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1.
Ketoconazole (Nizoral, Janssen Pharmaceutica) a new systemic antimycotic was tested in dermatomycosis in cats and dogs. The daily dose (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered for 10 or 20 days without any other measures being taken. After the 20-day treatments new hair growth was observed in 96.7 per cent of the cats and 89.9 per cent of the dogs. Clinical cure was complete in 96.8 per cent of the cats and 90.5 per cent of the dogs. Particularly the good tolerance in the cat was appreciated. There were practically no side-effects in dogs (except vomiting in two pups) or in cats.  相似文献   

2.
A new automated affinity chromatographic method for determining glycated haemoglobin (GHb) in dogs and cats was tested. The method appeared to be practical, quick and accurate. The reference range, calculated on the basis of 50 healthy dogs and 43 healthy cats, lay between 2·4 and 3·4 per cent in dogs and 2·0 and 2·9 per cent in cats. Concentrations were not influenced by age or gender. GHb levels obtained for 21 dogs and 18 cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than those of the control animals, ranging from 4·5 to 8·6 per cent (median 6·1) in dogs and from 2·7 to 6·0 per cent (median 3.8 per cent) in cats. The GHb levels in 31 normoglycaemic dogs with anaemia ranged from 2·3 to 4·3 per cent (median 3·3 per cent), and those of 22 normogiycaemic cats with anaemia from 2·6 to 3·9 per cent (median 3·2 per cent); both sets of levels were significantly elevated compared to control group values. GHb concentrations in animals with polycythaemia, azotaemia or liver disease showed no significant deviations from the control group; in individual cases they were slightly elevated compared to the reference range. The automated measuring method employed can be used to determine GHb in dogs and cats. Anaemic animals should generally be excluded from the GHb determination.  相似文献   

3.
During 2005, 31 uk veterinary practices participated in a survey of flea infestation, during which 2653 dogs and 1508 cats were examined for evidence of flea infestation and skin disease compatible with flea allergy dermatitis (fad). The prevalence of flea infestation in the cats was 21.09 per cent, significantly (P<0.001) higher than in the dogs (6.82 per cent). The prevalence of skin lesions compatible with fad in the cats (8.02 per cent) was also significantly (P<0.001) higher than in the dogs (3.32 per cent). Flea infestations were more common in households with cats and with more than one pet. Of 467 fleas identified from the cats, 462 (98.93 per cent) were Ctenocephalides felis, one was Ctenocephalides canis, one was Archaeopsylla erinacei, two were Pulex irritans, and one was Spilopsyllus cuniculi. Of 336 fleas identified from the dogs, 313 (93.15 per cent) were C felis, five were C Canis, 12 were A erinacei, five were P irritans, and one was Ceratophyllus (Nosophyllus) fasciatus. Almost half of the owners of the dogs and cats were unaware of their pet's flea infestation. The overall prevalence of fleas and/or skin lesions that could potentially be compatible with fad was 7.46 per cent in the dogs and 22.28 per cent in the cats.  相似文献   

4.
Rectal swabs or faecal samples for the isolation of Campylobacter species were taken from 120 dogs and cats in an animal shelter in which only one kitten showed signs of gastrointestinal disease, and rectal swabs were taken from 46 dogs, 22 of which showed signs of gastrointestinal disease, in another shelter. At the first shelter, the swabs from 24 of 47 dogs (51.1 per cent) and 36 of 48 cats (75 per cent) yielded a Campylobacter species. The rate of isolation was significantly higher from dogs and cats less than six months old, and significantly higher from cats than from dogs (P< or =0.05). At the second shelter Campylobacter species were isolated from 40 of 46 dogs (87 per cent), but there was no significant difference between the age groups. Campylobacter species were isolated from 19 (86.4 per cent) of the 22 dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease and from 21 (87.5 per cent) of the 24 unaffected dogs. Several culture methods were applied to the samples collected from both shelters, and the combination significantly increased the recovery of Campylobacter species.  相似文献   

