共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
OBJECTIVES: To describe a method of tightening nylon loops secured with a crimping system for extracapsular fabello-tibial stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle and to compare this with a method using a commercially available tensioning device.STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical testing.METHODS: Fourteen standardized nylon loops were tensioned using a tensioning device and secured with crimp clamps. Another 14 loops were tightened by partially securing the crimp clamp, followed by tightening of the loop by hand, before definitively securing the crimp clamp. Loops were loaded to failure in a materials testing machine.RESULTS: Mean ultimate loads for instrument-tightened and hand-tightened loops were 383.7 and 371.4 N, respectively. Mean stiffness values for instrument-tightened and hand-tightened loops were 59.7 and 59.3 N/mm, respectively. These differences were not significant.CONCLUSIONS: The hand tightening method does not affect the mechanical properties of the loop.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The hand tightening method described is a valuable technique for unassisted surgeons without access to tensioning devices. 相似文献
2.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanical properties of the 18 and 36 kg Securos Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical evaluation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Loop constructs of 18, 27, and 36 kilogram test (kgt) nylon leader line (NLL) secured with Securos crimp-clamps (SCC, n=40 per NLL test weight) or by a clamped square knot (CSK; n=40/NLL test weight). METHODS: The 36 kg SCC were used for the 27 and 36 kgt NLL, and 18 kg SCC were used for the 18 kgt NLL. Loop constructs were mounted on a material testing machine, and distracted at 500 mm/min for static tests, and for cyclic tests at 500 mm/min to a distraction limit of 6 mm (18 kgt) or 7.5 mm (27 and 36 kgt) for 49 cycles, until failure. Constructs were tested at 20 degrees C except for 1 group of 27 kgt CSK loops tested at 40 degrees C. Load at failure, elongation, and stiffness was recorded and compared between groups under static or cyclic testing conditions. RESULTS: All 27 and 36 kgt loops failed by disruption of NLL contained within the knot or crimp-clamp, whereas 18 kgt SCC loops failed by the NLL pulling through the crimp-clamp. The 18 kg SCC loops had considerable variability in ultimate load and elongation (coefficient of variation 29.6% and 18.3%, respectively). There was no significant difference in elongation between 27.3 kgt CSK loops tested at 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C. Generally, in both static and cyclic testing, SCC constructs formed with 27.3 or 36.4 kgt NLL performed as well or better than CSK constructs, resulting in loops that were strong, underwent minimal elongation, and had high stiffness. CONCLUSION: The results support use of the 36 kg Securos system but not the 18 kg Securos system (with the clamp and crimping device used). The significantly lower load required for failure, slippage through the clamp, and substantial variability suggested that the crimp tube diameter or the crimping device tested may be inappropriate for use with 18 kgt NLL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Surgeons should be aware that crimp-clamp design is important in controlling suture slippage or breakage within the clamp, and that novel systems should undergo mechanical testing with the size suture material they are intended to secure before clinical use. 相似文献
3.
C. COLLINS ANDERSON III DVM JAMES L. TOMLINSON DVM MVSC Diplomate ACVS WILLIAM R. DALY DVM Diplomate ACVS WILLIAM L. CARSON PhD JOHN T. PAYNE DVM MS Diplomate ACVS COLETTE C. WAGNER-MANN DVM PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(6):533-539
Objective —To test a crimp clamp system designed to secure monofilament nylon leader (MNL) material commonly used as lateral fabellotibial sutures (LFS) in extra-articular stabilization of the canine stifle joint.
Study Design — In vitro biomechanical tests of MNL loops secured with either the crimp clamp system or knots were performed. Suture loops (n = 94) were created from 27.3 kg tensile strength MNL and fastened with knots or crimp clamps. Tests were conducted on steam-sterilized, ethylene-oxide-sterilized, and nonsterilized MNL sutures. Loops were evaluated in single load tests and cycled tests. Values for load to failure, initial loop tension, loop elongation, mode of failure, and point of failure were determined.
Results —Crimp-clamped loops were superior to knotted loops in all parameters tested in both cycled and noncycled tests. Loop failure generally occurred by breaking within 3 mm of the fixation in both clamped and knotted tests. Loop elongation after cycling was greater in the knotted loops compared with clamped loops ( P < .001). Load to failure was greater in clamped tests than in knotted tests (P < .001), regardless of sterilization technique used. Significantly higher initial loop tension could be achieved with the clamp system compared with knot fixation ( P < .001).
Conclusions —The crimp clamp system provides superior in vitro loop fixation characteristics compared with knot fixation in 27.3 kg test MNL.
