共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子休眠是品种穗发芽抗性的主导因素,休眠特性与母体效应和胚对ABA的敏感性均有密切关系。为了了解母体对小麦胚的ABA敏感性和种子休眠的影响,为抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据,对穗发芽抗性不同的小麦品种及它们正反交F1后代授粉后不同发育阶段的胚进行了ABA敏感性鉴定,并对收获前的籽粒发芽能力进行了测定。结果表明,在种子发育过程中,不同基因型的离体胚萌发能力存在差异,抗穗发芽品种的胚对ABA敏感性明显高于易穗发芽品种,胚对ABA的敏感性与其萌发能力关系密切,随着萌发能力的升高,胚对ABA的敏感性降低。在成熟种子中,F1的休眠性偏向于抗性亲本。尽管成熟种子和胚的休眠表现出一定的母体效应,但母体对发育至成熟过程中胚的ABA敏感性并没有影响。因而,母体对种子休眠的影响可能与胚的ABA敏感性无关。 相似文献
2.
为了解长江中下游麦区当前推广小麦品种抗穗发芽的特性,采用整穗发芽法、整粒发芽法和半粒发芽法鉴定了20个小麦品种的穗发芽抗性。结果表明,品种间穗发芽抗性存在显著差异,扬麦16、扬麦18、扬麦20、扬麦22、扬辐麦4号、宁麦16等13个品种穗发芽抗性较好,宁麦17、宁麦19、镇麦6号、镇麦8号、镇麦9号、扬麦13和扬麦14等6个品种穗发芽抗性中等,郑麦9023易穗发芽;20个品种的整穗发芽率和取穗当天整粒发芽率差异不显著,且两种方法的发芽率呈极显著正相关,说明整穗发芽法和整粒发芽法都可用于穗发芽抗性鉴定;整粒发芽法中取穗当天与取穗10d后籽粒发芽率较为一致,且极显著正相关,说明这一时段内都可进行抗穗发芽鉴定;取穗30d后所有红粒品种的发芽率都极显著提高,说明此时种子休眠开始解除。18个红粒小麦品种的半粒发芽率极显著高于整粒发芽率,说明种皮对穗发芽有较强的抑制作用。白粒品种郑麦9023收获30d后发芽率与收获当天穗上发芽率、籽粒发芽率,整粒法与半粒法发芽率差异均不显著,说明该品种几乎无休眠特性,且其种皮对穗发芽的抑制作用较小。 相似文献
3.
春小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定及机理研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
对国内外57个春小麦品种（系）开花后不同时期进行穗发芽抗性和α-淀粉酶活性的测定，用改进的凝胶扩散法测定小麦种子α-淀粉酶活性。结果表明，不同春小麦品种的抗穗发育特性及α-淀粉酶活性具有明显差别，来自东北地区的大部分主栽品种的穗发芽抗性中等。总体上，红粒品种的穗发芽抗性比普通白粒品种强，在白粒品种中也存在抗性极强的品种。不同穗型对发芽率的结果影响不大，小麦品种的穗发芽抗性可以用开花后35－40d的籽粒发芽率为指标，不同品种的α-淀粉酶活性物降落值存在显著差异，穗发芽率与种子中α-淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关，与降落值呈显著负相关，开花25－40d期间，穗发芽总体上呈上升趋势,α-淀粉酶有下降趋势，并趋于稳定。 相似文献
4.
5.
为了探讨冬小麦穗发芽敏感性的遗传特点，并为小麦的抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据，对穗发芽敏感性不同的4个红皮和3个白皮小麦品种进行完全双列杂交，并对杂交材料进行配合力分析。结果表明，小麦收获前穗发芽性受加性效应、非加性效应和细胞质效应的共同影响，说明小麦的穗发芽抗性能够稳定地遗传给后代；小麦穗发芽敏感性的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都比较高，说明小麦的穗发芽性主要受遗传因素决定。所以在穗发芽抗性育种中，早代选择是有效的。 相似文献
6.