5.
Pasteurella sp. were isolated from tonsillar swabs obtained from 100 dogs and 100 cats; isolation rates were 92 per cent and 99 per cent respectively. Isolates were identified according to recent taxonomic data. P. multocida subsp. multocida and subsp. septica were common in cats but not in dogs. P. canis was common in both dogs and cats. Compared with strains from dogs, those from cats were more pathogenic for mice. Many of the species isolated are considered potential human pathogens.  相似文献   

6.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been reported to occur commonly in dogs with signs of chronic intestinal disease. There are usually few intestinal histological changes, and it is uncertain to what extent bacteria cause mucosal damage. The aim of this study was to apply a differential sugar absorption test for intestinal permeability and function to the objective assessment of intestinal damage in dogs with SIBO. Studies were performed on 63 dogs with signs of chronic small and, or, large bowel disease, in which SIBO (greater than 105 total or greater than 104 anaerobic colony forming units/ml) was diagnosed by quantitative culture of duodenal juice obtained endoscopically. None of the dogs had evidence of intestinal pathogens, parasites, systemic disease or pancreatic insufficiency. Differential sugar absorption was performed by determining the ratios of urinary recoveries of lactulose/rhamnose (L/R ratio, which reflects permeability) and D-xylose/3-O-methylglucose (X/G ratio, which reflects intestinal absorptive function) following oral administration. Dogs with SIBO comprised 28 different breeds, including 18 German shepherd dogs. SIBO was aerobic in 18/63 dogs (29 per cent), and anaerobic in 45/63 (71 per cent). Histological examination of duode-nal biopsies showed no abnormalities in 75 per cent, and mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltrates in 25 per cent of the dogs. The L/R ratio was increased (greater than 0–12) in 52 per cent, and the X/G ratio reduced (less than 0–60) in 33 per cent of the dogs. Differential sugar absorption was repeated in 11 dogs after their four weeks of oral antibiotic therapy. The L/R ratio declined in all 11 dogs (mean ± SD pre: 0–24 ± 0–14; post: 0–16 ± 0–11; P<0–05), but changes in the X/G ratio were more variable. These findings show that SIBO is commonly associated with mucosal damage, not detected on histological examination of intestinal biopsies, and that changes in intestinal permeability following oral antibiotics may be used to monitor response to treatment.  相似文献   

7.
The influence of various pathological conditions on fructosamine levels in normoglycaemic dogs and cats was investigated. The most frequent and most pronounced deviations were found in animals with hypoproteinaemia, in which fructosamine was significantly lower than in the controls. In 66 per cent of the dogs and 67 per cent of the cats with hypoproteinaemia the levels were below the reference range. In the dogs the concentration of fructosamine was correlated with the level of albumin, but in the cats it was correlated with the level of total protein. Dogs with hyperlipidaemia and azotaemia also had significantly lower levels of fructosamine; 38 per cent of those with hyperlipidaemia and 47 per cent of those with azotaemia had fructosamine levels outside the reference range. No significant changes in fructosamine were detected in dogs or cats with hyperproteinaemia or hyperbilirubinaemia, or in cats with hyperlipidaemia or azotaemia.  相似文献   

8.
Objective The objective of the research was to determine whether preservation of corneal tissue of dogs and cats in Optisol® GS (OGS, Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Irvine, CA, USA) is feasible for subsequent use in penetrating keratoplasty. Animals The study subjects were 33 dogs and 31 cats with no gross corneal pathology, which had been euthanised by pentobarbital overdose for reasons unrelated to this project. Procedure One cornea of each pair was evaluated immediately and the other was evaluated after storage in Optisol® GS for either 5, 10, 15 or 20 days. The most important criterion was the preservation of the endothelial cell layer. Results Corneoscleral tissue of cats survived longer, when preserved in Optisol® GS at 4 °C, than that of dogs. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed good preservation of the endothelial cell layer for up to 10 days in dogs and up to 15 days in cats.  相似文献   