Clinical Relevance —Based on the results of biomechanical testing and the known biocompatibility of the system's implant components, clinical trials using the crimp clamp system are warranted. 相似文献
Study Design — In vitro biomechanical tests of MNL loops secured with either the crimp clamp system or knots were performed. Suture loops (n = 94) were created from 27.3 kg tensile strength MNL and fastened with knots or crimp clamps. Tests were conducted on steam-sterilized, ethylene-oxide-sterilized, and nonsterilized MNL sutures. Loops were evaluated in single load tests and cycled tests. Values for load to failure, initial loop tension, loop elongation, mode of failure, and point of failure were determined.
Results —Crimp-clamped loops were superior to knotted loops in all parameters tested in both cycled and noncycled tests. Loop failure generally occurred by breaking within 3 mm of the fixation in both clamped and knotted tests. Loop elongation after cycling was greater in the knotted loops compared with clamped loops ( P < .001). Load to failure was greater in clamped tests than in knotted tests (P < .001), regardless of sterilization technique used. Significantly higher initial loop tension could be achieved with the clamp system compared with knot fixation ( P < .001).
Conclusions —The crimp clamp system provides superior in vitro loop fixation characteristics compared with knot fixation in 27.3 kg test MNL.
Clinical Relevance —Based on the results of biomechanical testing and the known biocompatibility of the system's implant components, clinical trials using the crimp clamp system are warranted. 相似文献
4.
OBJECTIVE: To compare mechanical properties of knotted and crimped nylon loops. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical evaluation. SAMPLE POPULATION: Loops of 27 kg-test nylon leader. Single strand-clamped square knot compared with 2 crimp systems. Two strand--self-locking knot compared with 2 crimped loops. METHODS: (a) Single pull to failure (n = 10) at 500 mm/min. Initial loop tension (N), peak load (N), peak elongation (mm), stiffness of the linear portion of the curve (N/mm), and failure mode were recorded. (b) Incremental cyclic loading to failure (n = 5)--each loop was cycled 5 times to 100 N at a loading rate of 200 mm/min. Cycling was repeated, with the load increased by 50 N after each set. Elongation (mm), tension remaining (N), and after permanent deformation was present, elongation at 10 N (mm) were measured. RESULTS: Initial tension and stiffness were greater for crimped loops when compared with knotted loops. There were no differences between crimped loops. The self-locking knot elongated more, and was less stiff, when compared with 2 crimped loops. With incremental loading, knotted loops elongated more than crimped loops. The tension remaining in the loop fell below 10 N more quickly for knotted loops compared with crimped loops. CONCLUSION: Crimped loops are stiffer, and resist both static and cyclic load more effectively before becoming permanently elongated, when compared with knotted loops. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Stifle stability will be maintained more effectively by crimped nylon loops when compared with knotted loops. 相似文献
5.
MATTHIEU GATINEAU DMV LOUIS HUNEAULT DMV MSc Diplomate ACVS BERTRAND LUSSIER DMV MSc Diplomate ACVS JOSIANE LEFEVRE-LAVOIE MSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):48-53
Objective— To compare the effects of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP) and ethylene oxide (EO) sterilizations on the mechanical properties of nylon lines used for stabilization of the canine stifle. Secondarily, to compare the performance of crimped and knotted lines.
Study Design— In vitro mechanical evaluation.
Sample Population— Nonsterilized, EO- and HPGP-sterilized specimens of 36.3 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and 57.8 kg test nylon fishing line (NFL).
Methods— Single strands and looped specimens of NLL or NFL were positioned on a material testing machine. To create looped specimens, NLL were crimped using the Securos system, and NFL were knotted, as used clinically. Elongation (%) and ultimate load (N) variables were studied.
Results— Elongation and ultimate load of NLL groups were not significantly different between EO and HPGP. For NFL, HPGP sterilization led to slightly greater elongation than EO in loops only. Ultimate load of NFL single strands was not significantly different between EO and HPGP, but was higher after HPGP compared with EO in NFL loops. All NLL groups had less elongation and ultimate load than NFL.
Conclusion— The effects of HPGP on NLL compared positively to EO, making HPGP an attractive alternative. As HPGP led to a slightly greater elongation of NFL than EO, the latter could be favored to sterilize NFL. Crimped NLL minimized elongation better than knotted NFL.
Clinical Relevance— Sterilization with HPGP seems a good alternative to EO for NLL. EO may be a better choice for NFL; however, it is difficult to judge the clinical relevance of this result. Crimped NLL minimizes elongation and may help reducing the recurrence of stifle instability postoperatively. 相似文献
Study Design— In vitro mechanical evaluation.
Sample Population— Nonsterilized, EO- and HPGP-sterilized specimens of 36.3 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and 57.8 kg test nylon fishing line (NFL).
Methods— Single strands and looped specimens of NLL or NFL were positioned on a material testing machine. To create looped specimens, NLL were crimped using the Securos system, and NFL were knotted, as used clinically. Elongation (%) and ultimate load (N) variables were studied.