黄淮地区小麦品种（系）抗穗发芽性的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
１９９７￣１９９８年度对黄淮地区的１４个小麦优良品种（系）进行了穗发芽抗性鉴定,结果表明,红皮品种小麦种子休眠期最长,抗穗发芽性最强,白皮品种之间种子休眠特性与抗穗发芽特性存在较大差异,其中豫麦５４、豫麦１８、矮多晚的穗发芽率均在２％以下,为抗穗发芽品种（系）,豫麦２１的穗发芽率为９２．８％,属对穗发芽敏感的品种。 相似文献
7.
为了解种子颜色目测法和色差计法对小麦穗发芽抗性的鉴定效果,利用这两种方法对1 018份小麦材料种子颜色进行测定,并分析了色差计量指标L~*、a~*、b~*及a~*/b~*、b~*/a~*、a~*/L~*、b~*/L~*值与种子颜色和穗发芽抗性的关系。结果表明:(1)红粒小麦a~*、a~*/b~*和a~*/L~*的均值均显著高于白粒小麦,其他指标均值显著低于白粒小麦;(2)a~*/b~*和b~*/a~*值与种子颜色相关性强,相关系数分别为-0.934和0.941,其线性回归方程可用于判断小麦种子颜色;(3)红粒小麦的穗发芽抗性显著高于白粒小麦,但不同红粒品种之间穗发芽抗性差异很大,变异系数为122.36%;(4)种子颜色及a~*/b~*和b~*/a~*值与穗发芽抗性相关性强,相关系数分别为0.854、-0.831和0.835;其次是a~*/L~*值与穗发芽抗性的相关性,其相关系数为-0.735;(5)目测法获得的种子颜色可解释穗发芽抗性72.9%的变异,色差计参数可解释穗发芽抗性72.5%的变异,但在单独分析时,色差计参数对红粒和白粒小麦穗发芽抗性分别仅能解释11.4%和8.7%的变异。总之,色差计法测量种子颜色,可以作为目测法判别小麦种子颜色的补充方法,用于种子颜色定性和定量比较分析。尽管红粒小麦比白粒小麦抗穗发芽,但鉴于红粒小麦品种(系)间穗发芽抗性差异很大,仍需进行穗发芽抗性鉴定。 相似文献
8.
穗发芽率和发芽指数及STS标记Vp1B3在小麦抗穗发芽基因型鉴定中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了筛选抗穗发芽品种(系)并了解其抗性机制,应用整穗发芽法和发芽指数鉴定了33份小麦新品系的穗发芽抗性,以红粒品种京冬8号和京9428作为抗穗发芽对照,以白粒品种京411和中优9507作为感穗发芽对照,并结合共显性STS标记Vp1B3对其基因型进行检测.结果表明,穗发芽率(SGR)低于抗性对照京冬8号和京9428平均值(12.7%)的品系有7份,其中2份为白粒,5份为红粒.只有一份红粒品系CA0489的发芽指数(GI)低于抗性对照平均值(13.2%).应用STS标记Vp1B3共扩增出849 bp、569 bp和652 bp三种片段,分别属于抗穗发芽基因型Vp1Bb和Vp1Bc及感穗发芽基因型Vp1Ba,其频率分别为3%、18%和79%.红粒抗穗发芽品系CA0489属于Vp1Bb基因型和红色种皮休眠型,CA0481属于Vp1Bc抗穗发芽基因型,另外三份红粒抗穗发芽品系的抗性机理还需要进一步研究;白粒抗穗发芽品系CA0509和CA0459的抗性为非Vp1B3类型,其抗性可能与穗部性状和颖壳抑制物有关. 相似文献
9.
