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1.
黄维 《土壤》2018,50(6):1160-1164
以樱桃番茄"千禧"为供试材料,采用大田小区试验的方法,研究了膜下滴灌条件下富硒高钙有机肥和复合肥配比(每667 m2分别施50 kg复合肥(F1),500 kg富硒高钙有机肥+25 kg复合肥(F2),1 000 kg富硒高钙有机肥(F3))和灌水量(100%灌水量(W1)和80%灌水量(W2))对番茄产量和品质的影响。结果表明:(1)富硒高钙有机肥和复合肥配施,比使用同量氮磷钾的富硒高钙有机肥或复合肥,产量都显著提高;(2)随着富硒高钙有机肥施肥量比例的增加,番茄果实中硒含量、番茄红素含量、维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量均显著增加;(3)滴灌可以有效提高水分利用效率,80%灌水量在产量降低不显著的情况下,番茄果实中硒的含量和果实品质均有不同程度的提高。因此,膜下滴灌80%灌水量时,富硒高钙有机肥和复合肥配施(各占50%)在保证果实品质和硒含量达到富硒农产品标准的同时,产量达到最佳。  相似文献   

2.
To determine the effects of irrigation water salinity and leaching fraction on crop evapotranspiration (ETc), grain yield, straw yield, shoot sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Onfarom 9,’ a pot experiment was conducted using saline soil with electrical conductivity of soil paste extract (ECe) of 13.2 dS m?1. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design replicated seven times was used with three levels of saline irrigation water (4, 9, and 12 dS m?1) and four leaching levels (0, 17, 29, and 37%) included as the factors. The results showed that ETc significantly decreased as a result of an increase in irrigation water salinity (ECi) and decrease in leaching level. Crop evapotranspiration deficit and decreasing irrigation and drainage water effectively resulted in grain and straw yield reduction. Increase in ECi increased accumulation of Cl and Na in crop shoot, but application of leaching decreased this accumulation.  相似文献   

3.
[目的]通过不同灌溉定额对浅埋滴灌春玉米生长与产量的影响研究,筛选出适合内蒙古东部地区的最佳灌水定额,为应用和推广浅埋滴灌提供理论和实证依据。[方法]采用大田试验方法,设置400.20m~3/hm~2(CK),1 050.53m~3/hm~2(DG1),1 700.85m~3/hm~2(DG2),2 351.18m~3/hm~2(DG3),3 001.50m~3/hm~2(DG4)浅埋滴灌和常规地面漫灌3 201.60m~3/hm~2(GG)共6个灌溉定额处理,运用统计分析方法开展研究。[结果](1)随灌溉定额的增加,浅埋滴灌春玉米的株高、叶面积指数和叶绿素相对含量呈增加趋势;(2)净光合速率和蒸腾速率表现为DG4最大,DG3次之,叶片水平水分利用效率DG3DG4且GG处理最低;(3)DG3较GG处理的产量提高6.03%,灌溉水利用效率提高44.50%。[结论]浅埋滴灌条件下,全生育期灌溉定额为2 351.18m~3/hm~2的灌溉制度节水、节膜、增产效益最优。  相似文献   

4.
This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of permanent and intermittent irrigation on the yield of rice (cv. Koohrang) in Lordegan rice-growing areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Iran). The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications during 2003 and 2004. Irrigation treatments were: I1, continuous irrigation with a 5-cm water head every day; I2, alternative irrigation with a 5-cm water head every 2 days; I3, alternative irrigation with a 5-cm water head every 4 days; and I4, alternative irrigation with a 5 cm water head every 6 days. Results showed that the paddy yield was highest under treatment I2 (5655.6 kg ha?1) and lowest under treatment I4 (3421.3 kg ha?1). The highest rate of water use was obtained in I1 with 17 687.5 m3 ha?1 and the lowest in I4 with 9325 m3 ha?1. Paddy yield, plant height, panicle length and 1000-seed weight did not show a significant difference at the 5% level among I1, I2 and I3, but differed significantly to I4. Thus irrigation treatment I3 is appropriate for paddy irrigation in the Lordegan region with 10 645 m3 ha?1 water use and 5483.7 kg ha?1 paddy yield.  相似文献   

