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1.
《Field Crops Research》2002,75(1):1-7
This study was conducted to develop near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations to predict the amino acid and nitrogen content of milled rice powder. The samples were scanned by NIRS and analyzed for amino acid composition and total nitrogen by HCl hydrolysis–HPLC methodology and Kjeldahl method, respectively. The NIRS equations of 15 different amino acids, except for cystine, methionine and histidine, showed high coefficients of determination (RSQ=84.8–97.5%) and low standard errors in calibration (SEC) with 3 g samples for NIRS scanning, while the calibration models of cystine and histidine could explain less variation (RSQ with 77.7 and 65.0%). Calibration for methionine was not suitable to estimate methionine because of its very low RSQ (10.2%). The equations for total amino acids and nitrogen also showed high RSQ and lower SEC, respectively. Furthermore, calibration equations developed with only about 500 mg samples showed similar accuracy and reliability to those with the full cup by using the same calibration set. The equations developed for relative contents of total amino acids did not show good, effective calibration and cross-validation. Only eight different amino acids can be predicted using the equations because their RSQs of calibration were higher than 50.6% (50.6–73.9%). The others cannot be estimated with confidence by their relative contents due to lower RSQ in calibration. Moreover, their relative contents can be calculated from their absolute contents estimated by NIRS calibration. 相似文献
2.
Rates of N applied to sandy loam soil with wheat as the preceding years crop was studied as to the influence on tuber yields of potatoes grown for early summer harvest in Southwestern Indiana. Most of the yield response was to the first 75 lbs/acre (84 kg/ha) increment of N which increased the yield of US #1 potatoes 61 cwt/acre in 1967 and 52 cwt/acre in 1968. The total solids were not significantly decreased by the first increment of N applied which was also the N range of rapid yield increase. N fertilization increased the N content of the foliage from 3.0 to 4.0% in 1967 and 3.97 to 5.17 in 1968 and the tubers from 1.36 to 2.96 in 1968. The first 75 lbs N increment was efficiently converted to crude protein, 48% incorporation, but the succeeding increments were poorly converted. 相似文献
3.
增氧对水稻根系生长与氮代谢的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以国稻6号(杂交籼稻)和秀水09(粳稻)为材料,在水培条件下研究通气增氧对水稻苗期根系生长和氮代谢的影响。结果表明,增氧处理水稻根系干物质积累量、根长、根体积、根系活力以及吸收面积较对照均有不同程度增加。水稻根系硝态氮（NO3 N）含量、游离氨基酸和可溶性糖含量均增加。谷氨酸合成酶（GS）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性均增强。在本试验条件下,增氧能显著提高粳稻秀水09苗期根系氮代谢相关酶生理活性;但增氧对杂交籼稻国稻6号根系氮代谢相关酶生理活性影响不显著,说明通气增氧对水稻根系氮代谢生理活性的影响可能与水稻基因型有关。 相似文献
4.
以始于2006年的长期定位试验为研究平台,评价持续施用有机肥氮和化肥氮13年对郑单958子粒产量和氨基酸组分及含量的影响。结果表明,玉米子粒含有17种氨基酸,其中,谷氨酸含量最高,胱氨酸和蛋氨酸含量最低。施用氮肥显著提高玉米产量和氨基酸含量,低氮量60 kg/hm2,有机肥氮处理子粒产量低于化肥氮处理;施氮量120～360 kg/hm2,有机肥氮与化肥氮处理子粒产量差异不显著;施氮量420～600 kg/hm2,有机肥氮处理子粒产量显著高于化肥氮处理。施氮量0～600 kg/hm2范围内,施氮量越高氨基酸含量越大且化肥氮处理的氨基酸含量大于等量有机肥氮处理,有机肥氮118.5～600 kg/hm2、化肥氮91.9～600 kg/hm2可以获得最优总氨基酸含量。兼顾子粒产量和氨基酸综合评价的多元统计分析表明,长期施用有机肥氮120～420 kg/hm2、化肥氮120～300 kg/hm2,可实现玉米产量和氨基酸品质... 相似文献
5.
