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1.
瑞香狼毒素对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食活性及其作用机制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
瑞香狼毒素1,5-二苯基-3-羟基-1-戊酮,是本室从杀虫植物瑞香狼毒中分离得到的一个高活性化合物。本文研究了该活性成分对菜粉蝶幼虫的拒食作用和对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响。采用浸渍叶碟饲喂法测得:在48h时瑞香狼毒素对3龄幼虫的非选择性和选择性拒食作用的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为15.1mg/L和16.9mg/L。采用点滴法测得瑞香狼毒素对5龄幼虫的拒食作用的拒食中量(AFD50)为0.565μg/头。瑞香狼毒素对AChE活性的抵制率高达78.5%,表明该活性成分可显著抑制AChE活性。 相似文献
2.
龙胆不同提取液对棉蚜的生物活性及其活性浓度的初步筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以龙胆的全草为试材,基于均匀设计法研究了龙胆全草的不同提取液对棉蚜的触杀和拒食作用。结果表明,乙醇浸提液对棉蚜具有较高的触杀作用。水蒸气蒸馏液对棉蚜具有较强的拒食作用。乙醇浸提液对棉蚜48 h的致死中浓度(LC50)为17.663 5 mg/mL,水蒸气蒸馏液对棉蚜24、48 h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为18.975、17.362 mg/mL。丙酮浸提液对棉蚜的触杀和拒食作用不显著。龙胆全草的乙醇浸提液和水蒸气蒸馏液对棉蚜56 h的同时触杀和拒食的活性浓度初步筛选结果表明,乙醇浸提液54.34 mg/mL和水蒸气蒸馏液59.05 mg/mL联合使用对棉蚜同时触杀和拒食活性作用最好,死亡率达100%。 相似文献
3.
小花棘豆毒蛋白对棉蚜和棉铃虫的毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内饲喂试验表明,小花棘豆毒蛋白(0XY)对棉蚜有显著的抑制作用。用含5μg/ml和25μg/ml小花棘豆毒蛋白的25％蔗糖液饲喂4龄棉蚜,3天后棉蚜校正死亡率分别为63．81％和45．27％,与含0．25μg/ml和对照相比差异极显著;用含2．4μg/头小花棘豆毒蛋白饲喂4龄棉铃虫幼虫元致死作用,但平均拒食率为40．8％,生长量明显下降。 相似文献
4.
5.
进行了21种茼蒿素类似物对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的拒食活性筛选,对8号、12号和20号化合物进行了拒食活性测定,研究了20号化合物对菜粉蝶幼虫体壁及血细胞的影响,并进行了20号化合物对菜粉蝶幼虫的田间小区试验.21种茼蒿素类似物中,20号、16号、12号和8号等化合物的拒食活性较好.8号、12号和20号化合物对小菜蛾4龄幼虫处理后24h的非选择性AFC50分别为549.03、405.97和205.06μg/mL;选择性AFC50分别为432.57、114.34和72.32μg/mL.处理后24h,12号与20号化合物对菜粉蝶4龄幼虫的选择性AFC50分别为398.88和280.54μg/mL,20号化合物对菜粉蝶2龄幼虫非选择性AFC50为112.76μg/mL.20号化合物对菜粉蝶4龄幼虫血细胞数量、体壁及体壁中几丁质有明显的抑制作用.药后第3、5和7天,400μg/mL的20号化合物对菜粉蝶幼虫的防治效果分别为28.60%、54.93%和58.21%. 相似文献
6.
紫茎泽兰提取物对棉蚜的毒力及其灭蚜机理研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum提取物对棉蚜Aphis gossypii有很高的毒杀作用。紫茎泽兰乙醇总提物、其氯仿萃取物以及从氯仿萃取物中分离得到的紫茎泽兰素A对棉蚜无翅成蚜的致死中浓度(LC_(50)浸渍法)分别为167.9、224.7、362.8mg/L。试验表明,紫茎泽兰素A对棉蚜钠-钾-三磷酸腺苷酸酶(Na-K-ATPase)活性有明显的抑制作用。棉蚜经2.00mg/ml紫茎泽兰素A溶液处理12h后,其体内的Na-K-ATPase活性仅为对照组棉蚜Na-K-ATPase活性的21.60％。 相似文献
7.