5.
为探究适于晋西黄土区果农间作系统滴灌水肥一体化管理制度,以典型的苹果-大豆间作系统为研究对象,设置灌水和施肥两因素,分析不同水肥调控措施对土壤含水量分布、苹果和大豆光合生理特征、大豆生长和产量以及间作系统水分利用等指标的影响。试验在大豆4个关键需水期进行灌水,肥料随灌溉水施入,每次设置不同灌水上限和施肥水平,4个灌水量上限水平分别为:田间持水量(Fc)的60%(W1),70%(W2),80%(W3)和90%(W4),3个施氮水平:纯N 59.40 kg/hm^2(F1),92.00 kg/hm^2(F2),124.32 kg/hm^2(F3),对照处理(CK)整个生育期不灌水不施肥,仅在播种前施入基肥。结果表明:各水肥处理土壤含水量在水平和垂直方向上具有显著差异,灌水量对土壤含水量的影响程度高于施肥量和水肥交互作用。苹果和大豆的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化特征相似,均为单峰型曲线,最大值均为W3F2处理。各处理大豆株高、茎粗和叶面积指数(LAI)分别较对照组提高了1.3%~32.3%,2.8%~33.9%和3.4%~125.9%,其中最大值均出现在W3F2处理,该处理大豆产量和间作系统水分利用效率(WUE)也最优,较其他处理分别提高了10.9%~99.3%和8.0%~70.0%。在播种至出苗期、幼苗期至分枝期、开花结荚期和鼓粒期可以设置80%Fc的灌水上限,同时在大豆幼苗期至分枝期、结荚期和鼓粒期分别施加92.00 kg/hm^2的氮肥,该水肥管理方式使苹果—大豆间作系统获得较高的作物产量及水分利用效率,可为该地区间作系统滴灌水肥一体化管理提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
不同施肥对滴灌大豆磷素积累与分配的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用节水滴灌方式，研究肥料用量和施肥时期对滴灌大豆磷素积累、分配、利用及产量的影响，目的是探索节水灌溉与施肥相结合的灌溉施肥新模式。结果表明，在滴灌条件下前期种肥的供给对大豆磷素积累及产量的形成非常重要，T1（1/2种肥）、T2（种肥）、T3（3/2种肥）、T4（1/2种肥+花期1/2滴肥）、T5（1/2种肥+结荚期1/2滴肥）处理的滴灌大豆磷素积累量大，吸收利用率较高（种肥为尿素75 kg/hm2、磷酸二铵150 kg/hm2、硫酸钾90 kg/hm2，滴肥为尿素127.5 kg/hm2、磷酸二氢钾为133.5 kg/hm2）；综合产量因素，在种肥用量为尿素37.5 kg/hm2、磷酸二铵75 kg/hm2、硫酸钾45 kg/hm2的基础上，在结荚期再滴施尿素63.75 kg/hm2、磷酸二氢钾66.75 kg/hm2，这种滴灌施肥方式效果最佳。  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

In the scheduling of nutrient supply programs, analysis of plant nutrient status has been found to be useful to prevent the deficiency or toxic effects of nutrients in any horticultural crop. So the present study was framed to assess the foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth under different irrigation and fertigation combination modules. Recently apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards in the state Himachal Pradesh of India have converted from the traditional royal delicious orchard at 6 × 6 m spacing with rainfed/basin irrigation to early spur varieties on dwarfing rootstock with drip irrigation, both with or without fertigation. An experimental field trial was started at the end of 2018 in a ‘Super Chief’/MM106 orchard at an experimental farm of the department of Soil Science & Water Management, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). A factorial experiment with 16 treatment combinations of 4 irrigation levels viz. I1 – drip irrigation at 100% ETc, I2 – drip irrigation at 80% ETc, I3 – drip irrigation at 60% ETc, I4 – conventional irrigation, and four fertigation levels viz. F0 – No fertilizer application (absolute control), F1 – 100% of AD (NPK), F2 – 75% of AD (NPK) and F3 – 50% of AD (NPK) were replicated thrice with 3 plants in each replication. Vegetative growth parameters and leaf nutrient contents were affected by both fertilization and water rate. Irrigation and nutrient levels and their interactions exhibited significant effect on leaf N (3.10%), P (0.28%), K (1.77%), and S (0.44%) contents. Significantly maximum contents were observed in the irrigation level I1 (DI at 100% ETc). Among fertigation level, F1 [100% AD (NPK)] recorded highest contents of leaf N (3.17%), P (0.29%), K (1.80%), S (0.46%). Interaction I1F1 registered maximum leaf N (3.36%), P (0.36%), K (1.92%) and S (0.63%).

