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高原特有的生态条件下 ,4头荷斯坦育成牛用诱乳激素进行人工诱乳 ,配合应用地塞米松和乳房按摩 ,成功率达 10 0 %。诱乳后全部当年受胎次年产犊 ,诱乳泌乳期和继后产犊泌乳期经济效益均显著 相似文献
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用加酶益生素饲喂泌乳牛,结果表明,在日粮中添加饲喂０．２％加酶益生素的试验组,泌乳牛平均日产标准乳２１．１５ｋｇ,未添加饲喂加酶益生素的对照组,泌乳牛平均日产标准乳１９．１２ｋｇ,试验组比对照组提高奶量１０．６％,差异极显著。试验期间,试验组比对照组每头泌乳牛平均每天多增收２．９９元,效益十分显著。 相似文献
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酵母蛋白饲喂泌乳奶牛试验报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验通过在荷斯坦泌乳牛日粮中添加酵母蛋白部分替代豆粕,研究其对泌乳牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分及身体健康情况的影响,选取400头胎次、产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛分为对照组和试验组各200头,试验组每头牛每天饲喂500g酵母蛋白,通过60d的试验,结果表明试验组和对照组奶牛平均日产奶量差异不显著（P〉0.05）,分别为32.54kg/d与32.34kg/d。在产奶量不变的基础上,试验组平均干物质采食量降低1.7kg（DM）/d,产奶效率提高,与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2017,(4)
[目的]探讨夏南牛的泌乳性能、乳成分及犊牛生长需求指标。[方法]采用人工挤奶与机械挤奶相结合的方法,测量夏南牛的泌乳量。采取母犊分离饲养的方法人工饲喂犊牛,测量犊牛生长发育乳汁需求量。[结果]20头试验牛,平均泌乳天数26.7d,平均每头牛总产奶量94.70kg,平均日产奶量3.55kg。犊牛吃乳平均每天需求量5.85kg。试验牛平均乳脂率5.74%、乳蛋白4.52%、乳糖4.77%,总固体14.93%。[结论](1)规模养殖的夏南牛母牛泌乳期较短,泌乳量较少,不能满足犊牛生长发育需要。(2)犊牛需要及时补充代乳粉或代乳料。(3)规模母牛养殖场实行母犊分离饲养,由专人饲喂犊牛,不仅可以提高犊牛的成活率,同时也可以提高犊牛的断奶体重,增加养殖效益。 相似文献
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本试验利用干啤酒糟代替日粮中20%的精料饲喂泌乳牛。结果表明,在日粮中用干啤酒糟代替部分精料的试验组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18.26 kg,饲喂原日粮的对照组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18.56 kg,饲喂原日粮的对照组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18.56 kg。试验组比对照组减少产乳量1.6%,差异不显著(P0.05)。在30 d试验期间,试验组平均每头牛每天获毛利19.44元,对照组平均每头牛每天获毛利18.8元,试验组比对照组每头牛每天多盈利0.64元,经济效益十分显著。 相似文献
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笔者对孟州市槐树乡刘庄村５头因患生殖系统疾病的经产奶牛进行了人工诱乳试验，取得了可喜效果，日产奶量最高达２８kg，少的达１３kg。其方法如下：１药物①苯甲酸雌二醇注射液，每公斤体重０．１毫克，肌肉注射。②黄体酮注射液，每公斤体重０．２５毫克，深部肌肉注射。以上两种药物同时使用，１２小时１次，每日２次，连用７天。２热敷、按摩乳房①从第１次注射药物起，每天必须坚持热敷、按摩乳房２次。方法：用５０℃左右的温水和干净毛巾，边热敷、按摩乳房，边挤压、揉搓乳头。每次不少于１５分钟，直到产奶为至。３效果５头奶牛在… 相似文献
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通过研究,利用干啤酒糟代替日粮中20％的精料饲喂泌乳牛对其产奶性能的影响,试验组结果表明,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18．26kg,饲喂原日粮的对照组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18．56kg,饲喂原日粮的对照组,每头泌乳牛平均日产标准乳18．56kg。试验组比对照组减少产乳量1．6％,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。在30天试验期间,试验组平均每头牛每天获毛利19．44元, 相似文献
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“诱乳激素”,顾名思义是诱导奶牛分泌乳汁的一种激素类药物。该药是内蒙古畜牧科学院研制的,具有调节牛体神经中枢,改善牛体分泌系统的作用。我场1986年9月～1987年11月,对3头成年不孕牛和10头习惯性流产造成久配不孕而干奶的牛,分别作了“诱乳激素”的诱乳试验。结果13头牛全部出现泌乳,至1987年11月共产鲜奶38656公斤,日平均产奶量12.17公斤,创产值21260.80元,提高了经济效益,使有限的牛 相似文献
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Alejandro Mendoza Daniel Cavestany Gonzalo Roig Julio Ariztia Claudia Pereira Alejandro La Manna David A. Contreras Carlos S. Galina 《Livestock Science》2010,127(1):60-66
The effect of restricted suckling on milk yield and composition, udder health, and postpartum anoestrus in dairy cows in pasture-based systems, was studied in 32 Holstein multiparous cows and their calves. At calving, each cow–calf pair was randomly assigned to one of two treatments: restricted suckling (RS) of the cows by her own or another calf, twice daily for 30 min or artificial rearing (AR) of the calves with milk obtained from the bulk tank, offered twice a day in buckets. Treatments were applied until week 8 after calving. The diet of the cows consisted of direct grazing in improved pastures, corn silage and a commercial concentrate which was offered at milking. Milk production and composition, udder health, body condition score of the cows, body weight and milk intake of the calves were measured weekly, and the first postpartum ovulation was determined three times a week by ovarian ultrasonography. Cows with RS management had a lower machine-milked milk yield (17.9 vs. 24.8 kg/d), a lower fat percentage (3.21 vs. 4.11%) and 4% fat-corrected milk yield (16.2 vs. 25.7 kg/d), and also a lower average milk flow (1.35 vs. 1.76 kg/min) than cows in the AR treatment. There was no effect of treatment on milk protein percentage or udder health as measured by milk electrical conductivity. The interval from calving to first postpartum ovulation was shorter in the AR cows than in the RS cows (18.5 vs. 21.8 days). The RS calves consumed more milk (7.2 vs. 5.4 kg/d), gained more body weight (0.813 vs. 0.656 kg/d), and had a higher body weight at weaning (84.3 vs. 73.3 kg) than AR calves. Restricted suckling of grazing dairy cows had a negative effect on machine-milked milk yield, fat percentage and 4% fat-corrected milk yield, but had no effect on udder health or on improved weight gain and body weight at weaning of the calves. 相似文献
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M. Bogucki A. Sawa I. Kuropatwińska 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2017,67(1-2):66-70