研究了雷公藤根皮乙醇提取物对茭白二化螟的生物活性 ,结果表明 ,提取物对二化螟幼虫有较强的拒食作用、生长发育抑制作用、毒杀作用和内吸毒力。对 2龄 1日幼虫选择性与非选择性的拒食中浓度 (AFC50)分别为111.57μg/mL和 144.28μg/mL ,生长发育的抑制中浓度 (EC50)为 134.39μg/mL。内吸毒杀作用在 1600μg/mL浓度下能达到 90%以上 ,胃毒作用在 800μg/mL下 ,处理 5d后的死亡率为 73.71% ,对二化螟蚁螟的触杀作用不明显 ,对天敌螟黄足绒茧蜂安全。 相似文献
8.
为探讨植物源杀虫剂印楝素对马铃薯甲虫的防治作用,采用叶碟法测定印楝素乳油对其成虫的拒食作用,并通过药效试验测定印楝素乳油对马铃薯甲虫的控制效果。结果显示,印楝素对马铃薯甲虫成虫有较强的非选择性拒食作用,且拒食率随取食时间的增加而升高。在取食36 h后,浓度为6、7.5、10、15和30 mg/L印楝素的拒食率分别为55.5%、59.1%、53.4%、76.1%和63.3%,拒食率与浓度无显著相关性;但印楝素对马铃薯甲虫的选择性拒食率较低,各浓度处理间均无显著差异,取食36 h时,选择拒食率约20%;在田间10 mg/L印楝素溶液施药1 d和3 d后,虫口减退率分别为26.52%和50.76%,显著高于对照组,施药9 d后,马铃薯甲虫的校正防治效果为48.86%。表明印楝素对马铃薯甲虫有一定的控制效果。 相似文献
9.
Su50[N'-硝基-1-异丙基-2-(4-硝基苯亚甲基)氨基胍]和Su56(N'-硝基-1-烯丙基-2-正丙基氨基胍)是利用活性亚结构拼接原理合成的具有新烟碱类和缩氨基脲类杀虫剂共同结构特征的硝基缩氨基胍类化合物。为了解Su50和Su56对蚜虫的生物活性及作用机理,采用叶片浸渍法测定了其对多种蚜虫的杀虫活性,用棉叶涂抹药液后接入棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover测定了其对棉蚜的拒食活性,并采用生化方法测定了不同亚致死浓度(LC_(10)、LC_(25))Su56对棉蚜羧酸酯酶(CarE)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)的酶活性的影响。结果表明:Su50和Su56对棉蚜A.gossypii/桃蚜Myzus persicae Sulzer,苹果黄蚜Aphis citricola van der Goot和梅大尾蚜Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard均具有一定的杀虫活性,但毒力差异不显著,其中Su50对棉蚜、桃蚜、梅大尾蚜和苹果黄蚜的LC_(50)值分别为13.0、24.2、62.6和14.3mg/L,Su56的LC_(50)值则分别为30.3、30.2、101和3.23 mg/L;同时Su50和Su56对供试棉蚜均具有一定的拒食活性。生化试验结果表明,Su56在LC_(10)和LC_(25)浓度下对棉蚜的CarE、GSTs和MFO酶活性无显著影响,但在LC_(10)浓度下对棉蚜的ACNE酶活性却有显著抑制作用。 相似文献
10.
两种中草药水浸液对小麦条锈病菌的抑制作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生物测定方法,研究了中草药苍耳、黄瑞香提取液对小麦条锈病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,小麦条锈病降低小麦种子的生活力,影响小麦幼苗的生长发育。不同浓度苍耳、黄瑞香提取液对小麦条锈病孢子萌发有抑制作用,其中0.50 g/mL苍耳、黄瑞香提取液其抑制率分别为69.29%和64.44%;不同浓度的中草药苍耳、黄瑞香提取液对小麦条锈病菌丝生长均有抑制,0.50 g/mL苍耳、黄瑞香提取液效果最好,抑制率分别为55.44%和44.77%,与对照相比差异都达显著性水平。 相似文献
11.