Results— Elongation and ultimate load of NLL groups were not significantly different between EO and HPGP. For NFL, HPGP sterilization led to slightly greater elongation than EO in loops only. Ultimate load of NFL single strands was not significantly different between EO and HPGP, but was higher after HPGP compared with EO in NFL loops. All NLL groups had less elongation and ultimate load than NFL.
Conclusion— The effects of HPGP on NLL compared positively to EO, making HPGP an attractive alternative. As HPGP led to a slightly greater elongation of NFL than EO, the latter could be favored to sterilize NFL. Crimped NLL minimized elongation better than knotted NFL.
Clinical Relevance— Sterilization with HPGP seems a good alternative to EO for NLL. EO may be a better choice for NFL; however, it is difficult to judge the clinical relevance of this result. Crimped NLL minimizes elongation and may help reducing the recurrence of stifle instability postoperatively. 相似文献
6.
Giles JT Coker D Rochat MC Payton ME Subramarian V Bartels KE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(1):12-21
Objective— Biomechanical analysis of acute load to failure (ALF) of 3 veterinary and 1 human suture anchor and cyclic load to failure with two suture material/suture anchor constructs in canine femoral condyles.
Study Design— Biomechanical in vitro study.
Sample Population— Cadaveric femora from 20–30 kg dogs.
Methods— Three veterinary and 1 human suture anchor were placed in the cranial and caudal aspects of the femoral condyle and subjected to 0° ALF. Anchors were loaded with 5 USP Fiberwire or 27 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and subjected to 90° cyclic testing for 10,000 cycles followed by ALF at 90°.
Results— No significant difference in ALF for any anchor type was detected in the cranial aspect of the femoral condyle; however all veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal aspect of the femoral condyle. In cyclic testing, the constructs in descending order (most cycles to least) were: (1) FlexiTwist/NLL, (2) Securos/Fiberwire, Securos/NLL, (3) IMEX/Fiberwire, IMEX/NLL, and (4) FlexiTwist/Fiberwire, Fastin/Fiberwire. Fiberwire was significantly stronger than NLL in post-cycling ALF testing.
Conclusions— Veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal versus cranial aspect of the femoral condyle. Except for the FlexiTwist in which NLL performed better, Fiberwire and NLL both had similar cyclic performance with each veterinary anchor type. The veterinary anchors exceeded the human anchor in ALF and cycles to failure.
Clinical Relevance— The tested veterinary suture anchors with Fiberwire or NLL may be used in the femoral condyle, preferably in the caudal aspect, and should withstand estimated loading conditions in appropriately confined postoperative canine patients. 相似文献
Study Design— Biomechanical in vitro study.
Sample Population— Cadaveric femora from 20–30 kg dogs.
Methods— Three veterinary and 1 human suture anchor were placed in the cranial and caudal aspects of the femoral condyle and subjected to 0° ALF. Anchors were loaded with 5 USP Fiberwire or 27 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and subjected to 90° cyclic testing for 10,000 cycles followed by ALF at 90°.
Results— No significant difference in ALF for any anchor type was detected in the cranial aspect of the femoral condyle; however all veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal aspect of the femoral condyle. In cyclic testing, the constructs in descending order (most cycles to least) were: (1) FlexiTwist/NLL, (2) Securos/Fiberwire, Securos/NLL, (3) IMEX/Fiberwire, IMEX/NLL, and (4) FlexiTwist/Fiberwire, Fastin/Fiberwire. Fiberwire was significantly stronger than NLL in post-cycling ALF testing.
Conclusions— Veterinary anchors had higher ALF in the caudal versus cranial aspect of the femoral condyle. Except for the FlexiTwist in which NLL performed better, Fiberwire and NLL both had similar cyclic performance with each veterinary anchor type. The veterinary anchors exceeded the human anchor in ALF and cycles to failure.
Clinical Relevance— The tested veterinary suture anchors with Fiberwire or NLL may be used in the femoral condyle, preferably in the caudal aspect, and should withstand estimated loading conditions in appropriately confined postoperative canine patients. 相似文献
7.
OBJECTIVE: To report the use of a nylon suture system (Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System; Securos Inc Veterinary Orthopedics) as a prosthesis for equine laryngoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental and prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Cadaver specimens (n = 5) and 7 horses with left laryngeal hemiplegia. METHODS: A commercially available monofilament nylon suture system was implanted as a laryngeal prosthesis. Arytenoid cartilage abduction was achieved with a tensioning device applied to the suture prosthesis during transnasal endoscopic observation. Suture fixation was achieved with crimping clamps and a crimping device. RESULTS: The nylon suture system was suitable as a laryngeal prosthesis for arytenoid cartilage abduction. The ratchet mechanism of the tensioning device facilitated abduction of the arytenoid cartilage and suture fixation was achieved by the crimped clamp without any loss of tension. Postoperatively, there was a slight loss of tension in 4 horses and complete loss of tension in 1 horse because of cartilage failure. After convalescence, none of the horses had abnormal respiratory noise, exercise intolerance or cough. CONCLUSIONS: A nylon suture system designed for canine cranial cruciate ligament repair was used successfully as a laryngeal prosthesis and facilitated control of the degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction during laryngoplasty. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For improved control of the degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction during laryngoplasty, use of a nylon suture system with metal crimps should be considered. 相似文献
8.
