共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
采用不同生态棉区选育的棉花品种,在新疆库尔勒、石河子和河北南宫市3地进行“异地分期种植比较”,研究了棉纤维的晶区取向参数的变化及其与纤维比强度的关系,结果表明：随纬度升高,由中熟棉区向北疆早熟棉区推移过程中,晶区取向参数升高,纤维比强度降低。随播期的推迟,相同果枝部位棉铃开花期随之推迟,晶区取向参数随之逐渐变大（宽化）,纤维比强度降低。新疆品种到内地种植后,晶区取向参数略有升高,纤维比强度降低;内地品种到新疆种植后,晶区取向参数略有升高,其纤维比强度降低,但新疆与河北产棉区间纤维比强度的差异不大。在本研究条件下,比强度与晶区取向参数均达到显著负相关,纤维晶区取向参数的优化（变小）有利于纤维比强度的提高,纤维晶区取向参数的变化是不同生态棉区纤维比强度改变的原因之一。 相似文献
2.
冠层微气候的监测是精细农业的发展的必然要求。苹果树冠层温湿度是影响果树生长、决定苹果质量和产量的直接因素,冠层温湿度的监测方案及策略是由其分布特性决定的。为了研究冠层温湿度的时空分布特性,进行了实地试验持续地监测了苹果树冠层多个位置点的温湿度,在不同的冠层不同的日期进行了2次试验以相互验证。试验结果表明：时间上在太阳最为活跃的中午前后,空间上在果树冠层靠顶部和边缘的位置温度随时间的波动最大;冠层温度的极值点最多出现在沿着主干的直线方向上。【结论】由此,可得出结论:中午前后及冠层边缘处的监测频率应较大一些;提出了一种优先监测冠层中心沿着主干方向2~3个位置点,再监测冠层其他点的监测策略 相似文献
3.
棉花冠层光合有效辐射空间分布插值方法 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
获取冠层光合有效辐射PAR(Photosynthetically active radiation)信息对于作物估产、长势监测以及优化种植有重要意义。运用地统计学空间网格法原理测定了鲁棉研28号的棉花冠层PAR值,综合应用等值线图、残差和交叉验证比较分析了12种插值方法,发现克里金插值法最优;进一步利用克里金插值法分析了冀958、中棉所60、零式果枝品系L0三个品种PAR透射光的空间分布特征,等值线图显示PAR透射光空间分布与株型对光的影响一致,即验证了克里金插值法为模拟研究棉花冠层PAR值的最佳方法。 相似文献
4.
《中国农学通报》2016,(35)
冠层微气候的监测是精细农业的发展的必然要求。苹果树冠层温湿度是影响果树生长、决定苹果质量和产量的直接因素,冠层温湿度的监测方案及策略是由其分布特性决定的。为了研究冠层温湿度的时空分布特性,进行了实地试验持续地监测了苹果树冠层多个位置点的温湿度,在不同的冠层不同的日期进行了2次试验以相互验证。结果表明:时间上在太阳最为活跃的中午前后,空间上在果树冠层靠顶部和边缘的位置温度随时间的波动最大;冠层温度的极值点最多出现在沿着主干的直线方向上。由此可得出结论:中午前后及冠层边缘处的监测频率应较大一些;提出了一种优先监测冠层中心沿着主干方向2~3个位置点,再监测冠层其他点的监测策略。 相似文献
5.
于2003-2006年连续3个生长季, 利用不同小麦品种在不同施氮水平下进行大田试验,在小麦不同生育期采集田间冠层高光谱数据并测定植株氮素含量、生物量和籽粒蛋白质积累量(GPA)。通过定量分析小麦籽粒蛋白质积累量、冠层氮素营养指标及高光谱参数的相互关系,确立了能够准确预测小麦籽粒蛋白质积累动态的敏感光谱参数及定量模型。结果表明,在籽粒灌浆期间冠层氮素营养指标(CNNI)自开花期随时间进程的积分累积值与对应时期籽粒蛋白质积累状况存在显著的定量关系,其中植株氮积累量(PNA)表现最好。对冠层氮素营养指标的光谱估算,在不同品种、氮素水平、生育时期和年度间可以使用统一的光谱模型。根据特征光谱参数-冠层氮素营养指标-籽粒蛋白质积累量这一技术路径,以冠层氮素营养指标为交接点将两部分模型链接,建立高光谱参数与籽粒蛋白质积累量间定量方程。经不同年际独立数据的检验,基于SDr/SDb–PNA–GPA技术路径建立模型可以估算小麦籽粒生长过程中蛋白质积累动态,预测精度和相对误差分别为0.954和13.1%。因此,利用关键特征光谱参数可以实时监测小麦籽粒生长进程中蛋白质积累状况。 相似文献
6.