9.
Ringworm is an uncommon disease of dogs, but cats, especially the longhaired breeds, are more frequently infected. Of the several dermatophytes involved, Microsporum canis causes 94 per cent of ringworm in cats and 65 per cent in dogs. This species is highly contagious for man but the true incidence of human infection is unknown. Ringworm caused by M canis usually responds readily to treatment, but when the infection establishes in a colony of cats, eradication can be difficult and expensive. Other forms of ringworm in dogs and cats are caused by dermatophytes acquired from wild animals, mainly small rodents such as mice and voles. This is an uncommon and trivial disease of cats, but some infections in dogs can be remarkably persistent and difficult to resolve.  相似文献   

10.
A full history of the management practices and the prevalence of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) at 218 rescue shelters, breeding establishments and private households with five or more cats was recorded. Oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken from 1748 cats. The prevalences of feline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), Chlamydophila felis and Bordetella bronchiseptica were determined by PCR on swab samples. An ELISA was applied to determine the prevalence of antibodies to B. bronchiseptica. The rates of detection by PCR of each pathogen in the cats in catteries with and without ongoing URTD were, respectively, FHV 16 per cent and 8 per cent; FCV 47 per cent and 29 per cent; C. felis 10 per cent and 3 per cent; and B. bronchiseptica 5 per cent and 1.3 per cent; the seroprevalences of B. bronchiseptica were 61 per cent and 41 per cent, respectively. There was evidence that FHV, FCV and B. bronchiseptica played a role in URTD. The risk factors associated with the disease were less than excellent hygiene, contact with dogs with URTD, and larger numbers of cats in the cattery or household.  相似文献   

11.
A survey was made of the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of dermatological conditions in small animals in general practice in the UK. Out of 3707 small animal consultations in general practice that were observed and recorded, 795 (21.4 per cent) involved animals that had a dermatological problem. In dogs and exotic species, pruritus was the most common presenting sign, accounting for 30 to 40 per cent of the dermatological consultations. In cats, cutaneous swellings were the most common presentation (36 per cent). A diagnosis or recommendation for treatment was made on the basis of the presenting clinical signs and physical examination alone in 576 (72 per cent) of the cases, and various diagnostic tests were performed in the other cases. In dogs, parasitic infestations, bacterial infections and neoplasia accounted for the majority of the diagnoses. In cats, parasites and bacterial infections were the most common. In exotic species, parasites accounted for over 80 per cent of the dermatological diagnoses. In dogs, the most common final diagnoses were otitis, pyoderma, anal sac impaction, flea infestation and atopic dermatitis. In cats, abscesses, flea infestation, and otitis were the most common diagnoses. In exotic species, the most common diagnosis was an unspecified mite infestation. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed in 196 cases (25 per cent), systemic glucocorticoids were prescribed in 162 cases (20 per cent) and treatment with an ectoparasiticide was prescribed in 167 cases (21 per cent).  相似文献   

12.
Enzootic dermatophytosis in a shelter with approximately 140 cats was treated according to a protocol combining identification, isolation and treatment of subclinical carrier and affected animals in accordance with a three‐area system: healthy animals (no lesions and negative cultures), subclinical carrier animals (no lesions but with positive cultures) and clinically affected animals (lesions and positive cultures). The cats were examined and inspected under a Wood’s lamp and had samples taken for fungal culture every 2 weeks. Thirty‐three per cent of the cats had a positive fungal culture at the start of the study. Clinically affected animals and carriers were treated with a 0.2% enilconazole lotion (Imaverol®) twice a week and given itraconazole (Itrafungol®) 5 mg/kg SID orally every other week. The environment was treated once a day with a 1% bleach solution and once a week with a 0.6% enilconazole (Clinafarm®) solution. Treated animals were considered cured after two consecutive negative fungal cultures. All cats were cured within 56 days. Prophylactic measures against dermatophytosis were implemented for new arrivals consisting of individual quarantine and the systematic taking of fungal cultures. No relapses were observed based on the fungal cultures taken from the animals and the environment over the first 10 months.  相似文献   