W. H. Eppendorfer B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(2):163-174
In pot experiments with greatly differing rates of N, P, S, K and Ca, dry matter (DM) yields of leek stems varied from 25 to 164 g/pot. Total-N and NO3-N concentrations varied from 1.18 to 3.56% and from 10 to 1515 ppm in DM, respectively. Both N applications and P and K deficiency greatly increased total-N and NO3-N content. S applications increased total-S content from 0.047 to 0.359% in DM, of which between approximately 100 to 25% were found in methionine+cystine. Total-N/total-S ratios decreased from 57 to 6 with the highest S level. P and K applications increased their respective content in DM two- and threefold. Severe Ca deficiency reduced Ca content from 0.495 to 0.045%. Iron, zinc, manganese and copper contents varied from 33–69, 14–26, 11–34 and 3.1–5.7 ppm in DM, respectively. Increasing N contents, whether due to N applications or P or K deficiency, decreased the content of all essential and some other amino acids in crude protein. Both S and severe P deficiency had a pronounced negative effect on amino acid composition and chemical score. Only glutamic acid (glutamine) and arginine were increased by increasing N contents. However, expressed as g/kg DM the concentrations of all amino acids were positively correlated with protein content. S and P deficiency reduced total dietary fibre (TDF) content of DM from 28.3 to 18.6% and 17.4%, respectively, of which between 53 and 60% were insoluble dietary fibre (IDF). Digestible energy (DE) was positively correlated with protein content (r=0.90**). In N-balance trials with rats, increasing protein concentrations (50% of total protein given as casein and supplemented with 1% methionine) raised the true digestibility (TD) of the protein from 44 to 72%. The biological value (BV) of protein was generally high, with a mean of 91.7 N deficiency tended to increase and S deficiency tended to decrease the BV. 相似文献
6.
In order to clarify the effects of aeration on root nitrogen metabolism in rice seedlings,rice cultivars Guodao 6 (indica) and Xiushui 09 (japonica) were investigated for root growth,the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS),glutamic acid-pyruvic acid transaminase (GPT) and glutamic acid oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT),the nitrate (NO 3-N) concertration,the contents of free amino acids and soluble sugar in root under hydroponics with continuous aeration treatment.The results showed that rice seedlings grown in oxygenation solutions had higher root dry matter,longer root length,stronger root activity and larger root absorption area compared with the control.In addition,the contents of soluble sugar,root vigor and the activities of GS,GOT and GPT in the aeration solutions were higher than those in the control.The results also indicated that the activities of enzymes involved in root nitrogen metabolism of Xiushui 09 were enhanced by aeration,however,there was no significant influence on root nitrogen metabolism of Guodao 6,which suggested that effect of oxygenation on rice root nitrogen metabolism might be genotype-specific. 相似文献
7.
Proteolysis and amino acid degradation during ensilage of untreated or formic acid-treated lucerne and maize 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Lucerne ( Medicago sativa ), field wilted to 330 g dry matter (DM) kg−1 , and whole-plant maize ( Zea mays ), 383 g DM kg−1 , were treated with formic acid (FA) at the rate of 4-5 1 t−1 fresh forage. The effects of FA treatment on proteolysis and amino acid degradation was investigated at several intervals over a 90-d period of ensilage in laboratory silos. Formic acid treatment produced different patterns of pH decline during ensilage of the two forages, suggesting some degree of crop specificity in response to FA treatment. After 7 d of ensilage of lucerne there were increases of 81% in nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and 104% in free amino acid nitrogen (FAA-N), but with FA-treated lucerne the increases were 39% and 31%, respectively. FA treatment resulted in a reduction in the concentration of most free amino acids in lucerne silage, with the exception of glutamic acid and serine; the branched chain amino acids as well as glycine, tyrosine and proline were significantly (P<0·05) reduced after 3 d of ensilage. By contrast, FA treatment of maize did not significantly ( p <0·05) affect the NPN content nor was there a consistent pattern in the changes in FAA-N. Formic acid treatment of maize did produce a significant reduction ( P <0·05) in the concentration of most individual free amino acids at 90 d of ensilage. Overall, FA treatment had a more predictable effect on proteolysis and amino acid degradation in ensiled lucerne than in ensiled whole-plant maize. 相似文献
8.