The aim of the study was to determine the association of automatic milking systems milking frequency (≤2.40, 2.41–2.80 and >2.80 times/day) in primiparous and multiparous cows with their daily milk yield and milkability. The analysis included of the milk production level and the interaction between milking frequency per day and daily milk yield. Regardless of the daily production level, most primiparous cows were milked 2.41–2.80 times/day and most multiparous cows >2.80 times/day. Higher daily milk yield and a more favourable effect of increasing milking frequency on this parameter were observed in multiparous cows, with an increase from 29.7?kg (milking frequency ≤2.40 times/day) to 31.1?kg milk (>2.80 times/day). In primiparous cows, this increase was smaller and amounted to 0.8?kg milk (from 29.2 to 30.0?kg). 相似文献
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Residual milk in the dairy cow is the milk left in the udder after as complete an udder evacuation as is possible in practise by machine or hand milking. In the former case the residual milk quantity is to a large extent influenced by the milking machine and the way the machine is used. Maximum milk yield–over day, lactation period and lifetime–requires, among other things, that this quantity is kept at a low level. A new method for quantifying the residual milk is presented here. It concerns udders of machine-milked cows slaughtered after their final milking and is based on quantitative determinations in the udder tissues of lactose, the concentration of which in normal milk is more stabile than that of other major milk constituents. The method may be useful in testing machine milking systems/machine components and milking techniques for their ability to evacuate the udder. 相似文献
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Abstract AIM: To examine the effect of setting a maximum milking time, from peak lactation until drying-off, on production, duration of milking, and udder health of dairy cows. METHODS: Forty cows were assigned in twin-pairs to be either milked until cups were removed at a milk flow-rate threshold of 0.35 kg/minute (Control), or until cups were removed at a milk flow-rate threshold of 0.35 kg/minute, or maximum time, whichever came first (MaxT). The maximum time was set by determining the milking time of the 70th percentile cow when ranked from fastest to slowest, irrespective of yield. The milking routine was typical of that practised on dairy farms in New Zealand, and involved no pre-milking preparation. The study began at peak lactation (68 (SD 7) days in milk; DIM) and continued for 26 weeks. Duration of milking and milk yield were measured for each milking. Composition of milk was determined from weekly herd tests, and milk quality from fortnightly somatic cell counts (SCC). Completeness of milking and teat condition were assessed during the study. The bacterial status of quarter milk samples was determined at the beginning and end of the study, and all treated cases of clinical mastitis recorded. ANOVA was used to examine the effect of treatment group on variables of interest. RESULTS: Total milk, fat and protein yields during the study period did not differ between treatments. On average, 30.3% of the morning and 27.6% of the afternoon milkings of MaxT cows reached the maximum time at which cups were removed, and were therefore shortened. While the average milking time of the slowest-milking cow was longer for the Control compared with MaxT group in Weeks 1–18, the average milking time did not differ between treatments. There was no difference in overall SCC, and the incidence of clinical mastitis, or the percentage of infected quarters at drying-off, was similar for the MaxT and Control cows. CONCLUSION: The results show that setting a maximum milking time can reduce the milking time of slower-milking cows in a herd without compromising overall herd production and udder health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the numbers of cows in the study were small there was no evidence of a major increase in SCC, or subclinical or clinical mastitis when a maximum milking time was set for slower-milking cows. 相似文献
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Sensors and management support in high-technology milking 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two directions can be distinguished in the development of high-tech milking equipment: 1) high-capacity milking parlors with a high throughput of cows per person per hour and 2) automatic milking systems in which manual labor is replaced by a milking robot. High-capacity milking parlors are developed in such a way that one operator is able to milk many cows, partly by automation and partly by optimization of available labor. In such parlors, one operator can milk up to 125 cows per hour. This means that there are only a few seconds available for udder preparation. In an automatic milking system, a robot takes over all manual labor during milking. Currently available systems have one robot arm working with one milking stall (one-stall system) or one robot arm working with more milking stalls (multiple-stall systems). Cows have to go to the automatic milking system voluntarily. Therefore, there is a large variation in milking intervals. Moreover, a large variation between milkings and between cows was observed in milk flow rate, machine-on time and udder preparation time. Both developments in high-tech milking have effects on the milk ejection. The small amount of time dedicated to udder preparation in high-capacity milking parlors