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1.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(12):50-53
采用国际标准的Andersen-6级空气微生物样品收集器在5个养鹿舍(A、B、C、D、E)空气中收集微生物气溶胶。通过对养鹿舍环境中气载需氧菌、空气中大肠杆菌、空气中肠球菌含量的检测及其在Andersen-6级采样器上的分布情况,评估养鹿舍的环境卫生质量以及推断微生物气溶胶对饲养人员及鹿自身可能造成的危害。结果表明:鹿舍环境中微生物气溶胶的浓度较高,而且大部分空气微生物气溶胶粒子的空气动力学直径较小,很容易进入人和鹿的呼吸道深部,对机体造成危害;5个鹿舍内气载需氧菌含量在鹿舍C中最高,为4.06×105cfu/m~3,鹿舍E内气载需氧菌含量最低,为7.80×104cfu/m~3,5个鹿舍内空气需氧菌含量之间差异均不显著(P0.05),但是,鹿舍C和D中可吸入的需氧菌含量与其他鹿舍之间差异显著(P0.05)。 相似文献
2.
本研究采用Andersen-6级空气微生物样品收集器,选用血-葡萄糖-琼脂培养基为采样介质,对两个不同种兔舍环境空气中需氧菌总数和葡萄球菌总数进行了检测,并对葡萄球菌的菌群组成进行了分析.结果表明,两个兔舍内需氧菌含量分别为1.73～85.8×103CFU/m3、2.71～9.66×103CFU/m3空气,葡萄球菌含量分别为0.94～7.84×103CFU/m3、1.02～6.54×103CFU/m3空气.兔舍空气中葡萄球菌主要包括金黄色葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、科氏葡萄球菌、头状葡萄球菌和马胃葡萄球菌,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的含量占葡萄球菌总数的26.3%～29.6%,其次是腐生葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌.另外,还对需氧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在Andersen-6级收集器不同层级上的分布情况进行了统计分析,结果表明,约有56.4%的需氧菌和49%金黄色葡萄球菌分布在3～6层上,空气动力学直径(Aerodynamic diameter,Dae)在6～0.2μm,它们能进入人、畜的气管、支气管,甚至细支气管,对饲养员和动物的呼吸道构成严重危害. 相似文献
3.
禽舍微生物气溶胶含量及其空气动力学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用Andersen-微生物空气样品收集器，选用普通营养琼脂和金黄色葡萄球菌选择培养基对一个种鸡场舍环境空气进行监测。其需氧菌含量从3.12×104到9.01×105，金黄色葡萄球菌含量波动于2.0×103～3.3×104CFU/m3之间。根据微生物气溶胶颗粒在Andersen-收集器不同层级上的分离情况得知，22.5%的需氧菌、1.8%的金黄色葡萄球菌气溶胶颗粒的空气动力学直径(d50)为Φ0.65～2.1μm，它们能进入人、畜的肺泡，对人畜呼吸道构成感染威胁。 相似文献
4.
《中国草食动物科学》2017,(4)
采用ANDERSEN-6级空气微生物样品收集器,以5%公绵羊血琼脂和麦康凯3号培养基为采样介质,分别对3个不同兔场环境中气载需氧菌含量、气载革兰氏阴性菌含量与菌群组成进行了检测。结果表明:兔舍内气载需氧菌含量在0.78×103~20.10×103 CFU/m3之间,气载需氧革兰氏阴性菌含量在0.39×102~10.30×102 CFU/m3之间,占需氧菌总数的2.12%~10.20%;革兰氏阴性菌群包括肠杆菌、奈瑟氏菌、巴氏杆菌和假单胞菌,肠杆菌科细菌中大肠埃希氏菌占多数。在其中2个兔舍中还检测到可导致兔发生肺炎的肺炎克雷伯氏菌。 相似文献
5.
兔舍环境空气微生物气溶胶的检测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用国际标准ANDERSEN6级微生物空气样品收集器,选用血葡萄糖琼脂培养基,分别对两个不同种兔舍环境空气微生物进行监测。其舍内需氧菌含量分别为4.19×103～5.55×104CFU/m3、6.35×103CFU/m3空气,需氧革兰氏阴性细菌含量分别为3.04×102～3.27×103CFU/m3、4.68×102CFU/m3空气。根据微生物气溶胶颗粒在ANDERSEN-收集器不同层级上的分布情况得知,约有50%的需氧细菌气溶胶颗粒和革兰氏阴性细菌气溶胶颗粒分布在3、4层上,空气动力学直径(Dae50)在2～6μm之间,它们能进入人、畜的气管、支气管,甚至细支气管,对饲养员和动物的呼吸道构成严重威胁。 相似文献
6.
《动物医学进展》2015,(12)
为了客观的评估气载内毒素和革兰阴性菌对鹿舍环境的污染及对饲养员和动物体健康的危害,本试验采用国际标准的AGI-30(All Glass Impinger,AGI-30)液体冲击式空气微生物收集器和Andersen-6级撞击式空气微生物收集器对山东省境内5处不同的鹿场舍内气载内毒素进行了检测。结果表明,鹿舍空气中气载内毒素的浓度介于0.085×10~3 EU/m~3~1.380×103 EU/m~3,鹿舍内气载内毒素含量在鹿舍C中最高,在鹿舍B中最低。这5处鹿场舍内气载内毒素的浓度均部分超出了内毒素对人体无影响的标准(100EU/m~3)。鹿舍空气中气载革兰阴性菌的浓度介于0.019×10~3 CFU/m~3~1.580×10~3 CFU/m~3之间。其中优势菌群是肠杆菌,大肠埃希菌最常见。气载需氧菌的浓度介于4.580×10~3 CFU/m3~5.240×104 CFU/m~3之间。气载革兰阴性菌在需氧菌含量中的比例为0.41%~3.02%。通过该研究,可以对鹿舍的环境有一个客观的认识,可作为鹿舍环境评定的一种重要参考指标。 相似文献
7.