硒提高茶叶品质效应的研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
在低硒土壤的茶园施用无机硒肥 ,研制富硒茶叶。研究硒对茶叶保鲜品质和蛋白质氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明 ,富硒茶茶汤放置 12小时过程中 ,556nm吸光度比低硒茶叶稳定 ,表明富硒茶叶中的硒可有效地阻止茶汤氧化褐变 ,有利于保持绿茶品质。在室温条件下贮藏 90天 ,低硒绿茶维生素C的保存率为 4 8 2 1% ,而富硒茶维生素C保存率为 78 54% ,表明富硒茶中的硒能有效抑制茶叶在贮藏期间维生素C的减少。与低硒茶叶相比 ,富硒茶蛋白质的氨基酸总量增加 8 3%～ 14 8% ,必需氨基酸总量增加 8 8%～ 14 8% ,甲硫氨酸增加 6 0 %～ 8 7% ,胱氨酸增加 38 7%～ 95 6 %。 相似文献
9.
W. H. Eppendorfer B. O. Eggum 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,45(4):299-313
In pot experiments with greatly differing rates of N, P, K, and S, and 3 levels of water, dry matter (DM) yields of tubers varied from 28 to 454 g/pot. Especially P-, K- and S-deficiency reduced the starch content of boiled potatoes, from P from 74 to 59% in DM. S-deficiency increased soluble, insoluble and total digestible fibre (TDF) from about 9 to 12.4% TDF in DM of boiled potatoes. Lignin content of fresh potato DM was increased from 0.7 to 2.0 and from 0.8 to 3.7% by P- and K-deficiency. P-deficiency considerably increased arabinose, galactose, and uronic acid, and decreased glucose content. N-application and P-, K- and S-deficiency increased total- and NO3-N concentrations which varied from 1.32 to 3.67% and from 17 to 400 ppm in DM. Water stress slightly decreased total-N content. Increasing N in DM, due to high N-rates or P- or K-deficiency, decreased concentrations in crude protein (CP) of all essential amino acids, whereas aspartic acid (asparagine) increased. S-deficiency caused particularly strong decreases in concentrations of essential amino acids from 1.28 to 0.49, 1.62 to 1.10, 5.24 to 3.68, and 5.59 to 2.57 g/16 g N of cystine, methionine, lysine and leucine, respectively. Glutamic acid (glutamine) content was increased from 15.7 to 27.6 g/16 g N by S-deficiency. Expressed as g amino acid/kg DM, all amino acid concentrations increased with increasing % N in DM. In N-balance trials with rats, increasing crude protein concentrations in DM of boiled potatoes increased the true digestibility (TD) of the protein from 72 to 90 but decreased the biological value (BV) from 89 to 65. S-deficiency caused a further reduction of the BV to 45. Excluding S-deficiency treatments, linear regression equations between CP concentrations and BV and TD gave correlation coefficients r of –0.94*** and 0.82***, respectively. There was close agreement between changes of BV and concentrations of first limiting amino acids (chemical score), with r=0.96***. 相似文献
10.
The influence of phosphorus fertilization on the content of ascorbic acid, lipids, total nitrogen, protein, and non-protein nitrogen of Katahdin potatoes was investigated. Phosphorus in the form of mono ammonium phosphate was applied at rates of 0, 56, 112, and 168 Kg/ha (0, 50, 100, and 150 lb/acre). Ascorbic acid, total nitrogen, protein and non-protein nitrogen content were significantly increased (p<.01) and the phospholipid content was significantly reduced (p<.01) by phosphorus application. 相似文献
11.