13.
The medical records of 12 cats presented with intussusception and diagnosed at the University of Sydney Veterinary Teaching Hospital and the Sylvania Veterinary Hospital were reviewed. Eleven cats were less than one year old at the time of diagnosis. No breed or sex predilections were determined. The most consistent clinical signs were anorexia (83 per cent), weight loss (83 per cent) and a palpable abdominal mass (92 per cent). Vomiting (58 per cent) and diarrhoea (50 per cent) were seen less frequently in these cats compared with the reported incidence of these signs in dogs. In 10 cats the intussusception was corrected surgically. Manual reduction was successful in three of the cats but six required end-to-end anastomosis following intestinal resection and in one cat a typhlectomy was performed. Postoperative ileus complicated recovery in three cases. Recurrence of the intussusception at a different site occurred in two of these cases. One cat with recurrence of intussusception died and the cat with ileus but not recurrence was euthanased one month after the original surgery.  相似文献   

14.
T-cell subsets were studied by flow cytometry in 58 feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-positive cats with naturally acquired FeLV infection to determine whether the changes in CD4+ or CD8+ T cell populations differed from those observed in 55 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-positive cats with naturally acquired FIV infection. The sole criterion for inclusion into the study was seropositivity. Mean (SD) CD4+ T cell values of FeLV positive cats were decreased to 31·1 (8·0) per cent and their CD8+ T cell values were increased to 22·8 (6·3) per cent in comparison with uninfected control cats (37·9 [9·5] per cent CD4+; 15·2 [6·3] per cent CD8+). The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was reduced to 1·5 (0·7), compared with 3·0 (1·5) in 39 FeLv- and FIV-negative control cats. Differences from control values were significant, but there was no significant difference between CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes of FeLV- versus FIV-infected cats. These findings indicate that FeLv and FIV have similar effects on T lymphocyte subsets. Both retrovirus infections can induce immunodeficiency, both viruses infect a broad range of lymphohaemopoietic cells, despite having different primary target cells, and can induce the killing of lymphocytic cells in vitro. It is concluded that a decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio is not restricted to FIV infections but may also occur in FeLv infection.  相似文献   

15.
The prevalence of A, B and AB blood types and of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection was determined in cats in Ireland, in order to determine risk factors for blood taken for transfusion purposes. EDTA blood samples were available from 137 non-pedigree cats and 39 pedigree cats (91 females and 85 males, aged four months to 15.0 years) in the Dublin area of Ireland. Of the 176 EDTA blood samples obtained, 112 (from 92 healthy cats and 20 sick cats) were tested for the presence of both FIV antibodies and FeLV antigens. Blood typing was performed using an immunochromatographic cartridge (CHROM; Alvedia). Testing for FIV and FeLV was performed by ELISA (SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo Test; Idexx Laboratories). Of the 39 pedigree cats, the majority (38 [97.4 per cent]) was type A, and only one (2.6 per cent) was type B. Of the 137 non-pedigree cats, the majority (116 [84.7 per cent]) was type A, 20 (14.6 per cent) were type B, and one (0.7 per cent) was type AB. Of the 92 healthy cats tested, the prevalence of FIV and FeLV positivity was 4.35 and 1.09 per cent, respectively. None of the 20 sick cats tested was FIV-positive; two (10 per cent) of the 20 sick cats were FeLV-positive.  相似文献   

16.
ObjectiveTo perform preliminary evaluations into the ocular analgesic effect of topical 1% morphine in a clinical setting and to determine onset, duration and complications.Study designProspective, randomised, blinded clinical study.AnimalsTwenty six dogs and seventeen cats, all client‐owned.MethodsDogs and cats with corneal ulceration requiring medical treatment or corneal conditions requiring surgery were included and randomly assigned to receive one drop of topical morphine (group M) or base solution (group B). Recordings were made prior to application and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes, then 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. Corneal aesthesiometry, blink rates and scores for blepharospasm (BLEPH), conjunctival hyperaemia (CH) and lacrimation (LAC) were recorded. Statistical analyses used anova,t‐tests and Mann–Whitney U tests as relevant.ResultsNo significant effect of treatment group on any recordings was found at any time point in either dogs or cats. Adverse effects of increased BLEPH, CH or blink rate were observed in six animals (three cats from group M and three dogs from group B), occurring within 5 minutes of drop application and lasting for between 10 minutes and 6 hours.Conclusions and clinical relevanceTopical ocular morphine showed no measurable analgesic effect against corneal pain in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