基于冠层反射光谱的夏玉米叶片氮积累量估测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为实现夏玉米冠层氮素状况的实时无损监测,于2009—2010年连续2个生长季,通过不同玉米品种和施氮水平下的田间试验,研究夏玉米叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的相关关系,提出叶片氮积累量的敏感光谱参数,并建立叶片氮积累量的定量估算模型。结果表明,夏玉米叶片氮积累量随施氮水平的提高而增加;可见光波段的460~670 nm和近红外区的780~1100 nm是监测玉米叶片氮积累量变化差异的敏感波段;归一化植被指数(NDVI)、优化的简单比值指数(MSR)、优化土壤调节植被指数(OSAVI)、修正土壤调整植被指数(MSAVI)和土壤调整植被指数(SAVI)与叶片氮积累量相关性较好。利用不同年际独立试验数据对监测模型进行检验,以OSAVI为自变量构建的叶片氮积累量监测模型效果最优,相关系数(r)为0.6745,均方根差(RMSE)为1.2368。利用本研究确立的玉米叶片氮积累量与冠层反射光谱的定量关系,可用来定量估测叶片氮积累量的变化状况。 相似文献
7.
由于对边坡强度参数统计特性考虑不全面,使得边坡可靠性指标计算值偏小,对应的失效概率偏大,常常超过10%,设计中难以采纳,造成地基可靠度规范的制定和执行进展缓慢。以某高速公路全风化花岗岩土质高边坡为工程背景,在分析土质参数统计特性的基础上,采用极限平衡理论和蒙特卡罗模拟法,系统地分析了土质强度参数的均值不定性、变异性、相关性、区间特性和空间变化性等对边坡稳定可靠性的影响。结果表明：土性参数的各种统计特性对边坡稳定可靠性均具有不同程度的影响。可靠性指标计算值随抽样距离的减小而增加,随c或φ均值的增大而增加,随c和φ的变异系数的增大而减小,随c和φ相关系数绝对值的增大而增加,考虑区间性后可靠性指标计算值也明显变大。即变异性对边坡稳定不利,而相关性、区间性和空间变化性对边坡稳定有利。因此,准确而全面地考虑土质参数的统计特性,尤其是在参数变异性和相关性的基础上加以考虑土性参数空间变化性和区间性会更加符合工程实际,且计算结果趋于安全,有利于地基可靠度规范的推广运用和边坡工程的安全评价。 相似文献
8.
基于GreenSeeker的冬小麦NDVI分析与产量估算 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以2007-2009年连续2个冬小麦生长季的田间试验数据为基础,利用GreenSeeker获取冠层归一化差值植被指数(NDVI),分别对不同氮营养条件下冬小麦的产量变化、冠层NDVI值随施氮量和生育期的动态变化,以及NDVI与产量的相关性定量分析,建立基于NDVI的冬小麦产量估算模型。结果表明,冬小麦的产量变化随施氮量的增加呈抛物线趋势变化;冠层NDVI在返青期前随施氮量增加基本不变,返青期至灌浆初期随施氮量增加呈显著增加趋势;整个生育期冠层NDVI呈现“低–高–低”变化趋势。冬小麦整个生育期不同施氮水平下的NDVI值与产量的相关性均为正相关关系,且相关性随生育期逐渐增强,在灌浆末期达到最大。利用NDVI建立的冬小麦产量估算模型,以灌浆初期(P=0.005)和灌浆末期(P<0.001)的模型达到极显著水平。经验证,灌浆初期的冬小麦产量预测值与实测值的回归关系达到了显著水平(P=0.0129),灌浆末期则达到极显著水平(P=0.0002)。因此,利用灌浆初期和灌浆末期的NDVI值可以预测冬小麦产量,尤以灌浆末期预测效果更佳。 相似文献
9.