Distribution of proteins and amino acids in milled and brown rice as affected by nitrogen fertilization and genotype 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Huifeng Ning Jiangfang Qiao Zhenghui Liu Zhaomiao Lin Ganghua Li Qiangsheng Wang Shaohua Wang Yanfeng Ding 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010
A field experiment involving six japonica rice cultivars with contrasting agronomic traits and seven nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments was performed to determine the effects of N and genotype on distribution of four kinds of grain proteins and amino acids in milled and brown rice. For brown and milled rice, albumin and globulin were controlled more by genotype than N treatments, whereas prolamin and glutelin were largely determined by N. Substantial genotypic differences in response of milled/brown (M/B) ratios of proteins to N treatments were detected. In comparison with large panicle cultivars, small panicle cultivars such as Wuyujing3 had the lower ratio and exhibited more stability under contrasting N treatments. N had significant influence on amino acid composition of brown and milled rice, with contents of the 17 amino acids measured increasing with elevated N rate. However, cysteine and methionine in brown rice and lysine and methionine in milled rice were not significantly affected by N. In addition, N had little effect on ratios of M/B for most of the amino acids. 相似文献
12.
为了筛选百香果最佳施肥模式,本研究设置5种不同施肥处理：不施肥（CK）、氮磷钾肥（NPK）、有机肥（M）、氮磷钾与有机肥配施（MNPK）、高量氮磷钾与高量有机肥配施（2MNPK）,通过分析比较百香果的生长状况、产量、营养成分差异,进一步采用多元统计分析方法进行主成分分析及综合评价。结果发现：与CK处理相比,NPK、MNPK、2MNPK处理百香果生长最快,尤其在定植66 d后效果最明显。NPK、M、MNPK和2MNPK处理均提高了百香果产量及品质,MNPK、2MNPK处理效果最明显。与CK处理相比,NPK、M、MNPK和2MNPK处理百香果产量分别增产112.86%、74.40%、191.00%、244.30%,维生素、矿质元素、糖类物质、氨基酸含量均有上升趋势,总酸呈下降趋势,2MNPK处理总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸含量分别增加了82.40%、76.11%、76.89%,总酸含量降低了22.61%。对36种指标进行多元统计分析,从中提取了3个主成分因子,其累计方差贡献率为97.925%。建立综合评价模型计算综合总得分排序为2MNPK（123.04）>MNPK（39.06）>M（-12.01）>NPK（-45.36）>CK（-104.73）。说明在这5种施肥处理中,2MNPK处理是百香果种植过程中最佳施肥模式。该研究可以为百香果大面积推广应用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
13.
本研究利用氨基酸自动分析仪对 4 种不同颜色的香水莲花茶的水解氨基酸成分及含量进行检测与分析,并对 香水莲花茶进行营养价值评价,同时测定香水莲花茶中矿质元素含量,从而了解香水莲花茶氨基酸及矿质元素营养价 值。研究结果表明：香水莲花茶中氨基酸种类丰富,4 种不同颜色的香水莲花茶均含有 17 种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为 27.19%~31.69%,其中含量较高的为谷氨酸（Glu）及天门冬氨酸（Asp）;香水莲花茶含有人体所需各种必需氨基酸, 占氨基酸总量的 28.76%~36.60%,鲜味氨基酸占总量的 25.02%~32.44%,药用氨基酸含量丰富,占总量的 60.65%~ 64.39%;香水莲花茶的氨基酸比值系数分 SRC 值为 77.67~79.94,第一限制氨基酸是甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸（Met+Cys）, 其他氨基酸含量均与模式蛋白含量相当;花茶中矿质元素含量丰富,Na、K、Ca、Mg 含量较高,且重金属元素含量在 安全范围之内。因此,香水莲花茶具有较高的营养价值和保健功能,有很大的开发潜力。 相似文献
14.