With an increase in the water volume and an increasing dose of NPK, vegetative growth parameters, i.e., tree height, plant spread, tree volume, trunk girth, and annual extension growth were noted to increase proportionately. Treatment DI at 100% ETc (I1), increased the tree height by 9.41, plant spread (EW by 32.0, NS by 16.3), tree volume by 61.36, trunk girth by 8.05, and annual extension growth by 14.22% over conventional irrigation (I4). Drip fertigated trees with F1 [100% AD (NPK)] reported the highest growth parameters. The results of two years apple trial suggested a positive effect of fertigation on enhanced effectiveness of fertilization and improved foliage nutrient content and vegetative growth.  相似文献   

8.
(pp. 9–16)

Nitrate is a major form of uptake and storage of nitrogen for upland plants. However, nitrate is harmful to human health · ingestion of a large quantity can lead to cancer or methemoglobinemia. The effectiveness of drip fertigation for reducing nitrate in spinach was investigated in this study. Fertilizer application can be controlled effectively by drip fertigation. Field experiments were conducted in September 2002 and June 2003 at the National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region. Two spinach cultivars were grown in each cultivation in a plastic greenhouse, and the plants were treated with 4, 8 or 12 g N m?2 of fertilizer applied by drip fertigation, and with 8, 12 or 16 g N m?2 of fertilizer applied as basal application. The nitrogen was applied at the rate of 0.15 g m?2 per day for the first 15 days, and 0.25 g m?2 for the following 23 days in 8 g N m?2 treatment of drip fertigation.

The rate of growth and nitrogen absorption of spinach in the early growth stages was very slow, but they increased quickly from around day 23 after sowing. The amount of nitrogen absorbed by spinach was close to the amount applied in 8 g N m?2 treatment. This treatment resulted in spinach with a low nitrate concentration without reduction in yield. Although the same results were obtained by treatment with 8 g N m?2 of fertilizer by basal application, there was a tendency for nitrate concentration to fall further with drip fertigation. The rate of nitrate-nitrogen to total-nitrogen rose sharply when the total-nitrogen concentration was higher than 42 g kg?1 DW in leaf blade and 18 g kg?1 DW in leaf petiole. The total-nitrogen concentration was lowered a little and for that reason the rate of nitrate-nitrogen to total-nitrogen was lower in spinach treated with 8 g N m?2 of drip fertigation than in spinach treated with 8 g N m?2 of basal application. Thus, drip fertigation was considered to reduce nitrate more stably.  相似文献   

9.
南疆沙区成龄红枣水肥一体化滴灌的水肥适宜用量   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5  
为了研究南疆沙区漫灌改滴灌水肥管理对红枣产量及品质的影响,该文运用二元回归分析及归一化方法,以当地9 a成龄枣树为对象,寻求同时满足高效高产的水肥灌溉制度。以常规漫灌(CK:1 100 mm、900 kg/hm~2)为对照,设灌水和施肥(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=2∶1∶1.5)双因素进行小区试验,3个滴灌灌水量(W1:45%CK,W2:65%CK,W3:85%CK,100%)和3个施肥水平(F1:45%CK,F2:65%CK,F3:85%CK)。结果表明:灌水对红枣花期、膨大期土壤养分(全N、速效P、速效K)和灌溉水利用效率(iWUE)达到显著性水平(P0.05),施肥对红枣花期、膨大期土壤养分、肥料偏生产力(PFP)达到显著性水平(P0.05),水肥耦合效应对全生育期土壤养分、产量及品质指标均达到显著水平(P0.05);滴灌条件下W2F3处理产量最高,与CK无显著性差异(P0.05),iWUE、PFP分别在W1F3、W3F1处理最高,总糖、维生素C、总酸分别在W3F1、W3F3、W3F1处理最高,与W2F3无显著性差异(P0.05),对于净收益而言,W3F2与CK具有显著性差异(P0.05),相比于CK提高1.95%。通过对建立的滴灌水肥投入与红枣产量和品质关系模型分析,认为研究区滴灌红枣适宜的水肥投入范围分别为651～806 mm和708～810 kg/hm~2,其中N(311～345 kg/hm~2),P_2O_5(156～178 kg/hm~2),K_2O(233～267 kg/hm~2),研究结果可做为当地红枣滴灌节水、节肥的最佳水肥供应模式。  相似文献   

