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1.
PR107在海南岛西部地区的适应性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对海南橡胶垦区存在的品种配置问题,本文着重分析PR107在海南岛西部地区的生长、产量以及抗性等方面的反应,以便合理推广使用。研究结果表明:PR107在海南岛西部地区确有良好的适应性,开割头五年的平均亩产置虽略低于RRIM600,但由于大田保苗率高,死皮树少,开割后的产量递增快,第6—10割年平均亩产量显著优于RRIM800和海垦1。PR107抗风能力比RRIM600强,而与海垦1相当(指风力小于12级时),树冠及茎干的耐寒力均比RRIM600强,茎干的耐寒力与海垦1相当。不容易死皮,比较耐割,干胶含量特高,适合于刺激采胶,产胶潜力大。因此,认为PR107可在该地区继续推广使用,并能收较好的增产效果(约增产5～20％)。 相似文献
2.
橡胶树快速全线干涸的发生发展及其生理表现 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
常规割胶下追踪RRIM600和PR1072个无性系170株树割面干涸的发生发展及其生理变化。无性系RRIM600的快速全线干涸率和扩展速度比PR107高1倍以上,从局部干涸到全线不排胶一般在15d左右。单株测定胶乳产量、排肢初速度、胶乳蔗糖、硫酸、无机磷和干胶含量等6项生理参数的结果表明,多数病株的排胶初速度和胶乳产量在创面干涸出现前呈现短时增加．所有病株干涸前的胶乳蔗糖水平较低。在干涸发生发展过程中伴随有胶乳无机磷含量的大幅度提高．在胶树割线即将出现局部干涸时,多数病株的胶乳硫醇骤然出现由低到高的短暂现象。没有观察到干涸前乳管的橡胶合成和再生在表观上有持续不良的现象。讨论了快速全线干涸的可能原因。 相似文献
3.
为了提高橡胶树的抗灾能力,从1979年起在海南岛中部属偶发性重风微寒区的黎母岭山区,开展了组配抗逆高产的橡胶三合树的研究。经九年验证,选配出的GTI/PR107组合品系1—4割年平均亩产干胶51.6公斤,为对照无性系PR107的129％,开割率达83.2％,保存率达96.2％,已被评定为小规模推广等级;组配的GT1/RRIM600、GT1/RRIM623、GT1/PB/63、大岭485/RRIM600和大丰359/GT1等具有抗逆高产性状,是有希望的组合品系。 相似文献
4.
橡胶树白粉病发生及其防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我县植胶位于北纬20°08′～24°48′,东经117°12′～117°47′,现有大田橡胶面积1.4万亩、割胶树12万株,年产干胶近120吨.1990年我县橡胶树白粉病属特重流行年份,流行强度与1979年、1987年相似.经过调查验收,对照区不喷药林段发病率达100%,最终病情指数是77.6,其中三级病株率是20%,四至五级病株率占66%,通过防治的林段发病率87.7%,最终病情指数是22.1,其中三级病 相似文献
5.
为明确比哈小爪螨在不同主栽橡胶品种上的适应性,室内采用生物学方法观察比哈小爪螨在‘热研73397’‘热研72059’‘热垦628’‘大丰95’‘PR107’和‘RRIM600’6个橡胶品种上的发育和繁殖情况,并组建实验种群生命表。结果表明,不同橡胶品种对比哈小爪螨的发育和繁殖存在显著影响。比哈小爪螨的世代历期在‘RRIM600’品种上最短,在‘PR107’上最长,分别为11.40 d和12.07 d;在‘热垦628’上各螨态存活率均达100%,在‘PR107’上的幼期存活率最低,为75%;在‘热垦628’和‘RRIM600’上,雌成螨寿命较长和单雌产卵量较大,分别为12.23 d和28.66粒、10.31d和29.56粒;橡胶品种对比哈小爪螨F1代性比无显著影响。根据种群生命表参数分析结果,比哈小爪螨在‘RRIM600’和‘热垦628’上的净增殖率最大,分别为29.570和28.640;而在‘PR107’上,内禀增长率和周限增长率最小,分别为0.257和1.292,平均世代历期和种群倍增时间最长,分别为9.539和2.702。综合分析表明,比哈小爪螨种群在‘RRIM600’和‘热垦62... 相似文献
6.
