量呈极显著二次曲线相关。无水分胁迫覆膜处理下拔节孕穗期耗水量及模比系数高于其他生育期,其他处理耗水量和模比系数在乳熟期最高。随着土壤水分含量降低,抽穗开花期前各生育期水稻耗水模比系数有降低趋势,其后则有升高趋势;耗水强度下降;有效穗数和实粒数减少,产量逐渐降低,水分生产率先上升后下降。水稻产量与水分利用率具有显著二次曲线相关性。 相似文献