小麦成熟期遭遇穗发芽会严重影响小麦的产量和品质。为了解徐州主要栽培品种的穗发芽抗性及其分子机制,用整穗发芽法、籽粒发芽法考察了5个徐州地区主要推广小麦品种的籽粒休眠和发芽特性,并用10个分子标记对其穗发芽性状进行解析。结果表明,供试品种间整穗发芽率、发芽率和萌发指数均存在不显著、显著或极显著差异。徐农029的整穗发芽率最低,为3.02%,烟农19的整穗发芽率最高,达68.80%。徐农029的发芽率和萌发指数分别为41.00%和21.43%,均极显著低于其父本矮抗58(71.67%、53.10%)和母本淮麦20(89.67%、61.00%),周麦18和烟农19的发芽率均为99.33%,而烟农19的萌发指数(83.95%)高于周麦18的萌发指数(81.43%)。分子标记检测发现,徐农029和淮麦20属于Vp1Bc型抗穗发芽; Xgwm282标记在5个品种中呈2种带型,与穗发芽抗性关系密切。另外,8个抗穗发芽相关分子标记不能很好区分上述5个品种的抗穗发芽特性。 相似文献
10.
11.
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a concern for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) producers, grain processors, and researchers worldwide. Pre-harvest sprouting has been mainly attributed to low dormancy, which is determined by genotype, stage of plant maturation, and environmental conditions during caryopsis development. Fourteen barley genotypes were sown in field experiments at two sites in North Dakota in 2004 and 2005. Spikes were harvested at four different stages: ≈500 g kg−1 moisture content, physiological maturity, harvest maturity, and post-harvest maturity. Results indicated that barley genotypes were released from dormancy at different rates. The 14 barley genotypes were divided into three classes based on their dormancy loss rate during caryopsis development. C93-3230-24 was highly dormant, and ‘Stander’ and ‘Legacy’ were highly susceptible to PHS due to lack of dormancy from as early as 20 d after heading date. All other genotypes fell into the third group that had intermediate dormancy loss rate. No significant correlation was detected between barley α-amylase activity and germination percentage. A moderate association between malt α-amylase activity and caryopsis dormancy suggested that cultivars with increased malt α-amylase activity tend to have low dormancy and may be more prone to PHS. 相似文献
12.
《Field Crops Research》1988,18(4):271-278
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differ in resistance to preharvest sprouting, which can occur when rains precede harvest. The objective of this study was to determine of sprouting resistance was related to endogenous levels of embryonic abscisic acid (ABA) and/or to the degree of embryonic sensitivity (capability of ABA to block embryonic germination) to exogenously applied ABA. Embryonic ABA levels and sensitivity were compared during the grain development period in 1983 and 1984 in a sprouting-resistant cultivar, ‘Brevor’, and a susceptible cultivar, ‘Greer’. The ABA levels were influenced by environment and year but not by cultivar, except at the soft-dough/ hard-dough transition stage of development in both years and at hard-dough stage in 1983. At those stages, Brevor had higher levels of free ABA than Greer. Embryonic ABA level and rate of germination of dissected embryos in water were not related, but the rate of germination was reduced by exogenous ABA (5×10−5M), and was reduced more in Brevor than in Greer. Differences in embryonic sensitivity to ABA, modulated by environmental conditions during the grain-filling period, may contribute to cultivar differences in resistance to preharvest sprouting. 相似文献
13.
14.
Two hundred groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) germplasm accessions and 21 cultivars belonging to the Spanish group (ssp. fastigiata var. vulgaris) were screened for pod loss due to sprouting of seed in the field. Some cultivars were also tested for germination of the fresh-seed with or without testa and treated or untreated with ethrel or abscisic acid (ABA). Large variation in pod loss due to in situ sprouting of seed, and fresh-seed dormancy (FSD) was found among the accessions and cultivars. Fresh-seed dormancy index (FSDI) varied from 2% in Chico to 88% in ICGS 44 (the check with high FSD). Cultivars with an FSDI value of less than 10% showed more pod loss in situ than the cultivars with high FSDI. Thus pod loss due to in situ sprouting increased with a decrease in FSDI. Cultivar SB XI did not show any in situ sprouting or pod loss. A direct relationship (r, 0.86**) existed between fresh-seed germination of accession/cultivar in the laboratory and the percentage of its plants with sprouted seed in the field. Seed of two Spanish cultivars ICGS 11 (dormant) and GG 2 (non-dormant) when tested for germination after treatment with ethrel or ABA at various seed development stages showed different germination response to these chemicals. Seed of GG 2 showed up to 40% germination even at an early stage (S1) of seed development, whereas the seed of ICGS 11 responded to the ethrel only at maturity (S4). Regulation of FSD appeared to be more under the control of the testa than the cotyledons. The variation in the degree of in situ sprouting can be used for breeding Spanish cultivars with various desirable levels of FSD. 相似文献
15.
