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1.
北京市怀柔农机厂生产的背负式弥雾喷粉及超低量喷雾机,可进行喷粉、喷撒尿素、液剂弥雾以及超低量喷雾多种作业,在茶园中经多年使用表明,具有高效、省工、节省成本的特点。喷撒尿素:喷撒的均匀性好,而且由于鼓风吹动茶蓬,使尿素掉落蓬内,不致灼伤蓬面芽叶。工效每亩只需5～7分钟,每机每工可喷撒90～95亩,作业成本(人工、燃料、机械折旧等)只需7.50元,较人工撒施工效高5倍。喷撒粉剂:此机装上长薄膜塑料管作喷撒粉剂治虫,可同时喷14行茶树,工效每亩只需2～4分钟,每机两人一天可喷120～240亩,在大面积病虫防治上更有实用意义。 相似文献
2.
本试验以小麦叶锈菌为供试菌，对１６种供试化合物进行了活体盆栽试验。试验结果表明，初筛选出的Ｈ—０４６与粉锈宁的生物活性相似，对于小麦叶锈病的防治效果与粉锈宁基本上一致。Ｈ—０４６的内吸持效期与粉锈宁也基本相似。 相似文献
3.
改进茶园农药喷撒技术的理论探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前,茶叶生产通常采用传统的大容量喷雾法防治病虫害,这种喷药方法的特点是喷液量大,往往可高达125～200公斤/亩,因此,费工费药,农药的对靶率低,大部分农药散落于非目标靶区而污染环境。为了提高农药的对靶率,降低防治成本以及减轻农药对环境的污染,改进目前常用的农药喷撒技术已势在必行。早在40年代,国外就已经开始研究如何改进农药的喷撒技术,并提出了对靶喷撒农药的理论。近几十年来,根据这一对靶沉积理论,国外相继出现了静电喷撒法、间隙喷雾法、笼罩喷雾法和各种各样的低容量、超低容量喷雾法,这些方法的共同点是雾滴细而均匀,农药在目标靶上的沉积率高,防治效果好,成本低,所以,有很高的使用价值。我国的农药喷撒技 相似文献
4.
本试验以小麦叶锈菌为供试菌，对１６种供试化合物进行了活体盆栽试验，试验结果表明，初筛选出的Ｈ－０４６与粉锈宁的生活活性相似，对于小麦叶锈病的防治效果与粉锈宁基本上一致，Ｈ－０４６的内吸持效期与粉锈宁也基本相似。 相似文献
5.
采用二次正交回归组合设计的方法，研究粉锈宁在杂交水稻后期应用的防衰、防病 效果和最佳施用技术。经微机计算分析表明：施用粉锈宁防衰保叶和兼防叶尖干枯病、稻曲病的 最佳用药时间为始穗至齐穗期，每亩用药量为有效成分６．８～８．１克（相当于２０％粉锈宁粉剂３４～ ４１克），浓度为２７０～３３０ｐｐｍ。 相似文献
6.
陈坤荣 《中国油料作物学报》1988,(4)
分别用不同浓度的杀菌剂粉锈宁、氧化萎锈钠和代森锰溶液分3次喷洒防治大豆锈病的田间试验结果表明,三种杀菌剂对防治大豆锈病都有显著的效果.粉锈宁的防效最好,防治效果在90％以上,增产效果显著。 相似文献
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30%爱苗防治水稻稻曲病效果试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
30%爱苗EC不同剂量、次数防治水稻稻曲病与常用农药25%粉锈宁WP进行对比试验,结果表明:30%爱苗EC 20 ml/667m2、30%爱苗EC 15 ml/667m2和25%粉锈宁WP 140 g/667m2各喷2次,对稻曲病的防治效果较好,喷施30%爱苗EC具有保护上三片功能叶、延缓叶片衰老,提高结实率及增产作用。 相似文献
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10.
近年来，稻粒黑粉病严重危害交水稻制种和繁殖的产量和质量，成为急待解决的课题之一。据各地试验，在农业防治的基础上，于花期进行药剂防治常常是控制该病发生的必不可少的有效手段。目前生产上已大面积应用粉锈宁、多菌灵等药剂进行防治。１９９１年我们从浙江农业大学种子激素实验室引进专用防治药剂克黑净，同时安排粉锈宁、多菌灵、禾枯灵参试，以期对克黑净作出正确评价，为大面积应用药剂控制稻粒黑粉病提供科学依据。现将试验研究情况报道如下。１材料和方法１．１试验概况试验安排在小河镇尧田村果木山队汪晓林户进行。供试组合汕… 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献