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1.
Left ventricular hypertrophy signals a poor prognosis in hypertensive humans. Cardiac disease is common in cats with systemic hypertension. The aims of this study were to characterize the echocardiographic findings of cats with systemic hypertension and to determine if reducing the degree of hypertension is associated with resolution of cardiac hypertrophy. Echocardiographic examinations were performed on 19 cats with naturally occurring systemic hypertension. Fourteen of these cats were subsequently studied after a minimum of 3 months of treatment with the antihypertensive agent amlodipine. Hypertensive cats had a significantly thicker interventricular septum in both systole and diastole, thicker left ventricular free wall in both systole and diastole, and larger left atrium compared to the published normal values and 74% (14/19) of the cats met criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (diastolic septal or free-wall thickness > 0.60 cm). Systolic blood pressure was lower after treatment (217 +/- 25 mm Hg, range: 180-275 mm Hg; and 142 +/- 27 mm Hg, range: 90-200 mm Hg). No difference was found in any of the echocardiographic measurements between the untreated and treated cats, although more cats had ventricular hypertrophy before treatment (11/14) than after initiating amlodipine (6/14; P = .006). Ventricular hypertrophy is common in hypertensive cats and may resolve after the initiation of amlodipine.  相似文献   

2.
Excessive moderator bands in the left ventricle of 21 cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Excessive numbers of moderator bands bridging the left ventricular septum and free wall and entangling papillary muscles were associated with heart failure and death in 21 cats. Clinical findings included dyspnea, anorexia, hypothermia, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, plumonary edema, heart murmurs, gallop rhythm, electrocardiographic abnormalities (especially conduction disturbances), increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, angiocardiographic evidence of left ventricular restriction, and aortic thromboembolism. Pathologic changes included a morphologically distinct network of abnormal numbers of moderator bands in the left ventricle, left ventricular hypertrophy (younger cats--mean age, 4 years) or dilatation (older cats--mean age, 8.7 years), left atrial enlargement and hypertrophy, and pulmonary edema with heart failure cells in the alveoli. Heart weights of affected cats were significantly less than those of cats with congestive, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (endocardial fibrosis), but were not significantly less than heart weights of clinically normal cats. Pathologic changes were characteristic of the syndrome grossly and histologically, but clinical findings were not clearly definable.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of systemic hypertension (SHT) on echocardiographic and radiographic cardiovascular variables in affected cats compared with healthy geriatric cats. Secondary objectives were to determine whether there were any relationships between these findings and age or systolic blood pressure (SBP). Fifteen healthy cats (>8 years of age with normal SBP) and 15 hypertensive cats (SBP > 180 mm Hg) were studied. Each cat was evaluated for standard echocardiographic parameters and 4 different aortic root dimensions. Seventeen variables were measured from right lateral and dorsoventral radiographic views. Left ventricle wall thickness was greater in the SHT group (5.1 +/- 0.9 mm) than in the healthy cats (4.2 +/- 0.5 mm). Left ventricular hypertrophy in the SHT cats often was not severe, and mean measures were considered normal. Some cats had asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) in the basilar portion of the septum as determined from the 2-dimensional view of the left ventricular outflow tract. ASH was greater in cats with SHT. Comparisons of the proximal ascending aorta indicated the presence of dilatation in the SHT cats, and comparison of the ascending aorta to the aortic annulus was helpful in differentiating between the 2 groups. The distal aortic root measurements and ratios evaluated by echocardiography were significantly different between the 2 groups of cats (P = .0001) and were significantly correlated with SBP (P = .0001) but not age (P > .3).  相似文献   

4.
A retrospective study was performed in 75 hypertensive cats to determine the spectrum and frequency of M-mode echocardiographic abnormalities. Results indicated that 21.3% of the cats had M-mode measurements within normal reference ranges. For cats with echocardiographic abnormalities, changes were variable. Thirty-nine percent of hypertensive cats had hypertrophy of the interventricular septum in diastole, and 41.3% had hypertrophy of the left ventricular (LV) posterior wall in diastole. One cat in five had a dilated left atrium, while fractional shortening and LV internal dimension in diastole were normal in 82.7% and 86.7% of the cats, respectively. The marked variability of echocardiographic findings in hypertensive cats made echocardiography an unreliable screening test for hypertension.  相似文献   