has negative effects on the milk ejection, among others leading to more bimodal milk flow curves and longer machine-on time. In automatic milking systems, the variation in time between udder preparation and cluster attachment and in milking frequency might have an effect on milk ejection. Lactation physiology can play a role in solving the questions around milk ejection in high-tech milking systems. The introduction of high-tech milking systems makes decision support systems using sensors necessary. These systems should assist in detection of abnormal milk and mastitis. To a lesser extent, diseased cows need to be brought to the attention of the dairy farmer. Some sensors are currently available for this purpose, but they do not fulfill all demands. In the near future other sensors might be developed. It is important that this development is demand driven and not technology driven. Lactation physiology can play an important role in the determination of milk components useful for automatic detection. 相似文献
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Japertiene R Juozaitiene V Kriauziene J Rudejeviene J Japertas S 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2007,10(4):255-261
The investigation was conducted during 2005-2006 on 4010 dairy cows. Having performed statistical data analysis, we determined that the lowest somatic cell count (SCC) in Red and Red-White cow population was obtained when the milking time was 5-6 min., milking speed was higher than 1.5 kg/min., high milk flow was from 2.51 to 4 kg/min., and in Black-White cow population having a milking time was higher than 7 min., milking speed was from 1.01 to 2 kg/min., a high milk flow --from 2.01 to 4 kg/min. (p<0.001). In Red and Red-White cow population with subclinical mastitis, milking time was longer and milking speed was slower than in healthy cows. High milk flow values were least in healthy Black-White cow population. This determines a more equal milk flow which is desired in milking cows mechanically. Most sensitive to udder infection are 1st lactation cows which have a higher milk flow. A larger phenotype correlation coefficient in Red and Red-White cow population was between the SCC and milking time (-0.089, p<0.01) and between high milk flow (0.086, p<0.01) and milk yield (-0.071, p<0.05). However in Black-White cow population, correlation was found between SCC and milk yield (-0.117, p<0.01) and milking speed (-0.110, p<0.01). Contagious mastitis pathogens were identified in Red and Red-White cow milk samples primarily from productive cows having a milking speed of 1.01-1.5 kg/min., and in Black-White cow population having a milking speed of 1.51-2.0 kg/min. 相似文献
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Milk flow was recorded in 21 cows for three days after they were admitted to a large animal hospital. When the spontaneous flow of milk had stopped, a physiological dose (1 iu) of oxytocin was administered intravenously. Five of the cows were, in addition, treated with 0.35 mg of a long-acting analogue of oxytocin (carbetocin) one hour before the first milking after they were admitted. In the 16 cows not treated with carbetocin, only about 30 per cent of the total milk yield was released spontaneously on the first day, and the injection of 1 iu of oxytocin released approximately another 60 per cent of the total milk yield. On the second day, the proportion of the total milk yield released spontaneously increased and the fraction released after the injection of 1 iu oxytocin decreased. In contrast, the five cows treated with carbetocin released on average 94 per cent of the total milk yield spontaneously during the first milking. 相似文献
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The aim of the present research was to develop a fuzzy logic model for classification and control of mastitis for cows milked in an automatic milking system. Recording of data was performed on the University of Kiel's experimental dairy farm “Karkendamm”. A data set of 403,537 milkings from 478 cows was used. Mastitis was determined according to three different definitions: udder treatments (1), udder treatment or somatic cell counts (SCC) over 100,000/ml (2) and udder treatment or SCC over 400,000/ml (3). Mastitis alerts were generated by a fuzzy logic model using electrical conductivity, milk production rate and milk flow rate as input data. To develop and verify the model, the data set was randomly divided into training data (284,669 milkings from 319 cows) and test data (135,414 milkings from 159 cows). The evaluation of the model was carried out according to sensitivity, specificity and error rate. If the block-sensitivity was set to be at least 80%, the specificities ranged between 93.9% and 75.8% and the error rate varied between 95.5% and 41.9% depending on mastitis definition. Additionally, the average number of true positive cows per day ranged from 0.1 to 7.2, and the average number of false negative positive cows per day ranged from 2.4 to 5.2 in an average herd size for the test data of 39.7 cows/day. The results of the test data verified those of the training data, indicating that the model could be generalized.