Zusammenfassung In Schwarzen Holunderbeeren (Sambucus nigra) wurden der Gehalt an Kjeldahl-N, Nitrat-N sowie die freien- und proteingebundenen Aminosäuren bei 2 Stickstoffgaben untersucht. Reife Holunderbeeren erhalten durchschnittlich 17% Trockensubstanz, 0,33% Kjeldahl-N, 1,3% Protein, und 5,1 ppm Nitrat-N. Bezogen auf den Kjeldahl-N macht der Nitrat-N nur 0,2% aus. Die höhere N-Düngung führt zu einem statitisch gesicherten (p<0,01) Anstieg im Gehalt an freien Aminosäuren. Im Vergleich zur Kontrolle (1,5 g/g N) beträgt dieser bei der Variante mit der höheren N-Gabe 2,3 g/g N. Keinen signifikanten Einfluss hat die höhere Stickstoffgabe auf die Trockensubstanz, den Kjeldahl-, den Gesamtaminosäuren und den Nitrat-N. Die Reifung ist durch eine Abnahme des Kjeldahl- und des Gesamtaminosäuren-N charakterisiert. Parallel dazu nimmt der freie Aminosäuren-N während der Reifung zuerst etwas ab und steigt in den späteren Reifestadien stetig an. Die Zunahme ist fast ausschiesslich durch den Anstieg des freien Leucins, Tyrosins und Phenylalanins bedingt. Diese drei Aminosäuren machen im unreifen Zustand 9% und im reifen Stadium 68% der freien Aminosäuren aus.
The influence of maturity and nitrogen fertilization on some nitrogen constituents of black elderberry
The influence of nitrogen fertilization on different nitrogen conctituents (Kjeldahl-N, NO3-N, free- and protein bound amino acids) in ripe black elderberries(Sambucus nigra) was studied. The distribution pattern of these nitrogen forms has been also investigated during the ripening process. Ripe black elderberry fruit contains 17% dry matter, 0,33% Kjeldahl nitrogen, 1,3% protein and 5.1 ppm nitrate nitrogen. Nitrate-N amounts only 0,2% of Kjeldahl-N. Excessive nitrogen fertilization leads to an accumulation of free amino acids. In comparison to the control with 1.5 g/g N, the free amino acid content increases to 2.3 g/g N in the variant with high fertilizer dose. However, the high nitrogen fertilization dose has no effect upon dry matter, Kjeldahl-, total amino acid- and nitrate-N. The ripening process is characterized by a decrease of Kjeldahl- and total amino acid-N concentrations. The total free amino acid content decreases at the beginning of ripening and increases during the later stages of maturation. This increase is primarily caused by an accumulation of leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine. These three amino acids account for 9% of the total free amino acid content in unripe berries and 68% in the ripe fruits.相似文献
15.
利用全自动氨基酸分析仪测定22种主要石斛栽培品种的氨基酸组成和含量,并应用多元统计分析方法对其品质进行分析。结果表明,石斛中以天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸4种氨基酸含量最丰富;蛋氨酸和胱氨酸分别为石斛的第1和第2限制性氨基酸。不同品种石斛的氨基酸含量和组成比例存在一定差异,其中,10种石斛含有17种氨基酸和7种必需氨基酸,11种石斛未检出蛋氨酸或胱氨酸。参照FAO/WHO推荐标准,氨基酸营养价值较高的是线叶石斛、紫瓣石斛、杓唇石斛、玫瑰石斛、紫菀石斛和叠鞘石斛6个品种;采用主成分分析方法和聚类分析,可将22种石斛氨基酸分为4类品质,以石斛氨基酸指标聚类可将22种石斛聚为3类。 相似文献
16.