10.
ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of nitrogen (N)+ zinc (Zn) soil and foliar fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and quality of apple (Malus domestic Borkh ‘Golden Delicious’) fruit was studied in the Zanjan province, Iran. There were eight treatments 1) control (no fertilizer), 2) soil applied N, 3) soil applied Zn, 4) soil applied N+Zn, 5) foliar applied N, 6) foliar applied Zn, 7) foliar applied N+Zn and 8) combined soil and foliar applied N+Zn. The N source was urea [CO(NH2)2, 46% N] applied at 276 N tree? 1 yr?1 and the Zn source was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4,7H20, 23% Zn) applied at 110 g Zn tree? 1 yr? 1. The soil treatments of N and Zn, were applied every two weeks during June through August (total of 6 times/year) in a 1 m radius around the tree trunk (drip line of trees). The foliar solutions of N (10 g l? 1 urea) and Zn [8 g l? 1 zinc sulfate (ZnSO4)] were sprayed at the rate of 10 L tree? 1 every two weeks at the same times as described for soil applications. The highest yield (49 kg tree? 1), and the heaviest fruits (202 g) were obtained in the soil and foliar combination of N+Zn treatment. The lowest yield (35 kg tree? 1), and the smallest fruits (175 g) were recorded in the control. Nitrogen, and to a lesser extent Zn, foliar application resulted in decreasing fruit quality (caused russeting, and lower soluble solid), but increasing N leaf and fruit concentrations (2.4% DW and 563 mg kg? 1, respectively). There were significant differences among yield and leaf mineral nutrient concentration in different treatments. But there was no significant difference between fruit mineral nutrient concentration (except N). Ratio of N/calcium (Ca), potassium (K)/Ca, and [magnesium (Mg)+K]/Ca in fruits were found suitable for fruit quality prediction. Combining the zinc sulfate with urea in the foliar applications increased the concentration of Zn from 0.7 to 1.5 mg per kg of apple tissue. Leaf N concentration varied during growth season. Foliar applied nutrient can be more efficient than soil applied, but a combination of soil and foliar applications is recommended for apple tree nutrient management.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]确定核桃主产区塔里木盆地西北缘区滴灌条件下核桃水肥适宜用量,实现核桃园水肥高效利用,为当地密植核桃滴灌水肥投入量提供指导。[方法]以9 a生密植新温"185"核桃树为研究对象,设置3个灌水量(W_1:375 mm; W_2:435 mm; W_3:495 mm)和3个施肥量(F_1:2 250 kg/hm~2; F_2:4 500 kg/hm~2; F_3:9 000 kg/hm~2。其中尿素:磷酸一铵1∶1.25),在新疆阿克苏红旗坡农场新疆农业大学林果实验基地开展滴灌核桃大田试验,研究滴灌条件下水肥耦合对核桃产量、品质及水肥利用效率的影响,建立了水肥投入量与产量及灌溉水利用效率的二元回归模型。[结果]灌水和施肥对核桃硬核期、油脂转化期和成熟期土壤硝态氮、核桃产量、品质和水肥利用率的影响均达显著水平(p0.05);水肥耦合效应对核桃产量和水肥利用率有显著性影响(p0.05);硬核期和油脂转化期为核桃的需肥关键期;F_3处理施肥量造成了土壤硝态氮的累积;W_2和W_3处理对滴灌核桃品质、产量和肥料偏生产力的影响无显著性差异,均与W_1差异显著;施肥处理对核桃出仁率、产量和水肥利用效率的影响均达显著水平。[结论]新疆环塔盆地滴灌密植核桃全生育期适宜的水肥投入范围分别为438～469 mm(包含冬春灌)和7 074～7 168 kg/hm~2,其中尿素3 144～3 186 kg/hm~2,磷酸一铵3 930～3 982 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