Douglas J. Huber DVM MS Diplomate ABVP Erick L. Egger DVM Diplomate ACVS Susan P. James PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(4):260-267
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of knotting method on the mechanical properties of large diameter nonabsorbable monofilament suture materials. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical evaluation. METHODS: A conventional square knot was compared with the surgeon's knot, sliding half-hitch, and clamped square knot. Knotted suture loops were created in a uniform manner and acutely tensioned to failure (20 mm/min loading rate; n = 20 per knot type for each material). Stiffness, yield, and failure characteristics of USP #2 nylon, #2 polybutester, #2 polypropylene, 27 kg test monofilament nylon fishing line, and 27 kg nylon leader material were evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with a conventional square knot, a surgeon's knot decreased stiffness for #2 polypropylene, 27 kg fishing line, and 27 kg leader (P < .05). A sliding half-hitch weakened all materials except 27 kg leader (P < .05). Clamping the first throw of a square knot increased the stiffness of 27 kg leader loops (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinically relevant parameters (stiffness and yield), knotting method had no effect on #2 nylon and #2 polybutester. The surgeon's knot is not recommended for #2 polypropylene and 27 kg fishing line and leader material. A sliding half-hitch decreased the yield of leader material. Clamping the first throw of a square knot had no adverse effects on acute properties of tested materials; it increased the stiffness for leader material. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knotting method does influence the structural properties of suture materials and should be considered when tying knots under tension. 相似文献
9.
RICHARD BURGESS BVM&S STEVE ELDER BS MS PhD RON McLAUGHLIN DVM DVSc Diplomate ACVS PETER CONSTABLE BVSc MS PhD Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(2):208-215
Objective— To compare biomechanical properties of 3 new generation polyethylene sutures (FiberTape [FT], FiberWire [FW], and OrthoFiber [OF]) with nylon leader line (NL) for use during extraarticular fixation of cranial cruciate deficient stifles. Study Design— In vitro biomechanical testing of suture loops under monotonic tensile and cyclical loading until failure. Sample Population— Constructs of FT, FW, OF, and NL. Methods— Twenty loops of each of 12 combinations of fixation and suture had monotonic tensile and cyclical loading. Two knotting techniques (square knot [SQ], slip knot [SL]) and a crimp clamp (CR) system were evaluated. Elongation, stiffness, and strength of constructs was tested. The main effects of group, loop material, and their interaction were evaluated. Results— Knotted FT, FW, and OF had less elongation than knotted NL under monotonic tensile and cyclical loading. Under monotonic tensile loading, knotted FT and OF were stiffer than knotted NL. CR FT, CR FW, and CR OF were stiffer than CR NL and CR FT, CR FW, and CR OF were stiffer than knotted FT, FW, and OF. FW and OF knotted loops were weaker than knotted NL. CR FT was stronger than CR NL. CR FT and CR OF were weaker than knotted FT and OF. Conclusions— Polyethylene sutures are stronger, stiffer and elongate less than nylon leader. Crimping suture alters the biomechanical properties of the loop. Clinical Relevance— FW, FT, and OF may perform better in reconstructive procedures, where increased strength and stiffness are considered to be beneficial. 相似文献
10.
Objective: Mechanical evaluation of 2 suture constructs for extracapsular stifle stabilization. Study Design: In vitro study. Sample Population: Crimped interlocking loop constructs (ILC) of 45 kg nylon leader line (NLL) and Orthofiber® (OF). Methods: ILC were tightened to 100 N, then crimp secured. Ramp to failure (n=10/group)—Data were derived from force/displacement plots. Stress–relaxation testing (n=10/group)—ILC's were nondestructively loaded and held at resultant displacement as force data were recorded. Incremental, cyclic loading (n=10/group)—ILC's were loaded (5 cycles/set) starting at 100 N and incrementally increased by 50 N (1 and 3 Hz protocols). Loop tension and elongation were recorded after each set. Results: Ramp to failure—initial loop tension was similar (NLL 75.5 ± 9.5 N; OF 68.7 ± 10.4 N, P=.140). Tested OF constructs were stiffer (NLL 125.7 ± 4.0; OF 234.6 ± 25.0 N/mm, P≤.001), had lower yield load (NLL 193.6 ± 13.8; OF 137.3 ± 94.3 N, P≤.001), lower peak load (NLL 873.7 ± 68.6; OF 653.6 ± 80.2 N, P≤.001), and lower elongation at failure (NLL 19.1 ± 1.4; OF 5.2 ± 1.0 mm, P≤.001) and at yield (NLL 1.52 ± 0.2; OF 0.3 ± 0.6 mm, P=.003) than NLL constructs. Yield in NLL ILC's was variable knot tightening/crimp slippage, but only crimp‐suture slippage in OF. Stress–relaxation testing—OF demonstrated greater relaxation. Incremental, cyclic loading—induced ILC elongation and tension loss in both groups, independent of loading frequency. NLL lost tension at lower rate, but elongated more than OF. Conclusions: NLL construct is mechanically superior to OF construct. 相似文献
11.
