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1.
为了提高车流的稳定性能,考虑最紧邻前车加速度信息的影响,在优化速度差模型(Optimal velocity difference, OVD)的基础上,引入参数 p 表示驾驶人对最紧邻车辆加速度信息的关注程度,提出了含加速度项的跟驰模型。通过线性稳定性分析,得到交通流的临界稳定判据。数值仿真表明新模型与OVD模型比较,通过调节参数 p ,可以避免在低敏感系数下OVD模型中负速度现象的出现,同时,加速度效应对车流致稳效果更加明显。因此,研究模型能更有效地增强车流稳定性能和更好地描述实际交通流现象,为多车协同驾驶策略提供了先导作用。 相似文献
2.
汽车是人机协同控制的复杂系统,基于NI PXIe8108实时控制器、PXI7842R数据采集卡、模拟驾驶输入设备及相关软硬件搭建了驾驶模拟仿真系统;用LabVIEW编程语言建立了车辆动力学模型;用虚拟引擎Unity3D软件开发了视景系统;并通过数据库技术使仿真过程与视景系统相结合,实现仿真过程与三维动画实时视景系统的数据交互。结果表明：通过人在环路模拟驾驶仿真实验,使仿真过程中引入了驾驶模拟操纵,实现了人在环路的人机交互式仿真,得到汽车相关性能仿真结果,为驾驶过程中人和汽车协同控制仿真和极端工况下的仿真,提供了一种安全、可靠的人车协同控制仿真环境。 相似文献
3.
目前黑龙江西部富裕县玉米的主栽品种吉单66多年来表现较好,为进一步探索气象因子对其产量及产量构成因子的影响,以期研究出玉米产量预估模型并应用于实际生产,以玉米品种吉单66为研究对象,采用相关性分析方法,对其生育期内气象因子及玉米产量构成因子进行分析。研究结果表明,玉米有效穗数、行粒数和百粒重与产量相关性很强;从相关性分析和线性回归分析可以看出,6月平均气温、日照时数、降水量和8月平均气温、9月降水量对玉米吉单66产量影响大,相关性强,其中9月降水量与产量呈显著负相关,其他4个气象因子为正相关;利用多元线性回归分析,建立了2种玉米产量预估模型。经过对比分析,2种产量预估模型均比较精准,适用于吉单66玉米品种及其他黑龙江西部玉米品种产量预估,为今后黑龙江其他地区产量预估模型的建立及农业气象服务奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
着装行为通过影响室内空气参数的设定而影响建筑空调能耗。利用能耗模拟软件DeST,计算出该地区典型着装行为下实测运行参数与期望参数对应的建筑空调能耗比推荐标准下能耗分别降低了10.86%和13.16%。而基于典型着装行为的实验热学性能参数下,平均只降低4%,说明由着装热阻关联的主观温度需要按地区着装行为进行修正。提出了控制建筑空调能耗的着装行为调节模型,着装行为节能率εc为负值时节能,为正值时不节能。京津地区办公建筑节能率为0的临界服装热阻为0.563 clo,空调系统设计和运行节能的前提是,着装热阻低于临界值。着装行为调节模型为地区着装形式和着装面料提供了量化标准,为精确控制建筑能耗提供了一种方法。 相似文献
5.
以掺天然砂砾改良的红粘土为研究对象,采用室内承载板法测定回弹模量,通过不同初始干密度下的回弹模量试验,深入研究了天然砂砾改良红粘土的回弹模量随初始干密度的变化规律,建立了不同初始干密度下回弹模量的预估模型。试验结果表明:在同一天然砂砾掺量下,随着初始干密度的提高,红粘土的回弹模量逐渐增大。当初始干密度由低向最大干密度增大时,回弹模量增长速度较快,当初始干密度超过最大干密度继续增大时,回弹模量增长速度变缓;在同一初始干密度下,当天然砂砾掺量从0增至30%时,回弹模量的增长幅度较小,当天然砂砾掺量超过30%而继续增长时,回弹模量增长幅度较大;初始干密度由1.6 g·cm-3增长至2.0 g·cm-3时,回弹模量增长值随天然砂砾掺量的增加而逐渐增大。分别建立了回弹模量随初始干密度及天然砂砾掺量变化的预估模型,通过补充试验,验证了预估模型的准确性。 相似文献
6.
基于WOFOST模型的2014年河南省干旱对夏玉米产量的预估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了定量化预估干旱持续一段时间而未解除下对夏玉米气象产量的影响,采用预估日前气象数据与预估日后近5年平均值气象数据组成完整序列,设计3种情景4种处理方式,利用WOFOST作物模型预估干旱对夏玉米气象产量的影响。结果表明：在干旱预估当日,仅依靠自然降水条件,不同干旱区夏玉米减产率变化较大,重旱区47%~64%,中旱区28%~50%,轻旱区14%~47%;有灌溉条件下夏玉米减产率大幅下降,干旱影响小;灌溉充足的情景下,轻旱区几乎无减产,重旱区减产率仅在10%~38%之间。利用实况气象数据检验发现,预估方法对中旱区和轻旱区模拟较准确,重旱区模拟效果一般。利用作物模型可以定量化地预估干旱持续一段时间未解除情况下对夏玉米产量的影响。 相似文献
7.