5.
A colony of cats affected with hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy was used to study the occurrence of cardiomyopathy associated with dystrophin deficiency. Affected male and female cats, obligate carrier females, and unaffected healthy littermates were followed from 12 weeks of age into adulthood. Thoracic radiography, 2-D echocardiography, and 2-D-derived M-mode echocardiography were performed at 3-month intervals until 12 months of age and regularly thereafter. From 9 months of age, all affected cats had larger hearts than normal and carrier animals. Left ventricular wall thickness in systole and in diastole and interventricular septal thickness in systole were greater in affected cats 12 months and older when compared with normal or heterozygous animals (P < .05). The myocardium of affected cats was diffusely hypoechoic and thickened. Multiple hyperechoic foci were in the myocardium and papillary musculature. Shortening fraction was normal in all cats. Changes seen in carrier females included enlargement and hyperechogenicity of the papillary musculature after the age of 2 years. Gross and light microscopic examination revealed left ventricular wall thickening with multiple foci of mineralization in 2 of 5 hearts from dystrophin-deficient cats. Although approximately 10% of the normal dystrophin amount was present in the skeletal muscle, dystrophin could not be detected in the myocardium. Early onset concentric myocardial hypertrophy was present in all adult cats. Lesions were mainly localized in the myocardium of the left ventricular free wall and interventricular septum, papillary musculature, and the endocardium. Clinical signs of heart failure developed only infrequently in cats with hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy.  相似文献   

6.
Echocardiographic findings in 103 cats with hyperthyroidism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Using M-mode echocardiography, cardiac abnormalities were studied in 103 cats with untreated hyperthyroidism. In addition, follow-up echocardiography was performed on 24 of these cats to assess the long-term (4 to 21 months) effect of treatment (thyroidectomy or radioiodine) on thyrotoxic cardiac disease. The most common echocardiographic abnormality in the 103 untreated hyperthyroid cats was hypertrophy of the left ventricular caudal wall (71.9%). Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum also was documented in 39.8% of the 103 cats. Other abnormalities included high values for left atrial diameter (70.0%), aortic root diameter (18.5%), and left ventricular diameter at end diastole (45.6%). In some of these cats, indices of contractility were enhanced; in 21.4% and 14.6% of the cats, values for shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, respectively, were greater than those values measured in clinically normal cats. After treatment of the hyperthyroidism, left ventricular hypertrophy resolved or improved in many of the cats, as indicated by decreases in left ventricular caudal wall and interventricular septum thicknesses. Hyperdynamic wall motion resolved in all cats after treatment, as evidenced by consistent decreases in shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. Despite these improvements, some cats had one or more persistently abnormal echocardiographic values after treatment. These results suggested that in cats, hyperthyroidism commonly is associated with largely reversible cardiomyopathy. In those cats in which cardiomyopathy persists or worsens after treatment, underlying primary cardiomyopathy or thyroid hormone-induced cardiac structural damage may exist.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify regulation of the renin-angiotensin (RA) system in cardiac tissues by measuring angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and chymase activities in cats with pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. ANIMALS: 13 adult cats. PROCEDURES: Pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy was induced by coarctation of the base of the ascending aorta in 6 cats, and 7 cats served as untreated control animals. Cats were examined before and 3 months and 2 years after surgery. Two years after surgery, cardiac hypertrophy was confirmed by echocardiography, and the blood pressure gradient was measured at the site of constriction. Cats were euthanized, and ACE and chymase activities were measured in cardiac tissues. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD pressure gradient across the aortic constriction was 63 +/- 6 mm Hg. Chymase activity predominated (75% to 85%) in the RA system of the cardiac tissues of cats. Fibrosis in the wall of the left ventricle was detected in cats with hypertrophy, and fibrosis of the papillary muscle was particularly evident. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chronic pressure overload on the heart of cats can activate the RA system in cardiac tissues. A local increase in angiotensin II was one of the factors that sustained myocardial remodeling.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of systemic hypertension in cats with diabetes mellitus and establish ranges for echocardiographic variables in diabetic cats. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 14 cats with diabetes mellitus and 19 healthy control cats. PROCEDURE: Systolic blood pressure was measured indirectly with a noninvasive Doppler technique. Ophthalmic and echocardiographic examinations were performed, and urine protein concentration was measured. Cats were considered to have hypertension if they had systolic blood pressure > 180 mm Hg and at least 1 other clinical abnormality typically associated with hypertension (eg, hypertensive retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, or proteinuria). RESULTS: None of the diabetic or control cats had systolic blood pressure > 180 mm Hg. One diabetic cat had left ventricular hypertrophy, but systolic blood pressure was 174 mm Hg. None of the cats had evidence of hypertensive retinopathy or proteinuria. Mean values for echocardiographic variables for the diabetic cats were not significantly different from published values for healthy cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that hypertension does not occur or occurs in only a small percentage of cats with diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there was an association between hypertensive retinopathy and high systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures in cats. ANIMALS: 181 cats. PROCEDURE: Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were measured by use of a noninvasive oscillometric technique. The range of blood pressure measurements in healthy cats from various age groups was determined. Associations among systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure; hypertensive retinopathy; hyperthyroidism; left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy; chronic renal failure; and serum biochemical abnormalities were determined. RESULTS: All blood pressure measurements increased with age in healthy cats. The frequency of hypertensive retinopathy also increased with age and with blood pressure, and hypertensive retinopathy was particularly found in cats with systolic blood pressures > 168 mm Hg. There was an increased risk for hypertensive retinopathy in cats that were female, > 10 years old, and neutered. The risk of chronic renal failure also increased as blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure, increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypertensive retinopathy was common in cats > or = 10 years of age and was associated with systolic blood pressures > 168 mm Hg when measured by the noninvasive oscillometric technique.  相似文献   