Mechanical comparison of materials used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle joint in dogs
Objective The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The ability of No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material, when placed as extra-capsular sutures, to mitigate cranial drawer was evaluated in hindlimbs of cadavers. Design An in vitro mechanical study. Animals Seven pairs of hindlimbs harvested from adult greyhound dogs recently euthanased for other reasons. Procedure Samples of each material, including samples of 27 kg test leader material that had been sterilised by one of three methods (ethylene oxide, one or five cycles in an autoclave), were loaded to determine tensile and stress relaxation properties. The effect of cyclic loading on a No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 36 kg test leader material was also determined. Using the harvested hindlimbs, cranial drawer was measured before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament and on the first and twelfth cycle following extra-capsular stabilisation with either No. 5 polybu-tilate-coated multifilament suture or 36 kg test leader material. Results Leader material was found to have the most suitable mechanical characteristics for use as extracapsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. Of the sterilisation methods, ethylene oxide was found to have the least detrimental effects on the handling and material characteristics of the leader material. Stifles stabilised with 36 kg test leader material had significantly less drawer than those stabilised with No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester suture. Clinical implications Monofilament nylon leader material would appear to have suitable mechanical properties for extra-capsular stabilisation of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle. If possible the material should be sterilised using ethylene oxide. 相似文献
12.
PAUL A. KLOC II DVM MA MICHAEL P. KOWALESKI DVM Diplomate ACVS ALAN S. LITSKY MD ScD NANCY O. BROWN VMD Diplomate ACVS ACVIM KENNETH A. JOHNSON MVSc PhD Diplomate ACVS ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(1):40-48
Objective— To compare the axial compression stiffness of osteotomized canine tibiae stabilized with Slocum, Securos, or Synthes plates after a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure. Study Design— In vitro, paired comparison of cadaveric tibial constructs subjected to mechanical testing under an axial load. Sample Population— Canine tibiae (n=16 pairs) from skeletally mature male and female dogs of various breeds (18–55 kg). Methods— Tibial pairs (n=16) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study cohorts (n=8 pairs/cohort): cohort 1, tibial osteotomy stabilization with a Slocum or a Securos plate, or cohort 2, tibial osteotomy stabilization with a Slocum or a Synthes plate. One tibia from each pair was stabilized with 1 of each plate design assigned to the cohort after TPLO. A 3.2 mm osteotomy gap was maintained during plate application in all constructs. Load and axial displacement were recorded while constructs were loaded to 2000 N in axial compression. Failure loads were not reported because no distinct yield point or failure point was evident within the load range for many specimens. Failure modes were recorded for each construct, and photographs of typical failures were obtained. Stiffness (N/mm) was calculated from load–displacement curves. Paired comparisons of mean stiffness were performed within study groups using a paired t‐test. Significance was set at P<.05. Results— The mean construct stiffnesses for the Slocum (383±183 N/mm) and Securos (258±64.1 N/mm) constructs were not significantly different (P=.164; power=0.566). The mean construct stiffness for the Synthes constructs (486±91.0 N/mm) was significantly greater than that of the Slocum constructs (400±117 N/mm); P=.0468. Modes of failure for the Slocum (16/16) and Securos (8/8) constructs included plastic deformation of the implant with valgus deformity combined with fibular luxation (2/16 Slocum; 1/8 Securos) or fibular fracture (2/16 Slocum; 4/8 Securos). Most Synthes constructs underwent elastic deformation (7/8). One Synthes construct fractured in the saggital plane through the tibial plateau depression at the point of load application. Conclusions— The Slocum and Securos plate/tibia construct have similar stiffness, whereas the Synthes/tibia constructs are significantly stiffer than the Slocum/tibia constructs. Modes of fixation failure observed in this model were consistent with TPLO fixation failures observed clinically. Clinical relevance— Construct stiffness in axial load varies with implant type. Implants that confer higher stiffness to the construct may result in greater fixation stability in tibial metaphyseal osteotomies. 相似文献