在控制水分条件下棉花高产优质生育与产量模型研究 Ⅱ.群体生育优化模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用最优回归设计与参数分析相结合的方法,根据田间试验资料对棉花群体生长发育进行了模拟优化,建立了不同施氮量、密度、灌溉定额条件下棉花群体生长发育优化模型;该模型群与产量函数模型的优化措施方案相偶联,模拟出了每公顷1650公斤以上霜前皮棉的棉花合理生长发育动态变化曲线、为优化方案的实施提供了诊断指标和参数。 相似文献
10.
基于宽范围动态植被指数的棉花冠层覆盖度监测 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
旨在利用宽范围动态植被指数对棉花冠层覆盖度进行监测,解决传统的利用归一化差值植被指数对冠层覆盖度较高时监测不准确(饱和)的问题。采用高光谱仪获取棉花不同时期不同覆盖度的冠层光谱反射率,通过对构成归一化差值植被指数的近红外波段反射率引入系数α来提高修正后的植被指数随棉花覆盖度变化的动态范围。当利用权重系数0.1≤α≤0.2对近红外波段反射率调整之后,新形成的宽范围动态植被指数用于监测不同覆盖度棉花时未出现“饱和”现象。利用宽范围动态植被指数建立的棉花覆盖度监测模型的决定系数r2＞0.948,对棉花冠层覆盖度进行监测,可以解决传统的归一化差值植被指数对冠层覆盖度较高时监测不准确(饱和)的问题,提高了植被指数对棉花冠层覆盖度监测的精度。 相似文献
11.
基于等效原则、相似理论,考虑三维地震动作用下振动台试验中原型结构隔震层的简化,并对模型结构隔震层进行系统研究。针对不同高宽比隔震结构,提出完全等效简化方法和部分等效简化方法,包括隔震垫等效、模型支座参数及坐标确定、相似关系确定等。利用不同高宽比隔震结构振动台试验,结合有限元数值模拟,进行方法验证。理论推导与数值模拟证明简化方法具有良好的准确性,且在误差允许范围内,简化后的隔震层所获得的加速度、速度、位移等动力特性与简化前相同,可以用于振动台试验模型设计。 相似文献
12.
A clogging segment mechanical model is established on gas extraction horizontal borehole. Based on the air pressure extremes pmax of the construction site, we solve the corresponding critical clogging length L0 and find clogging will occur when L> L0. With the clogging segment mechanical model, we analyze the calculation method of the retreat drilling rod resistance in borehole. The influence rule of clogging length and air supplying system pressure on retreat drilling rod resistance is analyzed. Analysis results show that the main reason for difficult drilling clogging and retreat drilling rod is the higher pressure in borehole clogging segment. The retreat drilling rod resistance is especially sensitive to the change of air supplying system; therefore, the effective method of reducing the retreat drilling rod resistance is reducing the air supplying system pressure in borehole. The drilling construction status in Jiulishan coal mine is analyzed by using the clogging segment mechanical model, and three technical measures are put forward, including increasing slagging space, reducing slagging resistance and increasing drilling rod strength. When the improving measures are adopted, the pipe-sticking phenomena decreases, the drilling rod broken phenomenon are averted and the drilling efficiency increases by 17%. 相似文献
13.
在油气钻井工程中,由岩石蠕变引起的井眼缩径或井壁坍塌时有发生,本文基于能量守恒定律分析岩石蠕变的3个阶段,阐述传统的蠕变模型难以研究岩石加速蠕变阶段的原因。为此,在西原模型的基础上串联了一个绕组元件,建立改进西原模型及相应的本构方程。根据油气开发过程中所钻遇地层部分岩心的蠕变实验数据,对建立的改进西原模型进行验证,表明该模型能够很好地反映出岩石的蠕变特性,尤其是在岩石所受荷载大于长期强度的情况下,对凸显岩石加速蠕变阶段效果明显。该改进西原模型的提出可为进一步揭示岩石蠕变的客观规律提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
驾驶员的视觉适应过程直接影响交通安全。为考虑驾驶员的视觉适应过程,在确定公路隧道入口段亮度时,通过实测得到驾驶员驾车进入隧道过程中的瞳孔大小变化数据,建立了描述驾驶员驾车进入隧道过程中瞳孔面积变化速率最大值与各相关参数之间关系的数学模型。以驾驶员不发生视觉障碍的瞳孔面积变化临界速率为基准,计算得到了驾驶员瞳孔面积变化达到临界速率时,隧道入口段的最低亮度,分析了隧道入口段所需最低亮度与洞外亮度之间的关系,通过回归分析建立了隧道入口段亮度与洞外亮度之间关系的数学模型,得到了考虑驾驶员视觉适应的公路隧道入口段亮度确定方法。 相似文献
15.