自山东泰安及烟台地区的小麦全蚀病菌中提取到两种类型颗粒,一类是球形至多边形的病毒颗粒,直径在22~45毫微米之间,多数为27~32毫微米;另一类是棒状颗粒,长度为40~185毫微米×16毫微米,平均108×16毫微米,提取的球形病毒具有核蛋白的典型吸收光谱,最大和最小吸收值的波长分别在260毫微米和240毫微米,A260/240=1.24,A260/280=1.62。以烟台株病毒制备的抗血清,分别与烟台及泰安株病毒在琼脂免疫双扩散中作用均产生沉淀线,表明二者具有共同的血清型。烟台株病毒经苯酚抽提后的核酸样品最大吸收波长是260毫微米,最小是230毫微米,经聚丙烯酰胺-琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离为两条迁移率相近的带,表明此病毒有两个基因片断,在分类上属于需要两个dsRNA片断才能复制的等轴dsRNA真菌病毒。其外壳蛋白经测定含分子量70,000的多肽。<>br从浙江、湖北等11个省(市)的12株全蚀病菌中均提取到了病毒,比较了各菌的菌落颜色,生长速度和病毒浓度。 相似文献
12.
The effects of Glomus intraradices, Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Bacillus pumilus on the root-rot disease complex caused by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the root-rot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina in chickpea was assessed by quantifying differences in the shoot dry mass, pod number, nodulation, and shoot content of chlorophyll,
nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Inoculation of plants with G. intraradices, P. alcaligenes and B. pumilus alone and in combination significantly increased shoot dry mass, pod number, and content of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium in plants inoculated with pathogens over that in the uninoculated control plants. P. alcaligenes caused a greater increase in shoot dry mass, pod number, chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants with pathogens
than did G. intraradices or B. pumilus. Combined application of G. intraradices, P. alcaligenes and B. pumilus to plants inoculated with pathogens caused a greater increase in shoot dry mass, pod number, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
than did an application of P. alcaligenes plus B. pumilus or of G. intraradices plus B. pumilus. Root colonization by G. intrardices was high when used alone, while inoculation with the pathogens reduced root colonization by G. intraradices. In the presence of P. alcaligenes and B. pumilus, root colonization by G. intraradices increased. In plants inoculated with just one antagonist, P. alcaligenes reduced galling and nematode multiplication the most, followed by G. intraradices, then B. pumilus. The greatest reduction in galling, nematode multiplication and root-rot was observed when both bacterial species and G. intraradices were applied together. 相似文献
13.
A. S. Abdel-Razek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2003,79(1):108-111
The relationship between Xenorhabdus nematophilus and Photorhabdus luminescens, the bacterial symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, against the diamondback moth, P. xylostella (L.), pupae showed the pathogenic capability of P. luminescens to be over that of X. nematophilus. They gave 60 and 40% mortality with LC50 values of 5×104 and 5.5×105 cells/ml, respectively.The number of bacterial cells influences the rate of killing the pupae of P. xylostella and a direct correlation between mortality of the pupae, percentage of deformed adults and the spraying dose with significant differences were observed. An inverse correlation found between the no. of eggs laid/female, percentage of hatching, adult survival and the spraying dose. These bacterial effects have been attributed to different toxic bacterial enzymes which damage the haemocytes and inhibit activation of the humoral immune system of the insect. 相似文献
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A. S. Abdel-Razek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2003,76(4):108-111
The relationship between Xenorhabdus nematophilus and Photorhabdus luminescens, the bacterial symbionts of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, against the diamondback moth, P. xylostella (L.), pupae showed the pathogenic capability of P. luminescens to be over that of X. nematophilus. They gave 60 and 40% mortality with LC50 values of 5×104 and 5.5×105 cells/ml, respectively.The number of bacterial cells influences the rate of killing the pupae of P. xylostella and a direct correlation between mortality of the pupae, percentage of deformed adults and the spraying dose with significant differences were observed. An inverse correlation found between the no. of eggs laid/female, percentage of hatching, adult survival and the spraying dose. These bacterial effects have been attributed to different toxic bacterial enzymes which damage the haemocytes and inhibit activation of the humoral immune system of the insect. 相似文献
15.
The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against
saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products.
The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae.