12.
研究膜下滴灌条件下，不同水肥组合对西兰花光合、产量、水肥利用效率及品质的影响，并建立西兰花产量—品质与水肥因素的回归模型及主成分综合评价体系，寻求西兰花最优的灌水量和施肥量组合，为西兰花高效节水灌溉提质增效提供技术依据。以西兰花为试验作物，采取膜下滴灌的灌溉方式，采用二因素三水平随机区组试验设计。灌水量设置3个水平，分别为1 740，2 175，2 610 m3/hm2，施肥量设置3个水平，分别为1 200，1 500，1 800 kg/hm2，共9个处理。结果表明：在生育期降水量为20.8 mm，灌水量为2 610 m3/hm2，施肥量为1 800 kg/hm2，西兰花的产量及品质最好，综合评价得分也最高，说明高水高肥处理下最有利于西兰花的生长，是适宜本地滴灌西兰花的灌溉施肥制度。  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in citrus orchards world over. The management strategy of Zn deficiency today is still governed by the efficacy of two conventionally used methods of Zn supply to plants via soil or foliar fertilization. A field experiment with 12-yr-old ‘Nagpur’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchard was, therefore, carried out during 2004–07 comparing soil application versus foliar application of Zn, each at three levels viz., 100, 200, and 300 g tree?1 with constant doses of N (600 g tree?1), P (200 g tree?1), K (300 g tree?1), and Fe(60 g tree?1) on Haplustert soil type with reference to response on flowering intensity, fruit set, tree volume, fruit yield, changes in soil fertility/leaf nutrient status, fruit quality, and transformation of native soil Zn fractions. Soil application of Zn at all the three levels, produced significantly higher increase in tree volume over foliar application on equivalent rates viz., T1 (2.53 m3) vs. T4 (2.06 m3) and T2(4.30 m3) vs. T5 (2.23 m3). The yield-determining parameters like flowering and fruit set intensity (no. m?1 shoot length) were, respectively, much higher with soil applied (135.74 and 21.90) than foliar applied Zn (31.20 and 11.6). These observations set the favorable conditions required for yield response, e.g., all the three treatments involving soil application of Zn, T1 (32.1 kg tree?1), T2 (52.6 kg tree?1), and T3 (51.8 kg tree?1) were correspondingly superior over T4 (22.5 kg tree?1), T5 (34.3 kg tree?1), and T6 (42.1 kg tree?1) as foliar application treatments. All the three major fruit quality parameters (juice, acidity, and TSS) were likewise more influenced by soil application than foliar application of Zn. Improvements in soil Zn fractions (mg kg?1) viz., exchangeable Zn (0.25–0.60), complex-Zn (2.71 to 4.86), organically bound Zn (0.86 to 2.0), and Zn-bound to carbonates and acid soluble minerals (2.56–4.96) were observed in response to Zn fertilization with treatments T1–T3. On the other hand, foliar applied Zn treatments (T4–T6) produced no such changes in any of the soil Zn fractions.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