Fuzzy logic is a useful tool to develop a detection model for mastitis. A noticeable decrease in the error rate can be made possible by means of more informative parameters. 相似文献
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Exogenous hormone treatments designed to induce nonpregnant ewes to lactate at levels sufficient to rear orphan lambs were investigated in three breeds (Blackface, Dorset and Greyface) and in a total of 14 groups. The hormone treatments consisted of an induction phase lasting 1–6 weeks during which most ewes received daily subcutaneous injections of 75 mg of progesterone and 100 µg of oestradiol-17β and a trigger phase lasting 1 or 2 weeks during which 5 mg of oestradiol-17β and/or 10 mg of dexamethasone were given daily and the daily dose of progesterone was reduced to zero. From the end of the trigger phase for at least 2 weeks, milk production was determined three times daily by hand milking after prior intravenous injections of 5 IU of oxytocin. The linear dimensions of the udder were measured in each ewe at 5–6 day intervals throughout the induction and trigger phases. Udder sizes increased in response to hormone treatment in all cases, and the rate of increase was usually 1.75–11.3 times greater during the trigger phase than during the induction phase. Accumulation of milk in the udder during the trigger phase resulted in mean milk yields of 212–763 ml on the first day of milking, which were higher than the mean yields of 130–354 ml on the second day. Thereafter the mean daily milk yields increased progressively to reach 579–1301 ml after 14 days of milking. Group comparisons revealed the following: an induction phase of at least 4 weeks duration was required to ensure that all hormone-treated ewes produced 800 ml or more of milk/day by 14 days of milking; during the trigger phase, oestadiol-17β alone was a more effective lactogenic agent than dexamethasone alone, and dexamethasone apparently hindered the lactogenic actions of oestradiol-17β when both hormones were given together; extending the duration of the trigger phase from 1 to 2 weeks did not improve subsequent milk yields; and there were no significant breed differences in milk yield responses to similar hormone treatments. It is concluded that a 4–6 week induction phase followed by a l-week trigger phase using the progesterone and oestradiol-17β doses noted above but excluding dexamethasone would induce in most nonpregnant ewes lactation at levels sufficient to rear orphan lambs. Compared to the compositions of normal colostrum and milk, the milk from some of the present ewes had lower dry matter contents, fat concentrations and immunoglobulin-G concentrations and generally similar lactose concentrations. These differences were not considered to be sufficient to jeopardise the survival of lambs reared by such ewes. 相似文献
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The aim of the present research was to investigate the usefulness of neural networks (NN) in the early detection and control of mastitis in cows milked in an automatic milking system. A data set of 403,537 milkings involving 478 cows was used. Mastitis was determined according to two different definitions: udder treatment or somatic cell counts (SCC) over 100,000/ml (1) and udder treatment or SCC over 400,000/ml (2). Mastitis alerts were generated by an NN model using electrical conductivity, milk production rate, milk flow rate and days in milk as input data. To develop and verify the model, the data set was randomly divided into training and test data subsets. The evaluation of the model was carried out according to block-sensitivity, specificity and error rate. When the block-sensitivity was set to be at least 80%, the specificities were 51.1% and 74.9% and the error rates were 51.3% and 80.5% for mastitis definitions 1 and 2, respectively. Additionally, the average number of true positive cows per day ranged from 1.2 to 6.4, and the average number of false negative positive cows per day ranged from 5.2 to 6.8 in an average herd size of 24 cows per day for the test data. The results for the test data verified those for the training data, indicating that the model could be generalized. The performance of the NN was not satisfactory. A decrease in the error rate might be achieved by means of more informative parameters. 相似文献