Part 6 in the series “Chemistry of the genus Allium”. 相似文献
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The bioactive metabolites of someAllium plants, all exhibiting interesting pharmacological activities, were tested for their attractive/repellent activity against saw-toothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and rust-red flour beetle,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), insects infesting the stored-products. The data obtained showed significant repellent effect of the thiosulfinates againstS. oryzae. 相似文献
17.
为明确云南省元阳县籼/粳型稻瘟病菌中无毒基因的多样性及差异,采用接种鉴别品种方法和PCR技术对9株粳型菌株和21株籼型菌株中无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii的多样性进行分析。结果显示,30株稻瘟病菌菌株中无毒基因Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1和Avr-Pii的平均出现频率分别为33.3%、76.7%和0,Avr-Pia、Avr-Pita1在籼型菌株和粳型菌株中的出现频率分别为4.8%和100.0%、66.7%和100.0%。Avr-Pia主要为存在/缺失的多样性,籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种Achiasahi(Pia)的致病率分别为100.0%和11.1%;Avr-Pita1可划分为3个类群,除菌株CH1195属于PO类群外,籼型菌株均属于J1类群,粳型菌株则属于J2/J3类群;籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种K1(Pita)的致病率分别为100.0%和0,且籼/粳型菌株Avr-Pita1蛋白序列在第83位和第192位氨基酸差异明显。Avr-Pii在30株稻瘟病菌菌株中均未检出,籼/粳型菌株对水稻品种Fujisaka No. 5(Pii)的致病率分别为100.0%和0。表明Avr-Pia和Avr-Pita1在粳型菌株中的出现频率高于籼型菌株且变异程度低,粳型菌株中可能存在其它无毒基因使其不能侵染Fujisaka No. 5。 相似文献
18.
Yared Tesfai Tewoldemedhin Mark Mazzola Wilhelm J. Botha Christoffel F. J. Spies Adéle McLeod 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,130(2):215-229
Several species of fungi and oomycetes including Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora and Pythium have been reported as root pathogens of apple where they contribute to a phenomenon known as apple replant disease. In South
Africa, little is known about specific species in these genera and their pathogenicity toward apple. Therefore, these aspects
were investigated along with the development and optimization of qPCR tests for detection and quantification of the most virulent
oomycete species. In eight investigated orchards, the oomycete Phythophthora cactorum was widely distributed, while nine Pythium species were differentially distributed among the orchards. Pythium irregulare was the most widely distributed and the most virulent species along with P. sylvaticum, P. vexans and Ph. cactorum. Seven binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis groups (AGs) were also differentially distributed among the orchards, with the majority appearing to be non-pathogenic
while certain AG-I and AG-F isolates exhibited low virulence on apple. In the genus Fusarium, F. oxysporum was widely distributed, but isolates were non-pathogenic. Fusarium solani and F. avenaceum were less frequently encountered, with only some isolates having low virulence. qPCR data obtained from seedling roots inoculated
with the most virulent Pythium species (P. irregulare, P. sylvaticum and P. vexans) and the genus Phytophthora were not always reproducible between trials, or isolates of the same species. In general, seedling growth inhibition was
associated with the presence of a low amount of pathogen DNA (±40 fg μl−1 to 2 pg μl−1) in roots. Pythium irregulare, although having the lowest DNA concentrations in roots, was the only species for which a significant negative correlation
was found between seedling weight and pathogen DNA concentration. 相似文献
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Laboratory bioassay of the two fungiMetarbizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin andVerticillium indicum (Petch) Gams was carried out under 26±1 C° and 75±2% R. H. This is the first study on the efficiency of both mycopathogens against the termiteCryptotermes brevis (Walker). Using the highest concentration ofM. anisopliae (43.5 × 105 V.S/ml), percentages of mortality after 4 weeks from treatment of the termiteC. brevis fed on filter paper or wood were 100 and 93.33, respectively. On the same time, the highest concentration of the fungiV. indicum (34.3 × 105 V.S/ml) resulted in the mortality percentages of 83.33 and 70, respectively, fed on filter paper and wood. In general, the data indicated more susceptibility of the termiteC. brevis to the entomopathogenic fungusM. anisopliae than to the fungusV. indicum. M. anisopliae could be considered as a promising potential mycopathogen against the termiteC. brevis. This study, presenting new approach of the alternative dry wood termite control, might be applied in the future. 相似文献