13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanical properties of 5 types of fishing material, 2 sterilization methods, and a commercially designed crimp-clamp system for the extra-articular repair of the canine stifle joint. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Animals were not used in this study. METHODS: Two brands of monofilament nylon fishing line and 3 brands of monofilament nylon leader line were used to determine the effect of steam and ethylene oxide sterilization on strength and elongation of the material. A strand of 36-kg test monofilament nylon fishing material was wrapped around 2 rods or knotted to form a loop around 2 rods on a materials-testing machine. Ten trials of each brand of unsterilized, steam-sterilized, and ethylene oxide-sterilized fishing material were tested. A strand of each material was elongated to failure at a constant displacement of 1,000 mm/min to determine strength. A strand of each material was cycled 10 times to a load of 50 N to determine percent elongation. The brand of fishing material with the greatest strength and least elongation was crimped to form a loop around 2 rods on a materials-testing machine and tested as described above. ANOVA was used to determine the effect of sterilization method, brand of material, knot, wrap, and crimp on strength and elongation of the material, and a post-hoc t test was used when significant differences were found. A Student t test was used to compare fixation techniques (wrap, knot, and crimp). RESULTS: Sterilization by steam or ethylene oxide had no significant effect on the strength of the nylon fishing material. Steam sterilization resulted in significant increases (2- to 4-fold) in elongation of most nylon fishing material when compared with unsterilized material. Ethylene oxide sterilization had minimal effect on elongation of the fishing material. Mason leader line showed no significant change in strength or elongation regardless of sterilization method. Significantly less strength and significantly less elongation were demonstrated in Mason leader line that was crimped as compared with Mason leader line that was knotted. CONCLUSION: Ethlylene oxide was the preferred method of sterilization to preserve strength and minimize elongation of the fishing material. Of the materials tested, Mason leader line had the least elongation and the greatest preservation of strength when ethylene oxide was used as the sterilization method. Mason leader line and Sufix fishing line were comparable choices when steam was used as the sterilization method. Significantly less elongation was demonstrated in crimped Mason leader line as compared with knotted Mason leader line. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Of the materials tested, Mason leader line and Sufix fishing line had the best mechanical properties for extracapsular stabilization of the canine stifle joint. Crimping is an attractive alternative to knotting and results in a reduction in elongation of the nylon fishing material. 相似文献
14.
Strength Characteristics and Failure Modes of Locking-Loop and Three-Loop Pulley Suture Patterns in Equine Tendons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
HENRY W. JANN DVM MS DiplomateACVs LARRY E. STEIN PhD JAMES K. GOOD PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(1):28-33
Size 3-0 polydioxanone was used as a single strand, single braid (3 strands), or double braid (6 strands) to create six suture material-pattern combinations for equine tenorrhaphy: single-strand locking loop, single-braid locking loop, double-braid locking loop, single-strand three-loop pulley, single-braid three-loop pulley, and double-braid three-loop pulley. Maximum load to failure for the single-strand locking loop (46.1 +/- 2.9 newtons [N]) was less than for all other sutures (range, 103-155 N). The load required to form a 2 mm gap between tendon ends was greater for the single-braid three-loop pulley (66.7 +/- 6.9 N) and double-braid three-loop pulley (85.4 +/- 17.7 N) than any other sutures. The load required to produce a 10 mm gap was least for the single-strand locking loop (34.3 +/- 3.9 N) and greatest for the double-braid three-loop pulley (131.5 +/- 27.5 N). Gap between tendon ends at maximum load was greater for the single-braid (18.1 +/- 0.9 mm) and double-braid (19.2 +/- 2.2 mm) locking loops than for any other sutures. Suture material broke in 53% of the locking-loop tests but in only 17% of the three-loop pulley tests. Tendon matrix disruption accounted for 43% of the locking-loop failures and 77% of the three-loop pulley failures. The three-loop pulley pattern provided more support, less tendon distraction, and less tendon matrix constriction and distortion than the locking-loop pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
15.