以GT1和RRIM600两种实生苗为巴西橡胶树砧木材料和GT1、RRIM600和PR107无性系及其砧木自身芽4种接穗材料进行成对芽接,研究了橡胶树砧木品种、砧木大小和接穗组合对芽接成活率、砧木和接穗直径生长的影响。结果表明:(1)砧木品种对接穗的直径生长量的影响因接穗品系和砧木大小而异;(2)砧木大小极显著影响接穗直径生长量,而对芽接成活率的影响较小;(3)接穗组合对芽接成活率、砧木和接穗直径生长量均有显著影响,且与砧木品种有关。在同等大小的GT1砧木上,3种接穗组合的砧木直径无显著差异;砧木自身芽(RB)与RRIM600组合时的芽接成活率极显著地低于其他两种组合,RB的直径生长量明显强于GT1,但弱于PR107和RRIM600。在RRIM600砧木上,砧木自身芽的芽接成活率极显著低于RRIM 600、显著低于PR107;砧木自身芽组合的砧木直径显著或明显大于GT1+PR107和GT1+RRIM600组合;砧木自身芽的直径生长量极显著或显著大于GT1和PR107的接穗。 相似文献
7.
巴西橡胶树生长和导管结构与橡胶产量的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究巴西橡胶树嫁接无性系RRIM600和PR107树干茎围生长量和嫁接愈合线附近的接穗及砧木的导管结构特征与干胶产量的关系。结果表明,在2个品系内,茎围与干胶产量呈显著或极显著的正相关。PR107的茎围与接穗的导管孔径、导管密度呈显著的正相关,与砧木的导管密度呈显著的负相关,而RRIM600的这些参数间相关不显著。2个品系的导管结构与干胶产量的相关关系都未达到显著水平。导管结构与树干生长、干胶产量关系的不确定性说明,木质部导管结构不是影响橡胶树生长势和产量的主要因子。 相似文献
8.
为探明不同橡胶品种对东方真叶螨发育及繁殖的影响,在温度(27±1)℃、相对湿度(70±5)%、光周期L∶D=12 h∶12 h的室内条件下,观察了东方真叶螨在IAN873、热研7-33-97、PR107、热研7-20-59、云研77-4、GT1、RRIM600等7个橡胶品种上的发育历期、存活率和产卵量,并组建了其种群生命表。结果表明:世代发育历期以GT1最长,为10.69 d,以云研77-4最短,为10.29 d;世代存活率主要由卵期的存活率决定,除PR107上的存活率为89.09%外,其余均在93.00%以上;产卵量以GT1上最多(45.47粒),而RRIM600上最少,仅为22.56粒;净生殖率R0、内禀增长率rm和周限增长率λ均以GT1上的为最高,分别为27.021 1、0.224 5、1.251 7,在RRIM600上的最低,分别为16.616 8、0.203 8、1.226 0。初步认为GT1是最适宜东方真叶螨的发育与繁殖的品种,而RRIM600是最不适合该螨发育与繁殖的品种。 相似文献
9.
本文提出了一个新的新鲜胶乳比重公式,并由此公式推算出新鲜胶乳的比重——干胶含量关系表。割胶生产和制胶工厂应用此表,均获得了较为满意的效果。在1280个样品中,用比重计测量的干胶含量与醋酸凝固法相比较,92％的样品的精密度在±0.5～1.0％的范围内。此外,还测定了海垦1、RRIM600、PR107等5个橡胶品系的新鲜胶乳中非胶成份的比重,数值非常接近。 相似文献
10.
橡胶白粉病是华南植胶区危害最大的病害之一.我省受白粉病危害也十分严重.我省植胶历史较久的诏安县建设农场从1977年至1990年十四年间,出现中重病年有10次,占71.4%,可见,橡胶白粉病在闽南植胶区出现相当频繁.而且危害也很严重.在闽南胶区,病害严重流行年份,会引起胶树多次落叶,造成推迟或停止割胶.诏安建设农场1979年最终病情指数高达81.6%,减产20%以上,损失十余万元.白粉病的流行方式暴发性极强,一旦气象条件适宜,数天之间,病情指数立即飞跃上升.暴发期的天气多数为高温高湿,而且阴雨不断,对防治工作极为不利,常使防治工作处于被动地位. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献