为了给新疆小麦抗穗发芽育种提供理论依据和品种资源,利用Vp-1基因的功能标记Vp1B3检测了252份新疆小麦品种.结果表明,新疆小麦品种中Vp-1Ba(感穗发芽)、Vp-1Bb(抗穗发芽)和Vp-1Bc(抗穗发芽)基因型的频率分别为54.8%、3.2%和42.0%,以Vp-1Ba基因型为主.其中,冬小麦中抗、感穗发芽基因型的频率分别为39.2%和60.8%,以感穗发芽基因型为主;而春小麦中抗、感穗发芽基因型的频率分别为55.3%和44.7%,抗穗发芽基因型频率较高.农家品种、引进品种和育成品种中Vp-1Ba、Vp-1Bb和Vp-1Bc基因型的分布频率存在明显差异,依次为80.4%、0.0%和19.6%,39.5%、2.6%和57.9%,54.6%、4.6%和40.8%,农家品种和育成品种都以感穗发芽基因型为主.本研究结果还表明,STS标记Vp1B3检测方法简单、稳定性好,将其与整穗发芽法和发芽指数法结合使用,有助于提高选择效率. 相似文献
16.
Preharvest sprouting occurs following rainfall after maturity and reduces grain quality and value. Dormancy at maturity is a trait frequently used by wheat breeders to improve tolerance to sprouting. To determine the environmental influence on the predicative relationship between dormancy at maturity and improved preharvest sprouting tolerance, dormancy (germination index) at maturity and grain quality (falling number) at maturity and then, after rainfall, was measured over three seasons. Based on the results it was possible to draw three main conclusions. Firstly, genotypes with strong dormancy (germination index <0.20) which have the embryo and seed coat component of dormancy maintained a falling number >300 s at all sites and seasons for the 2-month period after maturity despite receiving up to 122 mm of rain. Adequate preharvest sprouting tolerance also occurred in dormant genotypes, with just the embryo component; in all but the most severe conditions. Secondly, though the effect of environment and interaction of genotype and environment was significant, the G by E interaction did not account for a large proportion of the variation (<6%) in sprouting tolerance (measured by falling number after rainfall) or change the relative rankings of preharvest sprouting tolerance. Finally, other defects associated with rainfall during grain filling such as black point and fungal staining may slightly reduce dormancy estimates and preharvest sprouting tolerance. For this reason grain defects need to be improved in parallel with preharvest sprouting tolerance. In conclusion, strong dormancy provides a reliable source of preharvest sprouting tolerance in the field. 相似文献
17.
107份小麦历史品种抗穗发芽基因型的检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了在历史小麦品种中鉴定出抗穗发芽的种质材料,利用与小麦抗穗发芽相关的分子标记Vp1A3和Vp1B3对107份我国小麦历史品种的穗发芽抗性进行综合筛选。结果表明,属于抗穗发芽单倍型Vp-1Agm的材料有3份,分别是郑州742、陕农17、内乡5号;属于抗穗发芽单倍型Vp-1Bb的材料有10份,分别是跃进5号、泰山1号、济南12、泾阳60、复壮30、丰抗15、济农2号、北京8号、济南矮6号、京130;属于抗穗发芽单倍型Vp-1Bc的材料有48份。在具有发芽指数的77份材料中,平均发芽指数小于10%的抗穗发芽基因型材料有5份,分别为安选2号、烟农15、郑州683、郑州742、克群。该研究结果为小麦抗穗发芽育种中抗性亲本的选择提供了基因水平的依据,拓宽了小麦抗穗发芽育种亲本的选择范围。 相似文献