The three-loop pulley suture versus two locking-loop sutures for the repair of canine achilles tendons 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
OBJECTIVE: To compare a 3-loop pulley suture pattern with 2 locking-loop sutures for the repair of components of the canine Achilles mechanism. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro biomechanical study. ANIMALS: Forty-eight paired tendons collected from 9 canine cadavers. METHODS: Paired tendons were repaired with either a 3-loop pulley suture or 2 locking-loop sutures and tensile tested to failure. To ensure accurate anastomosis gap measurement a direct, non-contact, method of gap measurement, using digital video, was devised. Load initiating gap formation (defined as load at a 1 mm gap) and load producing a 3 mm gap were evaluated in addition to maximum load, gap at failure, mode of failure, and time spent placing the sutures. RESULTS: Maximum load values were similar for both repairs. The mean 1 mm gap loads were 44.0 and 18.4 N, and the mean 3 mm gap loads were 56.3 and 34.7 N, for the 3-loop pulley pattern and the 2 locking-loops, respectively; these differences were statistically significant. The 3-loop pulley pattern was faster to place and resulted in a smaller gap at failure. All but 2 repairs failed by suture pull out. CONCLUSIONS: The 3-loop pulley pattern is more resistant to gap formation during tensile loading, and is quicker to place, than 2 locking-loop sutures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gap formation can significantly delay tendon healing. Tendon repairs with a gap >3 mm are reported to be at increased risk of rupture during the first 6 weeks postoperatively. 相似文献
16.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanical properties of canine arytenoid cartilage-suture constructs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eighty canine cadaveric larynges. METHODS: Arytenoid cartilage-suture constructs were loaded to failure on a materials testing machine. The effect of hole size, suture configuration, suture size, and rate of distraction on load at failure, displacement at failure, energy to failure, and construct stiffness were evaluated. Polypropylene sutures were used exclusively. Specific variables evaluated were: (1) hole size-SH needle, 22, 20, and 18 ga hypodermic needles; (2) suture configurations-single dorsal and ventral articular sutures, double sutures, horizontal mattress, locking loop, and single non-articular sutures; (3) suture size-1, 0, 2-0, and 3-0; and (4) distraction rate-0.83 and 36.66 mm/s. RESULTS: Hole size had no effect on any biomechanical variable. Double suture and horizontal mattress configurations had the highest median load and energy at failure. Single dorsal suture configurations that did not include the arcuate crest had the lowest median load at failure. Larger suture sizes tended to result in stiffer constructs. Cartilage-suture constructs behaved in a viscoelastic manner where load at failure, energy at failure, and stiffness increased when distraction rate was increased, whereas displacement at failure did not. Most constructs failed by suture pullout regardless of distraction rate, although 50% of horizontal mattress configurations failed by avulsion of the muscular process. CONCLUSION: Suture and hole sizes appear to have few effects on the biomechanical performance of arytenoid-suture constructs. Double-suture and horizontal mattress suture patterns had the best overall mechanical properties for arytenoid lateralization. Single-suture techniques, which do not incorporate the arcuate crest, were biomechanically inferior. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cumbersome large-diameter sutures offer no advantage over smaller sutures when performing arytenoid lateralization. The cross-sectional geometry of the muscular process should be taken into account when placing sutures in the arytenoid cartilages. Single-suture techniques that do not incorporate the arcuate crest should be avoided. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine failure strength, stiffness, and failure mode of 4 suture materials in equine linea alba. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized complete block design. SAMPLE POPULATION: Linea albas collected from 12 adult horses (mean weight, 475 kg; mean age, 10 years). METHODS: The ventral abdominal fascia, including the linea alba, was collected and bisected along the linea alba into right and left halves. Each half was divided into four, 5-cm sections extending from the umbilicus cranially, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 suture materials: 2 polydioxanone (2 PD), 3 polyglactin 910 (3 PG), 6 polyglactin 910 (6 PG), and 7 polydioxanone (7 PD). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each specimen at a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Differences in failure strength and stiffness for the materials were evaluated using a mixed linear model with significance set at P<.05. RESULTS: In 94 of 96 test sections, constructs failed by suture failure. There were significant differences in failure strength (P<.0001) and stiffness (P<.001) among the suture/tissue constructs. 7 PD had the highest breaking strength (316.8 N) followed by 6 PG (281.3 N), 3 PG (229.9 N), and 2 PD (193.0 N). Six PG had the largest stiffness (14 N/mm) followed by 3 PG (12.7 N/mm), 7 PD (10.1 N/mm), and 2 PD (7.2 N/mm). Suture breaking strength and stiffness were not affected by linea or fascia thickness, individual horse, half of the linea alba, or abdominal wall position. Eighty-five (90.4%) suture loops failed adjacent the knot. CONCLUSIONS: When tested in single cycle to failure, suture material was more likely to fail than the linea alba. Larger suture materials had higher breaking strengths than smaller suture materials and stiffness was also affected by suture material and size. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Given its high initial breaking strength and its relatively longer in vivo strength retention, 7 PD seems an appropriate choice of suture material for closure of the equine linea alba when maximal short-term failure strength is desired. 相似文献
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Pierre‐Yves Mulon DMV DES Diplomate ACVS Fouad Zhim MScA L'Hocine Yahia PhD André Desrochers DMV MS Diplomate ACVS & ECBHM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(5):561-565
Objective— To evaluate the effect of 6 different knotting methods on the mechanical properties of 3 large absorbable suture materials used in large animal surgery. Study Design— In vitro mechanical study. Sample Population— Knotted suture loops (n=15 per group). Methods— Suture loops were created between two low‐friction pulleys with either 2 polydioxanone, 2 polyglactin 910 or 3 polyglactin 910. Strands were tied using 1 of 6 knotting technique: square knot, surgeon knot, clamped surgeon's knot, sliding half‐hitch knot (HH), Delimar knot and self‐locking knot (SLK). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each suture loop with a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Failure modes were evaluated and breaking strength, elongation to failure and stiffness were compared. Results— All loops except two HH failed at the knot by acute breaking. The double‐stranded SLK was both stronger and stiffer than all other knots for each suture material. Clamping the first throw of the surgeon knot decreased load to failure significantly (143.11 ± 8.64 N) compared with not clamping (159.21 ± 6.14 N) for polydioxanone. Stiffness and elongation to failure were respectively lower and increased for 2 polydioxanone compared with both polyglactin 910 materials for all knotting techniques. Conclusions— Knotting techniques do influence structural properties of suture loops. The double strand loop conferred stiffer and stronger properties to the SLK Clinical Relevance— Clamping the first throw of polydioxanone should be avoided when tying a suture under tension even using large diameter suture materials. Using a SLK might be considered as a useful alternative when excessive tension is present. 相似文献
19.