牛舍空气微生物及向环境传播的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用４ 台 Ａ Ｎ Ｄ Ｅ Ｒ Ｓ Ｅ Ｎ微生物空气样品收集器对一个犊牛舍内及环境空气细菌含量进行了测量, 需氧菌总数分别为８５３６ ～４６６９１ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ 和２６４９ ～２４７７５ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ , 厌氧菌浓度计３０１７ ～２４７７５ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ 和６６１ ～４１２２ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ ｍ３ 。根据 Ｈ Ｅ Ｓ Ｋ Ｅ Ｔ Ｈ （１９７４） 计算公式和 Ｋ Ｌ Ｕ Ｇ （１９６９） 气溶胶颗粒扩散模式, 得出犊牛舍菌源强度, 即向环境排放需氧菌为１１００００ ～１４００００ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｓ , 厌氧菌在２７０００ ～１７５０００ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｓ 之间。细菌浓度实际测量值与估算一致, 该公式和扩散模式适合于动物舍菌源强度和舍外环境不同距离空气微生物浓度的估算。距离犊牛舍１００ ｍ 下风处, 需氧菌高达６５０ ～８３９ Ｃ Ｆ Ｕ／ｍ ３ , 厌氧菌１６０ ～１０３４ 细菌／ｍ ３ , 各项均超过正常值１０ ～１５ 倍。 相似文献
8.
摘 要：[目的]本研究旨在了解水貂舍细菌气溶胶和气载内毒素对环境的污染及对饲养人员健康的潜在危害。[方法]采用Andersen-6空气收集器和AGI-30液体冲击式采样器对市郊不同饲养条件的2个水貂场6栋养殖舍内的细菌气溶胶和气载内毒素进行定期检测。[结果]两个场舍内气载需氧革兰氏阴性菌浓度分别介于4.17×101~2.43×103 CFU/m3之间和4.27×101~5.1×103 CFU/m3之间,以大肠杆菌科为主,假单胞菌属和巴斯德氏菌属次之;从革兰氏阴性菌在Andersen-6空气收集器层级上的分布规律来看,主要分布在Ⅲ级（36.9%）,气溶胶颗粒直径在2~6 mm之间。两个场舍内的气载内毒素浓度分别介于2.92×102~2.15×103 EU/m3之间和2.67×101~2.56×102 EU/m3之间。[结论]水貂舍内气溶胶颗粒可以进入到动物和人的支气管、细支气管,甚至肺泡,在一定程度上增加了水貂和饲养人员呼吸道疾病发生的可能性;气载内毒素的浓度部分超出了对人体无影响的推荐标准（1.0×102 EU/m3）,可对水貂饲养人员的健康造成一定的危害;舍内气载革兰氏阴性菌与内毒素之间没有必然的相关性,表明空气中气载内毒素含量不能用空气中气载革兰氏阴性菌的含量来评估。 相似文献
9.
本试验采用ANDERSEN-6级和AGI-30(AGI=All Glass Impinger)空气微生物样品收集器分别对三个不同兔场环境中气载内毒素及革兰氏阴性菌含量进行了测定,并对二者在数量上的关系进行了探讨.此外,还对兔舍内环境中气载内毒素和气载革兰氏阴性菌的来源进行了初步分析.结果表明,兔舍内气载内毒素含量介于22～774 EU/m3空气之间;气载需氧革兰氏阴性菌含量在0.39～10.3×102CFU/m3之间,没有检测出专性厌氧的革兰氏阴性活菌.在三个兔场中,革兰氏阴性菌含量与内毒素含量之间存在弱的正相关(rA=0.23;rB=0.29;rC=0.24),所以不能通过测定气载革兰氏阴性细菌含量来估计气载内毒素的含量.通过对气载内毒素来源的分析,可以推测饲料和粪便可能是其主要的来源. 相似文献
10.
对五个鸭舍环境中气载内毒素浓度与气载需氧革兰氏阴性菌浓度进行了测定,并对二者之间的数量关系进行了统计分析,同时对需氧革兰氏阴性菌的成分进行了研究。在测量的鸭舍中革兰氏阴性菌菌群占优势的是肠杆菌,其中大肠杆菌最为常见。气载内毒素与气载需氧革兰氏阴性活菌含量和气载需氧活菌总数在数值上存在弱的正相关,此结果表明不能通过测定气载需氧革兰氏阴性细菌或需氧细菌总数来估计气载内毒素的含量。舍内气载内毒素的含量介于0.19~20.08103EU/m3之间;气载需氧革兰氏阴性活菌的含量介于1.69~90.37103CFU/m3之间;气载需氧活菌含量介于1.01~55.72104CFU/m3之间。 相似文献
11.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献19.
20.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献