10.
The echocardiographic, ECG, and radiographic findings of sequentially examined cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM, n = 8), and hyperthyroidism (HT, n = 20) were compared with those of healthy control cats (n = 11). Cats with DCM were easily differentiated from healthy cats by echocardiography and from cats with HCM and HT by a dilated left ventricle at end-diastole with a mean +/- SD of 2.20 +/- 0.36 cm, reduced fractional shortening (2.9% +/- 3.7%), reduced aortic amplitude (0.07 +/- 0.05 cm), reduced left ventricular wall amplitude (0.09 +/- 0.09 cm), and increased E-point septal separation (0.83 +/- 0.29 cm). The cats with HCM were most consistently recognized echocardiographically by increased left ventricular wall thickness at end-diastole (0.75 +/- 0.12 cm). Some cats with HT had abnormal echocardiograms with left ventricular wall hypertrophy. These cats could usually be differentiated from the cats with HCM because of normal or increased ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, or percentage of thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Left atrial enlargement (left atrial diameter greater than 1.57 cm or left atrium/aorta greater than 1.75) was commonly detected by the echocardiogram in cats with DCM, HCM, or HT. The echocardiogram was helpful in differentiating the type of cardiomyopathy (DCM, HCM, or HT) when plain thoracic radiographs indicated that cardiomegaly existed. The ECG may have indicated incorrectly that there was left ventricular enlargement in some cats with HT, and it did not indicate consistently that left ventricular enlargement existed when present in cats with DCM or HCM. The ECG was a poor indicator of left atrial enlargement in all cats.  相似文献   