OBJECTIVE: To compare ease of insertion, load to failure, and mode of failure of cortical and cancellous screws, BoneBiter, IMEX, and TwinFix suture anchors in canine metaphyseal tibial bone. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental biomechanical study. ANIMALS: Canine cadaveric tibias. METHODS: One investigator inserted all anchors and subjectively evaluated ease of placement. Anchor systems were loaded to failure along axis of insertion with audio-video recording to determine failure mode. RESULTS: BoneBiter was the most difficult anchor to insert successfully. Mean+/-SD loads to failure were cancellous screw (711+/-193 N), IMEX 4.7 mm 18 g wire (661+/-163 N), IMEX 4.0 mm 18 g wire (661+/-165 N), cortical screw (635+/-184 N), BoneBiter #5 Kevlar suture (393+/- 109 N), and TwinFix 5.0 mm #2 polyester (267+/-73 N). No significant differences were noted among the cortical screw, cancellous screw, IMEX 4.7 and 4.0 mm, all of which were significantly (P<.001) greater than BoneBiter and TwinFix . Failure modes were pullout of bone, suture-wire breakage, eyelet breakage, or no failure to 1000 N: screws (18,0,0,2), IMEX (18,1,1,0), BoneBiter (2,8,0,0), and TwinFix (0,10,0,0). CONCLUSIONS: Fixation devices were user friendly, with the exception of BoneBiter. Mode of failure is dependent on suture material and anchor design. Cortical and cancellous screws, and IMEX anchors with 18 g wire have significantly greater load to failure compared with BoneBiter and TwinFix suture anchors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on load to failure, ease of use, design characteristics, and cost, IMEX anchors may have advantages over other comparable soft tissue fixation devices. 相似文献
20.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the mechanical performance of a veterinary bone anchor under static and cyclic loads. STUDY DESIGN: Mechanical testing study. ANIMALS: Cadaveric canine humeri. METHODS: Humeri (6 pairs) were collected from skeletally mature dogs (mean [+/-SD] age, 17.2+/-2.1 months; weight, 20.8+/-1.5 kg). Bone anchors were inserted in the proximal metaphysis using nylon, and were longitudinally extracted. For the opposite humerus, anchors were subjected to longitudinal cyclic load (50% of the load at failure of their pair) for 1200 cycles then longitudinally loaded to failure. Anchors were then installed in a similar and adjacent area of these 2(nd) humeri with nylon and cyclically tested perpendicular to the axis of anchor insertion (100% of the longitudinal holding power of their pair) for 1200 cycles, then perpendicularly loaded to failure. Paired t-tests were used to compare holding power before and after longitudinal cyclic testing. RESULTS: Longitudinal holding power of the screw-type anchor in the proximal humerus was 385+/-30 N. Anchor pullout was the only mode of failure. Anchors in the paired humeri did not fail after 1200 cycles of 50% longitudinal loading, and post-cycle holding strength was not different (335+/-87 N; P=.32). Perpendicularly loaded anchors did not fail after 1200 cycles of 100% of opposite longitudinal holding strength, and had post-cycle perpendicular holding strengths of 514+/-72 N. Suture breakage was the mode of failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bone anchor holding strength is dependent on orientation of suture load. Screw-type bone anchor holding strength was not affected by longitudinal cyclic loading, and holding strengths of approximately 385 N can be expected in metaphyseal bone of large-breed mature dogs. Perpendicularly loaded anchors have higher failure loads, and holding strength of approximately 514 N can be expected in metaphyseal bone of the proximal humerus. 相似文献