This study was carried out in 2001–2003 at the Experimental Orchard of the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland, on mature ‘Jonagold’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees (M.26 EMLA) planted at 4 × 2.5 m spacing on a sandy loam soil with low boron (B) availability. The trees were drip fertigated with B at rates of 0.5, 1, or 1.5 g tree? 1 over 4 weeks at 3-d intervals beginning at the stage of bud break. Plants that did not receive B via drip irrigation system served as a control. Drip B fertigation effectively increased water-soluble B concentrations in the soil and the status of this microelement in leaves of current season shoots. However, the B fertigation had no effect on tree vigor. In 2 out of 3 years, the drip B fertigation improved flower B status, fruit set, and yield. The efficiency of the drip B fertigation was not influenced by B rate. In all growing seasons, the drip B fertigation increased B level and a soluble solids concentration in the fruit flesh, but had no effect on mean fruit weight, color, titratable acidity, and fruit firmness. It was concluded that on coarse-textured soils with low B availability, the drip B fertigation of mature apple trees in high-density orchards can be recommended from the stage of bud burst to petal fall at a rate of 0.5 g tree? 1.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] is moderately salt tolerant, but the method of irrigation used for crop production under saline conditions may influence the uptake and distribution of potentially toxic salts. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of application of saline waters by different methods, namely, drip and above‐canopy sprinkler irrigation, on the ion relations of soybean cultivar “Manokin”. Salinity was imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight) to nonsaline irrigation waters. Saline treatments with electrical conductivity (EC i ) of 4 dS m?1 were compared with nonsaline controls (EC i  = 0.5 dS m?1). Ion concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and when present, pods were determined at four stages of growth: vegetative, flowering, podding, and grain filling. Both Na+ and Cl? were excluded from the Manokin leaves and stems when plants were drip‐irrigated and the uptake of these ions occurred solely via the root pathway. However, when saline water was applied by sprinkling, the ions entered leaves by both foliar absorption and root uptake and their concentrations in the leaves were about 9‐fold higher than in those under saline drip irrigation. Regardless of treatment, leaf‐K was highest during the vegetative stage, then decreased with plant age as K+ was mobilized to meet nutrient demands of the developing reproductive structures.  相似文献   

16.
Different methods of fertilizer application-drip fertigation and conventional fertilizer application under drip, surface irrigation, and rainfed conditions were evaluated during 2009–2012 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shimla, India. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD), replicated thrice. Results suggest that fertigation significantly increased growth parameters over conventional methods. Fruit yield was significantly higher under fertigation (13.7 t ha?1) over conventional fertilizer application with drip (11.6 t ha?1), surface irrigation (10.6 t ha?1), and under rainfed (8.6 t ha?1). Fruit quality parameters were also superior under fertigation. Fertigation maintained higher available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content in 0-30 cm soil layers. Available phosphorus (P) was higher in 0-20 cm soil depths in all the treatments. Fertigation with 80 and 100 percent recommended NPK dose registered statistically comparable results. In addition to higher productivity, fertigation resulted in 20 percent fertilizer savings over drip irrigation and 20 percent fertilizer besides 40 percent water savings over surface irrigation.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh for consecutive three summer seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2015 with the objectives of identifying optimum plant density and nutrient doses under check basin irrigation and drip fertigation for higher productivity and net returns. The treatments were; three plant densities viz., 3,33,333 plants/ha (100% of recommended plant density; P1); 4,16,666 plants/ha (125% of recommended plant density; P2), and 4,99,999 plants/ha (150% of recommended plant density;P3) in main plots, and three nutrient doses viz., 18.75–37.5–22.5 NPK kg ha?1 (75% of recommended nutrient dose; F1), 25-50-30 NPK kg ha?1 (100% of recommended nutrient dose; F2), and 31.25–62.5–37.5 NPK kg ha?1 (125% of recommended nutrient dose; F3) in sub-plots, and replicated thrice. The same sets of treatments were tested under both check basin irrigation and drip fertigation. The data were analyzed using split plot design. Pod yield, haulm yield, and net returns were significantly higher with P3 as compared to P1 under check basin irrigation but only haulm yield was found significantly higher with P3 under drip fertigation. Under check basin irrigation, NH4–N, NO3–N, and available P and K in soil were found in the order P1?>?P2?>?P3 (p?<?0.05) while in case of drip fertigation, differences were significant only for available K which was significantly higher in P1 over both P2 and P3. Under check basin irrigation, F2 i.e., application of 100 percent of recommended nutrient doses, being at par with F3, significantly improved pod yield, haulm yield and net returns over that with F1 however, differences were not significant under drip fertigation. NH4–N, NO3–N and available P and K in soil under both the irrigation systems were in the order F3?>?F2?>?F1 (p?<?0.05).  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of irrigation intervals and fertigation on growth, yield, and quality of peanut as well as an account of fertilizer and water savings under drip irrigation combined with fertigation. Pod and haulm yields and economics of peanut with application of irrigation water at I1, i.e. 4 day interval through drip (10 day in surface irrigation) did not differ significantly compared with I2, i.e. 6 day interval through drip (15 day in surface irrigation). However, significantly higher kernel and oil yields were obtained at I1 and also recorded higher partial factor productivity (PFP). Our study showed that drip irrigation saved 37.2% irrigation water over surface method. Fertigation at 75% Nitrogen & potassium (NK) through drip with 75% P in soil (F3) significantly improved pod, haulm, kernel, and oil yields by 14.3%, 11.5%, 13.9%, and 12.3%, respectively, while net returns increased by INR 13,499 ha?1 over 50% NK through drip with 50% P in soil (F2) and at par with others. Fertigation at 50–100% NK with 50?100% P in soil (F2 to F4) could save 36.4–37.3% irrigation water over F1. Maximum PFP was recorded under F2.