驾驶员的视觉适应过程直接影响交通安全。为考虑驾驶员的视觉适应过程,在确定公路隧道入口段亮度时,通过实测得到驾驶员驾车进入隧道过程中的瞳孔大小变化数据,建立了描述驾驶员驾车进入隧道过程中瞳孔面积变化速率最大值与各相关参数之间关系的数学模型。以驾驶员不发生视觉障碍的瞳孔面积变化临界速率为基准,计算得到了驾驶员瞳孔面积变化达到临界速率时,隧道入口段的最低亮度,分析了隧道入口段所需最低亮度与洞外亮度之间的关系,通过回归分析建立了隧道入口段亮度与洞外亮度之间关系的数学模型,得到了考虑驾驶员视觉适应的公路隧道入口段亮度确定方法。 相似文献
8.
采用压杆挠曲线法分析了木节对轴心受压胶合木柱稳定承载力的影响,分析时考虑了初弯曲、初偏心以及木节和木材本构的弹塑性等因素的影响。在考虑木节的影响时,模型中将截面分为木节区、木节影响区和无影响区,3个区域分别采用不同的本构模型,木节区的位置由自编程序随机产生,以模拟实际工程中木节在构件中的随机分布。分别计算了木节率为2%、6%和9%时的稳定系数φ。计算结果表明,木节会在一定程度上降低轴心受压胶合木柱的稳定承载力。数值计算结果和试验数据的对比表明,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。 相似文献
9.
搭载机电控制无级变速器混合动力汽车模式切换仿真分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析机电控制无级变速器(electrical-mechanical continuously variable transmission,EM-CVT)的结构特点,提出了搭载EM-CVT混合动力汽车的传动方案,建立了动力源数值模型、EM-CVT模型,分析了混合动力系统工作模式,并针对模式切换时的冲击问题,以减小冲击度为目标,通过分析典型工况下动力源输出转矩特性和各部件的动态特性,提出了基于发动机、ISG电机、自动离合器以及EM-CVT相互协调控制策略。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台建立混合动力传动系统动力学模型,并对典型的模式切换过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够有效控制混合动力传动系统在模式切换时产生的冲击,提高了混合动力汽车的驾驶舒适性。 相似文献
10.
东北特早熟棉区不同群体棉花氮临界浓度稀释模型的建立初探 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
选用辽棉19号（生育期125 d）和新棉33B（生育期135 d）为材料,于2009年在东北特早熟棉区（辽宁辽阳,41°26'N,123°14'E）设置棉花种植密度（7.50万,9.75万,12.00万株·hm-2）和施氮量（0,120,240,360,480 kg·hm-2）试验,研究不同种植密度下棉花氮临界浓度的变化并建立东北特早熟棉区不同群体棉花氮临界浓度稀释模型。结果表明：不同种植密度下棉花氮临界浓度与地上部最大生物量间均符合幂函数关系（N=aW-b）,模型参数 a ,b 值在不同种植密度下存在差异。同一品种生产相同生物量的需氮量随种植密度的增加而增大,而同一密度下生产相同的生物量新棉33B的氮素吸收量高于辽棉19号。基于氮临界浓度稀释条件下的异速生长参数,氮素营养指数以及动态氮素临界累积量等指标得到的东北特早熟棉区不同群体适宜施氮量的结果一致,表明9.75万株·hm-2密度下240 kg·hm-2施氮量为东北特早熟棉区最佳种植密度和施氮量。 相似文献
11.
The stability analysis is one of the important problems in the traffic flow theory, where the congestion phenomena can be regarded as the instability and the phase transition of a dynamical system. An extended optimal velocity model is deduced by considering the effect of the information of two leader cars. The stability condition of the extended model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is derived to describe the traffic behavior near the critical point by applying the nonlinear analysis. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the analytical results and show that the traffic congests are suppressed more efficiently by considering two vehicles ahead. Therefore, the next-nearest-neighbor car has strong effects on traffic dynamics and plays an important role on stabilizing the traffic flow. 相似文献
12.
This paper presents a model for freeway traffic flow simulation and prediction. The model uses cellular automation theory to model complex traffic behavior. The advantage of the cellular automata approach is that the roadway to be modeled is quantized into simple homogeneous cells, time is quanitzed into discrete steps, and physical quantities take on a finite set of values. Also, the state of the cells is updated at each discrete timestep by using a vehicle update algorithm that combines a few vehicle motion models, governed by a relatively small set of parameters. Then vehicles just move one or several cells at each discrete timestep according to the self-defined rule. This approach makes the computer operation feasible. At last, the paper puts forward a suppose that if the simulation system is equiped with the self-study system of NN (neural network) module according to the statistical data from the transducer fixed on the freeway, it can predict the traffic status ahead of 10 minutes. 相似文献
13.