17.
Sera from cats and dogs in the UK were tested by ELISA for antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Seropositivity was confirmed in 28 of 69 pet cats (40.6 per cent), 33 of 79 feral cats (41.8 per cent) and three of 100 pet dogs. Reactivity to specific B. henselae antigens was confirmed by Western blotting and demonstrated that consistent antigenic bands were bound by sera from the cats and dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Only two of 49 cats undergoing surgical ligation of congenital extra- and intrahepatic portosystemic shunts died perioperatively, a mortality rate comparable with the mortality rates of dogs undergoing surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts and cats in which the shunts are attenuated with an ameroid ring constrictor. Thirty (83 per cent) of the 36 cats for which long-term information was available were still alive at a median follow-up period of 47 months (range six to 105 months); the outcome was excellent (no clinical signs) in 20 of them (median follow-up 37 months, range six to 105 months) and good (minimal clinical signs) in seven (median follow-up 39 months, range 10 to 73 months) and none of these 27 cats was on any long-term medication or special diet. The only major cause of morbidity was the development of neurological signs in 18 (37 per cent) of the cats. These included seizures and a wide variety of other neurological signs, and their development and persistence was not affected by the presence of preoperative seizures, the type of shunt, the degree of shunt attenuation or the age of the cat. The serum concentrations of ammonia and preprandial bile acids were normal or significantly below normal in the cats with neurological signs. Liver histopathology was similar in the cats with and without neurological signs. Ten (56 per cent) of the 18 cats that developed neurological signs recovered normal neurological function long term.  相似文献   

19.
Comparative net digestive and absorptive efficiency was assessed with adult Beagles and domestic cats by apparent digestibility assays. Eight foods were used comprising two canned dog foods; canned cat foods; two samples of semipurified diet; and single samples of experimental dry cat food and fresh mince. Apparent digestibility percentages of crude protein, fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy were all significantly higher in dogs than cats. Mean values obtained for dogs were (per cent): crude protein 87; fat 92; NFE 70 and energy 89. Respective values for cats were 82, 76, 67 and 79. On average, dogs obtained 11 and 9 per cent more digestible energy and protein per unit food eaten than cats. Most digestibility characteristics of foods measured in cats were significantly correlated with those for dogs and regression equations are presented predicting digestibility in cats from dog data.  相似文献   

20.
The effect of dietary chloride content (0·2, 0·4 and 1·3 per cent chloride on a dry matter basis) on the disposition of a single oral dose of bromide (14 mg kg−1 was evaluated in normal beagles. Increasing the dietary chloride content from 0·2 to 1·3 per cent resulted in a significant decrease in the mean apparent elimination half-life from 69 ± 22 days to 24 ± 7 days. The mean area under the concentration curve ( ) for dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride was significantly smaller than the for dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride. Dietary chloride had no effect on the maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) or on the time (Tmax) to reach the maximum concentrations. The steady-state serum bromide concentrations predicted from the single dose data for daily doses of 14 mg kg−1 of bromide were significantly lower in dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride (310 ± 150 mg litre−1) than in dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride (1950 ± 1140 mg litre−1). The predicted mean daily doses of bromide necessary to maintain serum levels within the therapeutic range for dogs fed 1·3 per cent chloride (43 ± 13 mg kg−1) were almost twice as high as the dose estimated for dogs fed 0·4 per cent chloride (22 ± 3 mg kg−1) and nearly three times as high as the dose estimated for dogs fed 0·2 per cent chloride (15 ± 4 mg kg−l). These differences were statistically significant (P=0·002).  相似文献   

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