11.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats is characterized by concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and both diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Although impaired cardiac function detected by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in cats with HCM was previously reported, reference ranges of TDI in normal cats and cats with HCM have been reported as widely variable. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) was useful for assessment of cardiac function in human patients with HCM, but clinical utility was not known in cats. The aim of this study was to assess global and segmental LV myocardial function using STE in cats with HCM whose TDI variables were within the reference range. A total of 35 cats of different breeds were enrolled in this study. The HCM group (n=22) was cats diagnosed as HCM without left atrial enlargement and with normal TDI measurements. HCM cats were further divided into a segmental hypertrophy (S-HCM) group and a diffuse hypertrophy (D-HCM) group. The control group consisted of 13 clinically healthy cats. No cats in any group showed any clinical symptoms. Conventional echocardiography, TDI, and global and segmental STE indices were evaluated and compared between groups. Only the longitudinal strain rate during early diastole was significantly decreased in both HCM groups, even in all segments including those without hypertrophy in S-HCM group. This study suggests that STE parameters are the more sensitive variables compared with conventional TDI parameters to detect early myocardial diastolic dysfunction in cats with HCM.  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: The cardiac myosin binding protein C gene is mutated in Maine Coon (MC) cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. HYPOTHESES: Early diastolic mitral annular velocity is incrementally reduced from normal cats to MC cats with only an abnormal genotype to MC cats with abnormal genotype and hypertrophy. ANIMALS: Group 1 consisted of 6 normal domestic shorthair cats, group 2 of 6 MC cats with abnormal genotype but no hypertrophy, and group 3 of 15 MC cats with hypertrophy and abnormal genotype. METHODS: The genotype and echocardiographic phenotype of cats were determined, and the cats were divided into the 3 groups. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the lateral mitral annulus from the left apical 4-chamber view was performed. Five nonconsecutive measurements of early diastolic mitral annular velocity (EM) or summated early and late diastolic velocity (EAsum) and heart rate were averaged. RESULTS: There was an ordered reduction in Em-EAsum as group number increased (group 1, range 9.7-14.7 cm/s; group 2, range 7.5-13.2 cm/s; group 3, range 4.5-14.1 cm/s; P = .001). Using the lower prediction limit for normal Em-EAsum, the proportion of cats with normal Em-EAsum decreased as the group number increased (P = .001). However, Em-EAsum was reduced in only 3 of 6 cats in group 2. CONCLUSION: The incremental reduction of Em-EAsum as group severity increased indicates that diastolic dysfunction is an early abnormality that occurs before hypertrophy development. TDI measurement of Em or EAsum of the lateral mitral annulus is an insensitive screening test for identification of phenotypically normal, genotypically affected cats.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To assess Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) for evaluating left ventricular diastolic wall motion in healthy cats and cats with cardiomyopathy. ANIMALS: 20 healthy cats, 9 cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 9 cats with unclassified cardiomyopathy (UCM). PROCEDURE: A pulsed wave DTI sample gate was positioned at a subendocardial region of the left ventricular free wall in the short axis view and at the lateral mitral annulus in the apical 4-chamber view. Indices of diastolic wall motion were measured, including peak diastolic velocity (PDV), mean rate of acceleration and deceleration of the maximal diastolic waveform (MDWaccel and MDWdecel, respectively), and isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). RESULTS: The PDV of cats with HCM and 6 of 9 cats with UCM was significantly decreased, compared with that of healthy cats. In the 3 cats with UCM that had a PDV that was not different from healthy cats, MDWaccel and MDWdecel were greater, and IVRT was shorter than those of healthy cats. The IVRT in cats with HCM was longer than that of other cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Indices of diastolic function in cats with HCM, and in many cats with UCM, differed from those of healthy cats and were similar to those reported in humans with HCM and restrictive cardiomyopathy, respectively. However, the hemodynamic abnormality was not the same for all cats with UCM; some cats with an enlarged left atrium and a normal left ventricle (ie, UCM) had abnormal left ventricular wall motion consistent with restrictive cardiomyopathy while others did not.  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND: The clinical implications of evaluating C-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration in cats are still controversial. HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma C-terminal ANP concentration and left atrial pressure (LAP) in healthy cats with volume overload (study 1), and to compare plasma C-terminal ANP in normal cats and cats with cardiomyopathy (study 2). ANIMALS: Five healthy adult cats were used in study 1, and clinically healthy cats (n=8) and cats with cardiomyopathy (n=14) were used in study 2. METHODS: In study 1, cats were anesthetized and given acetated Ringer's solution (100 mL/kg/h for 60 minute) via the cephalic vein. Hemodynamic measurements and blood samples, collected from the jugular vein, were performed at 10-min intervals. In study 2, blood samples from normal cats and cats with cardiomyopathy were collected from the cephalic vein. The plasma C-terminal ANP concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay for human alpha-ANP. RESULTS: In study 1, volume overload significantly increased the C-terminal ANP concentration and LAP from baseline. The C-terminal ANP concentration was strongly correlated with the mean LAP. In study 2, age, E wave velocity, and the ratios of the left atrium to aorta were significantly higher in the cats with cardiomyopathy compared with the normal cats. The C-terminal ANP concentration was significantly higher in the cats with cardiomyopathy compared with the normal cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Our results suggest that the measurement of plasma C-terminal ANP in cats may provide additional information for the diagnosis of heart disease.  相似文献   