Abbreviations: N: Nitrogen; P: phosphorus; K: potassium; M: million  相似文献   

19.
为了探究不同灌溉模式施加不同改良剂对河套灌区重度盐渍土的改良效果,设置秸秆深埋(SL)、石膏+有机肥(SF)、对照(CK)3个处理,对河套灌区重度盐渍土土壤盐分在0-70 cm剖面上的分布特点进行研究。结果表明:不同灌溉模式,SL和SF处理在0-15 cm土层均有效降低土壤pH,随改良时间延长改良深度增加pH持续降低,有一定的长效性,滴灌SL与SF处理pH较CK分别下降0.35,0.49,黄灌下降0.42,1.33,对30-70 cm土层影响较小。SF处理碱化度第2年下降达43%,SL处理为40%,滴灌更利于碱化度降低。从抑制盐分积累来看,SL与SF处理能有效抑制盐分0-15 cm土层聚集,黄灌SL与SF处理较CK分别下降13.60%,7.70%,滴灌分别下降31.60%,6.90%,SL处理抑盐效果较显著。土壤盐基离子表明,不同灌溉模式,SL与SF处理均显著降低0-15 cm土层Na~+与HCO_3~-的含量,滴灌降低比例高于黄灌,随着改良时间延长效果越显著,15-70 cm土层无明显变化。石膏加有机肥的施入提高0-70 cm土层SO_4~(2-)、Ca~(2+)及Cl~-的含量。通过对比分析,对河套灌区重度盐渍土治理而言,秸秆深埋和石膏+有机肥均能有效抑制重度盐渍土土壤积盐,有效降低pH及碱化度。整体来看,滴灌模式下石膏+有机肥改良效果优于秸秆深埋。  相似文献   

20.
Evaluation of drip irrigation treatments scheduled at 40, 60, 80, and 100% of alternate day cumulative pan evaporation (Ecp) against basin irrigation method was undertaken in 1-year-old ‘Nagpur’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees budded on rough lemon [Citrus jambhiri (L)] rootstock on an alkaline Inceptisol soil type for three seasons during 2003–2005. Growth responses showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher annual increase in tree height (0.44–0.50 m), scion girth (37–45 mm), and canopy volume (0.508–0.986 m3) under drip-irrigation except irrigation at 40% Ecp, compared to tree height (0.40 m), scion girth (36 mm), and canopy volume (0.463 m3) under basin irrigation. The highest magnitude of increase in different growth parameters was observed with drip irrigation at 80% Ecp, which produced the net water saving of 32% over basin irrigation method. Response on leaf nutrient composition under drip irrigation at 80% Ecp likewise produced the similar response, [2.27% nitrogen (N), 1.98% potassium (K), and 121.8 ppm iron (Fe)], significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than under basin irrigation (1.12% N, 1.04% K, and 98.3 ppm Fe), with other nutrients, e.g., phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) remained unaffected.  相似文献   

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