小麦DH群体氨基酸含量的遗传变异及相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了给小麦营养品质改良提供依据,以花培3号/豫麦57构建的小麦DH群体的168个株系为材料,利用该群体两年的表型数据,对小麦籽粒所含17种氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸及氨基酸总量的遗传变异及其之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,小麦籽粒氨基酸含量组成不平衡,谷氨酸在籽粒总氨基酸中所占比例最高,达25.81%;亮氨酸和脯氨酸次之;赖氨酸和组氨酸在籽粒总氨基酸中所占比例最低,仅2.27%和2.10%。所有氨基酸含量在两个年份中的变异系数均较大（大于7%）,半胱氨酸含量在两个环境中的平均变异系数最大,为23.16%;天冬氨酸含量的平均变异系数最小,为7.62%。除赖氨酸和半胱氨酸含量在两个年份中均不存在相关性外,其余氨基酸含量之间显著或极显著正相关,多数氨基酸含量在两个年份中均存在极显著的正相关;同时两年数据略有差异,说明小麦籽粒氨基酸含量受气候条件影响。 相似文献
17.
18.
菜用大豆食味品质与代谢物的种类和数量显著相关,为研究菜用大豆籽粒代谢物间的相关性,以菜用大豆新品种闽豆6号为材料,采用气质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对不同时期籽粒的代谢物进行相关性分析。结果表明:在检测到的102种代谢物中,有机酸36种,其次为氨基酸21种、多元醇11种、糖9种、磷酸7种、胺类5种、脂肪酸和核苷酸各4种、其它物质5种;对这9类代谢物间的相关性分析表明氨基酸与有机酸、糖及其它类代谢物均成负相关,与多元醇、磷酸、胺、核苷酸以及脂肪酸均呈正相关,相关性达显著或极显著水平;9种糖类代谢物相关分析表明蔗糖与葡萄糖和果糖的相关性达显著或极显著水平;21种氨基酸的相关分析表明除蛋氨酸与半胱氨酸、焦谷氨酸与蛋氨酸和谷氨酸负相关外,其它氨基酸均两两正相关,此外含硫氨基酸蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸以及焦谷氨酸与其它20种氨基酸的相关性较弱;阿魏酸等6种酚酸的相关性分析表明,苯甲酸与其它5种酚酸相关性均不显著;阿魏酸与没食子酸、奎尼酸和莽草酸呈极显著负相关,与芥子酸呈显著正相关;没食子酸与奎尼酸呈极显著正相关,奎尼酸与莽草酸呈极显著正相关。研究结果可为菜用大豆品质改良提供依据。 相似文献
19.
Laila A. Shekib 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,46(3):201-205
Effect of natural fermentation process (4 days) on the non-protein nitrogen, crude and true protein, amino acids content and in vitro digestibility of two kinds of legumes (lentils and chick pea) and two kinds of cereals (rice and wheat) was investigated. Non-protein nitrogen increased significantly (p<0.001) in the fermented products. Little increase has occured in the crude protein while no significant change was observed in the fermented true protein samples. It was observed that methionine and cystine which are considered the limiting amino acids in legume seeds were close to those of FAO/WHO patterns. Also, lysine content (the first limiting amino acid in cereals was higher in fermented rice than that of FAO/WHO pattern. Moreover, fermentation process improved significantly, the in vitro digestibility of both legume and cereal products. 相似文献
20.
W. N. Sawaya J. K. Khalil M. M. Al-Mohammad 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1983,33(1):91-97
Results are reported on the nutritional quality of prickly pear seeds,Opuntia ficus-indica. The seeds contained 16.6% protein, 17.2% fat, 49.6% fiber and 3.0% ash. The meal showed a high amount of iron (9.45 mg %). The contents of Mg, P, K, Zn and Cu were nutritionally significant contributing approximately 10–20% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of these elements per 100 g of dry weight. The amount of Ca represented less than 10% of the RDA for that element. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and glycine were the most abundant amino acids making nearly half of the total amino acids content. The seeds were rich in sulfur amino acids (methionine + cystine). Lysine was the first limiting amino acid resulting in a chemical score of 62 for the protein. The in-vitro protein digestibility and the calculated protein efficiency ratio were 77% and 1.82 compared to 90% and 2.50, respectively, for ANRC casein. 相似文献