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柑桔钾肥施用技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
柑桔钾肥施用技术研究苏以荣，吴福顺，曾馥平（中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所４１０１２５）我国钾矿资源奇缺，钾肥绝大部分依赖进口。进口钾肥绝大部分为氯化钾，少量硫酸钾。由于经济作物常常忌氯，因此施用的钾肥大多是硫酸钾，但硫酸钾易导致土壤酸化，影响作物生... 相似文献
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钾是柑桔生长发育不可缺少的营养元素。众多的研究结果证明,合理施用钾肥对提高柑桔产量和果实品质均具有良好的效果。湖南土壤普遍缺钾,尤以红壤柑桔园缺钾为甚。本试验主要研究在红壤柑桔园施用钾肥对柑桔钾素营养及其产量、果实品质的影响。 相似文献
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钾肥用量和施用时期对苹果产量、品质和果园钾素平衡的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国果树》2016,(5)
为确定苹果生产中钾肥的合理用量和施用时期,在陕西凤翔、山东栖霞、辽宁盖州开展田间试验,研究钾肥用量和施钾时期对苹果产量、品质的影响。结果表明,在陕西凤翔、山东栖霞、辽宁盖州试验点,苹果树密度分别为1 667、889、833株/hm~2的情况下经济最佳钾用量分别为K_2O577、467、1182 kg/hm~2,最高产量施钾量分别为K_2O 582、491、1 190 kg/hm~2。适量施用氯化钾可提高可溶性固形物含量,增加果实硬度,降低果实酸度。钾用量相同下,氯化钾与硫酸钾对苹果产量和品质影响相当。施钾处理果园钾素均有盈余。陕西钾肥适宜的施用时期是50%钾肥花期施,50%钾肥果实膨大期施;山东和辽宁钾肥适宜施用时期是50%钾肥基施,50%钾肥果实膨大期施。果实硬度与K/Ca比呈负相关,施钾有引起果实缺钙风险,因此施钾肥尤其后期施钾应注意补充钙营养。 相似文献
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导读：硫酸钾镁肥不仅含有植物所需的大量营养元素钾,还含有镁和硫2种中量元素,相比于传统的硫酸钾,其镁元素含量增加,与氯化钾相比,其镁和硫元素含量增加。合理施用硫酸钾镁,能提高作物产量与品质。研究发现,增施硫酸钾镁肥对粮食作物和水果、蔬菜等经济作物增产显著,且可提高蔬菜、水果的品质。 相似文献
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不同形态钾肥对马铃薯产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用随机区组设计,研究了在施入等量钾肥的前提下,硫酸钾及氯化钾配施对马铃薯植株生育性状、氨基酸、钾含量等品质和产量及商品薯率的影响。结果表明,等量不同形态钾肥对植株株高和主茎数有一定的影响,对其他生育性状基本无影响;对块茎中蛋氨酸含量无显著影响,对其他类型氨基酸、总氨基酸、还原糖和钾含量有一定影响;对马铃薯产量、经济效益、商品薯率均有一定影响。其中,硫酸钾与氯化钾配施显著提高了株高和主茎数;二者配施提高了块茎中总氨基酸、还原糖和钾的含量;二者配施后冲施黄腐酸显著提高了马铃薯产量、经济效益、商品薯率。二者配施后冲施黄腐酸马铃薯产量和商品薯率均最高,平均667 m2产量达3691.4 kg,且有效降低土壤碱性。单施氯化钾较单施硫酸钾处理更易促进马铃薯块茎中氨基酸合成;而单独施用硫酸钾更易促进钾的吸收,使马铃薯块茎表皮更光滑、有光泽,外观品质更好。 相似文献
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地膜章丘大葱因产量高、效益好,种植面积日益扩大,但在生产中通常使用N、P肥,很少使用K肥,而钾是作物生长发育所必需的三大营养元素之一.施用钾肥可提高植物的抗逆能力,提高农产品的加工贮藏能力,在提高作物产量和品质方面具有重要的作用.为此,在章丘大葱上进行氯化钾小区试验,观察氯化钾对章丘大葱的影响,并确定最佳用量. 相似文献
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钾对黄土区猕猴桃产量和品质的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在黄土区土上研究了猕猴桃不同品种及不同量钾肥与产量品质的关系。连续3年试验结果表明,钾在黄土区猕猴桃上有显著的增产效果和经济效益熏平均增产20.2%,产投比大于2.54。施钾能增加果实可溶糖、维生素C含量及果实硬度熏降低果实酸度,增加糖酸比,提高一级果率及单果重,促进叶生长。氯化钾与硫酸钾在增糖降酸、促进叶生长、提高维生素C方面作用相当,硫酸钾在增加果实硬度、一级果率、叶绿素、氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸方面好于氯化钾,高量钾好于低量钾。过量Cl-不利于果树生长及果实品质的改善。从产量、品质及经济效益综合考虑,以硫酸钾和氯化钾按1∶1掺合施用效果较好,N∶P2O5∶K2O大致比例为1∶0.9∶1.3。猕猴桃施肥以撒施耕翻效果较好。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别. 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献