The prediction of network traffic flow is a problem of great significance in the research work of resource allocation and congestion control. Based on this accurate prediction, the scheme of resource allocation and control can easily adapt to dynamic variations of incoming traffic flow. So the goal of optimal network performance is achieved. There are many sorts of traffic flow of self-similarity characteristics in high-speed network, and some research work has showed this self-similarity keeps in close contact with the attractor of chaos system. A rate prediction of self-similar traffic sources in high-speed network is proposed as well as the maximum of predictable time by applying the technology of phase space reconstruction about chaotic time series. This method has a simple prediction mode, and the result of simulations indicates it also has highly accurate results. 相似文献
14.
RANNA Hazihan 《Journal of Landscape Research》2020,(1):88-94
On the basis of analyzing connotation of congestion pricing,through the qualitative analysis of the main content and implementation effect of the congestion policy in cities such as Singapore,London and Stockholm,the basic conditions for urban congestion charges were summarized.Compared with Beijing’s urban development,traffic development status,urban transport infrastructure and social factors,the current policy of traffic congestion charging is still not available from the perspective of the current status of car ownership in Beijing,residents’ travel composition,and population density distribution. 相似文献
15.
In order to achieve optimal bidding strategy of power plants in electricity market, the authors build optimal bidding model by predicting the bidding coefficients of competitors, and the optimal bidding coefficient without considering transmission capacity is achieved. Based on the bidding coefficients, the market clearing model is built, and the expected market clearing price is achieved. According to the expected values, the authors calculate the power flow. When forecasting the transmission congestion, this paper presents an optimal bidding model taking transmission congestion into account. Based on sensitivity analysis, the output regulation of power plants with minimum cost of eliminating congestion is achieved. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can help power plants achieve the optimal profit. 相似文献
16.
Analysis on Effect of Traffic Loads on Landslide Stability 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the design of landslide control engineering,the effect of traffic loads has not been taken into account.The authors simplified the traffic loads as mobile dead loads and traffic dynamic load.The mobile dead load ranges from 2.34 to 6.41 kPa.The impact coefficient was chosen to denote the traffic dynamic load and ranges from 0.1 to 0.4.Using several stability analysis methods widely accepted by engineers,combining two analysis samples,by the contrast of stability tests with and without consideration of the mobile dead load or the traffic dynamic load,the authors found that when the traffic load is not taken into account,the stability coefficient of shallow layer landslide(<8m) is overrated by 4.3-11 percent or 5.8-12.1 percent in comparison with the case when the mobile dead load or traffic dynamic is taken into account respectively,that is,the influence of mobile dead loads and traffic dynamic load is cannot be neglected.In case of medium deep layer landslide or the road is passing through the anti sliding section,the influence of the traffic load is a little and can be neglected. 相似文献
17.
Basing eliminating on the idea that the generator who has the most influence on the power flow of line is mostly in favor of transmission congestion, the model of congestion management with the object of minimizing adjustments of bufions varied with generation outputs is proposed. It can eliminate the congestion effectively by judging the generators who should be adjusted and the amounts of adjustment. The test on IEEE-RTS24 buses system and other practical systems show that the proposed method is effective. 相似文献
18.
A new congestion management model based on high low settlement is proposed for the electricity market. The model combines the transaction mechanism and congestion management to eliminate congestion in branches with the minimum equivalent increase in the system regulating fee. The equality constrains are the branch overloads, the generator sensitivities, and the corresponding adjustments, respectively. By introducing the Lagrange multiplier and a relaxation factor, the nonlinear programming problem with constraints can be translated into an unconstrained nonlinear programming problem. The regulating values of the generators thus can be obtained. The proposed algorithm is verified by a 6 bus system. 相似文献
19.
In order to satisfy the demand of the double-deck traffic in city, a concrete box girder model with rectangular web openings was designed with ratio of 1:6. Experimental study was carried out to investigate the flexural capacity of the model girder with double uniformly distributed load. The finite element model was established based on the experiment and the results agreed with measurement results. The effect of the web openings on the girder was explored. The results demonstrated that the deflection caused by load on bottom plate of box girder was 9.7% more than that of load on the top plate. The deflection of girder with web opening is 22.9%~28.1% greater than that of girder without web opening. Compared with girder without web opening, the shear lag of girder with web opening increased, of which the maximum value was 62.0% in various working conditions. simply-supported concrete box girder with web openings under double uniformly distributed load affect the flexural capacity. 相似文献
20.
To research the influence of combustion chamber thermal boundary conditions on micro combustion characteristics in micro ICE, the laminar flow finite rate model is adopted to simulate the micro combustion process. Firstly, the influence of grid scale, the time step length and the maximum iterations per time step on accuracy of simulation results are explored. The results show that simulation results agree well with experimental results. And then, the influences of heat transfer coefficient, wall thickness and material on combustion characteristics are discussed. The results indicate that heat transfer coefficient has obvious influence on combustion characteristics. The pressure rise rate decreases, the ignition delays and the highest pressure value drops 2 atmospheres as heat transfer coefficient increases from 0 to 55 W/(m 2·K). The wall thickness and material have a little effect on combustion characteristics. This is because that the main heat transfer resistance in the heat flow path from cylinder to external environment lies between the outer wall and environment. 相似文献