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利用Li-COR6400便携式光合作用测定系统对紫金牛的光合速率日变化进行研究。结果表明:紫金牛叶片净光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,最高峰出现8:00,次高峰出现在14:00,有明显的"午休"现象,非气孔因素是导致午休的主要原因。相关分析和回归分析表明,紫金牛光合速率的主要影响因子为气孔导度。紫金牛叶片光能利用率和水分利用效率随着光合有效辐射的增强而降低,说明紫金牛对弱光的利用能力较强。 相似文献
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燕龙板栗光合作用及其相关因素的日变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了改进板栗栽培技术,提高其光合效率,以2年生板栗品种"燕龙"为试材,研究了板栗的光合作用及其相关因素的日变化。结果表明:板栗净光合速率的日变化呈双峰曲线型,有明显的午休现象,分别在10:00和15:00出现高峰,10:00的峰值较高,13:00~14:00出现"午休"现象;去雄后,板栗叶片光合速率下降;板栗叶片气孔导度日变化与光合速率的变化趋势一致,而蒸腾速率日变化呈单峰曲线型,峰值出现在13:00;胞间CO2体积分数在午休期间较高。午间随着光照强度的增加,气温和叶温升高,蒸腾速率增加,气孔导度和光合速率下降。 相似文献
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利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对九节龙的光合速率的日变化进行了研究。结果表明:九节龙叶片净光合速率的日变化趋势表现为"双峰"曲线,其次高峰和最高峰分别出现在10:00和14:00,表现出有明显的"光合午休"现象,且导致其"光合午休"的主要原因为孔因素。相关分析和回归分析表明,九节龙光合速率的主要影响因子为气孔导度。此外,九节龙叶片光能利用率和水分利用效率与光合有效辐射呈极显著或显著负相关关系,即光合有效辐射越强,其叶片光能利用率和水分利用效率越低,说明九节龙叶片利用弱光的能力比较强。 相似文献
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《经济林研究》2015,(4)
为给牛角瓜的优质栽培和田间管理提供依据,用LI-6400型光合测定仪于2014年5月观测了元江干热河谷不同牛角瓜叶位叶片光合特性的日变化特征,对牛角瓜不同叶位叶片光合能力进行了研究。结果表明:牛角瓜上下叶位叶片光合速率呈双峰曲线,中叶位呈单峰曲线,上叶位叶片有光合"午休"现象,气孔导度与净光合速率日变化趋势基本一致。各叶位叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值日变化由高到低依次均为上叶位、中叶位、下叶位;胞间CO2浓度呈相反趋势,由高到低依次为下叶位、中叶位、上叶位。研究发现,牛角瓜不同叶位全天最大净光合速率值出现在9:00~10:00,光合"午休"主要是由于叶肉细胞羧化能力下降引起的;除光照因素外,气孔导度是影响光合速率的主要因子。 相似文献
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‘渤丰1号’杨光合速率日变化及其与生理生态因子的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用Li-6400光合仪测定了1年生‘渤丰1号’杨的光合日变化,研究其与生理生态因子的相关性。结果表明,‘渤丰1号’杨净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度日变化均为"双峰"曲线,峰值出现的时间均是10:00和14:00,在12:00存在明显的"光合午休"现象;全天净光合速率最大值为10:00的20.64μmol·m-2s-1,比第二峰值高出16%。相关性分析表明,净光合速率与蒸腾速率呈极显著正相关(r=0.9290),与气孔导度和光合有效辐射呈显著正相关(r=0.8518、r=0.8226),与大气CO2浓度呈显著负相关(r=-0.8433);在4个生态因子中,影响净光合速率日变化的主要是光合有效辐射和大气CO2浓度。 相似文献
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利用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪研究了高地省藤苗期光合作用日变化特征,结果表明:①高地省藤5个月幼苗Pn、Tr日变化曲线均呈双峰型,12:00左右出现明显的光合"午休"现象,峰值出现在10:00和14:00左右,"午休"过后,气孔扩张,且蒸腾增加量高于Pn增加量;②水分利用效率WUE和气孔限制值Ls也呈双峰趋势,在10:00均达最大值,WUE光合"午休"时降至最低,16:00出现次高峰,Ls变化较WUE平缓,光合"午休"时略有下降,18:00时降到最低值;③相关性分析结果表明:对Pn影响最大的因子是Ls,其次是Gs、WUE、Tr、RH、PAR、VPD、Ca、Ta,这些因子与Pn均呈正相关,但均未达到显著水平,高地省藤光合速率变化是多因素综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献