Based on the technique proposed by Muki & Sternberg, a rigorous analytical method for calculating the interaction factor between two piles with different lengths, diameters and properties is presented. The pile group in layered soils is calculated by using the principle of superposition. The validity of the presented method has been verified through comparing with those from other existing solutions. A parametric analysis is made to study the pile group settlement and the loads shared by the individual pile. The proposed interaction factors of pile-pile can consider the strengthening effect of intervening piles. The proposed method can be used to analyze the large pile group. 相似文献
16.
LIN Yuan-hu LI Run-fang SHI Tai-he LIANG Zheng LIN Teng-jiao Goods SWPI ngqing Chin 《保鲜与加工》2004,(8):1-6
It is difficult to calculate the penetration rate (ROP) of percussion drilling. In the early research, the empirical or semiempirical formulae of the ROP are derived from the laboratory or field data collected by the researchers. However, the ROP value of the formulae is not as accurate as that in the field. Benefiting from the dynamic model, the geometric structure model and the theory of the roller cone bit, the mathematical model of the hammer bit, the mathematical model of the true bottom hole and the mathematical model between the tooth and the rock of the hammer bit are established. Hence the ROP of the air percussion drilling can be predicted by simulation. Field tests show the models are reliable and the results are coincident with that in the field. The research can help to redesign the hammer bit and optimize the drilling parameters. 相似文献
17.
Concrete pipe piles, whose internal surface is usually closed and external one is exposed to chloride environment, are widely used in marine environment. Based on Fick second law and the boundary condition of pipe pile, the analytical solution to chloride diffusion equation was deduced with the method of separation of variables. The solution comprises two parts: a stationary solution consisting of Bessel functions, and a transient solution. This is different from the traditional analytical solution that is based on semi-infinite boundary condition. Applying this result to a typical PHC pipe pile, the diffusion of chloride concentration was analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of outer radius and inner radius, diffusion coefficient and protective concrete cover thickness on diffusion of chloride concentration were also discussed. When the ratio of outer radius and inner radius equals 1.5, the decay rate of secondary segment of transient solution is 4 times larger than that of the primary part. This example provides a computational basis for the corrosion of steel bar and some reference for durability design of pipe piles as well. 相似文献
18.
Compared with column bored pile,the bored pile with branches and plates is a new type of piles with higher bearing capacity and lower settlement.Field comparative tests related to ultimate bearing capacity of both the bored piles with branches and plates and column bored piles at the same site in Huzhou city of province Zhejiang in China were studied through self-balanced method under static pressure.The results testify that,compared with column bored pile under the same geological conditions,the bored pile with branches and plates can obtain better economic benefit such as: increasing ultimate compressive bearing capacity and ultimate extraction bearing capacity used per cubic meter concrete over 75.3%and 118.9%respectively,while dropping consumption of reinforced concrete upwards of 41.9%and 44.1% respectively,reducing settlement and pile length under the same loading.The tests will present an objective reference to the new type of piles in both theoretic study and application to analogous engineering. 相似文献
19.
Zhang Siping Deng Anfu 《保鲜与加工》1990,(3)
In this paper, a large number of tests are made for studying the model test technique of socketed piles in soft rock, consisting of methods measuring peoperties of model materials, preparing model piles and pressure cells, forming different roughness of model pile, measuring initial lateral pressure,and testing of different types of model piles. According to the regularity and the comparison of the test results, the test method is feasible, from which the behavior of socketed piles in soft rock can be further understood. 相似文献
20.
Numerical models based on FLAC 3D are difficult to build. A new kind of method modeling and meshing in the CATIA software, named the CATIA-FLAC 3D coupled modeling method, was proposed. This method utilizes the powerful geological modeling capabilities of CATIA for three-dimensional geological body modeling and meshing. And then, the interface program of CATIA-FLAC 3D is adopted to export the information into FLAC 3D, which is coded by visual basic language based on the variance of nodes and elements between the two software. The new proposed method was used in a bias tunnel through a mountain, and the results verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献