15.
Diagnosis of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy currently is based on the presence of myocardial hypertrophy detected using conventional echocardiography. The accuracy of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for earlier detection of the disease has never been described. The objective of this sudy was to quantify left ventricular free wall (LVFW) velocities in cats with hypertrophic muscular dystrophy (HFMD) during preclinical cardiomyopathy using TDI. The study animals included 22 healthy controls and 7 cats belonging to a family of cats with HFMD (2 affected adult males, 2 heterozygous adult females, one 2.5-month-old affected male kitten, and 2 phenotypically normal female kittens from the same litter). All cats were examined via conventional echocardiography and 2-dimensional color TDI. No LVFW hypertrophy was detected in the 2 carriers or in the affected kitten when using conventional echocardiography and histologic examination, respectively. The LVFW also was normal for 1 affected male and at the upper limit of normal for the 2nd male. Conversely, LVFW dysfunction was detected in all affected and carrier cats with HFMD when using TDI. TDI consistently detects LVFW dysfunction in cats with HFMD despite the absence of myocardial hypertrophy. Therefore, TDI appears more sensitive than conventional echocardiography in detecting regional myocardial abnormalities.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether decreased diastolic and systolic myocardial velocity gradient between the endocardium and the epicardium exist in the left ventricle of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Myocardial velocity gradient and mean myocardial velocities were measured by colour M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in the left ventricular free wall of 20 normal cats and 17 cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. RESULTS: The peak myocardial velocity gradient (sec(-1)) during the first (E1) (5.71+/-1.75 versus 11.38+/-3.1, P<0.001) and second phase (E2) (3.09+/-1.53 versus 7.02+/-3.1, P=0.005) of early diastole and also the maximum early diastolic myocardial velocity gradient (Emax) (6.12+/-2.1 versus 10.76+/-3.2, P<0.001) were reduced in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy compared with normal cats. Peak myocardial velocity gradient during early systole (Se) was lower in affected cats than in normal cats (6.26+/-2.08 versus 8.67+/-2.83, P=0.006). Affected cats had a lower peak mean myocardial velocities (mm/s) during the two isovolumic periods (IVRb and IVCb) compared with normal cats (2.97+/-6.76 versus 12.74+/-5.5 and 22.28+/-9.96 versus 38.65+/-10.1, P<0.001, respectively). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cats have decreased myocardial velocity gradient during both diastole and systole and also altered myocardial motion during the two isovolumic periods. Myocardial velocity gradients recorded by colour M-mode tissue Doppler imaging can discriminate between the healthy and diseased myocardium.  相似文献   

17.

Background

Maine coon cats have a familial disposition for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with evidence of an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance [1]. The current mode to diagnose HCM is by use of echocardiography. However, definite reference criteria have not been established. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of echocardigraphic changes consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Swedish Maine coon cats, and to compare echocardiographic measurements with previously published reference values.

Methods

All cats over the age of 8 months owned by breeders living in Stockholm, listed on the website of the Maine Coon breeders in Sweden by February 2001, were invited to participate in the study. Physical examination and M-mode and 2D echocardiographic examinations were performed in all cats.

Results

Examinations of 42 asymptomatic Maine coon cats (10 males and 32 females) were performed. The age of the cats ranged from 0,7 to 9,3 years with a mean of 4,8 ± 2,3 years. Four cats (9,5%) had a diastolic interventricular septal (IVSd) or left ventricular free wall (LVPWd) thickness exceeding 6,0 mm. In 3 of these cats the hypertrophy was segmental. Two cats (4,8%) had systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve without concomitant hypertrophy. Five cats (11,9%) had IVSd or LVPWd exceeding 5,0 mm but less than 6,0 mm.

Conclusion

Depending on the reference values used, the prevalence of HCM in this study varied from 9,5% to 26,2%. Our study suggests that the left ventricular wall thickness of a normal cat is 5,0 mm or less, rather than 6,0 mm, previously used by most cardiologists. Appropriate echocardiographic reference values for Maine coon cats, and diagnostic criteria for HCM need to be further investigated.  相似文献   

18.
The histological features of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have been well documented, but there are no reports describing the histological features in mild pre-clinical disease, since cats are rarely screened for the disease in the early stages before clinical signs are apparent. Histological changes at the early stage of the disease in pre-clinical cats could contribute to an improved understanding of disease aetiology or progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological features of HCM in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium of cats diagnosed with pre-clinical HCM. Clinically healthy cats with normal (n = 11) and pre-clinical HCM (n = 6) were identified on the basis of echocardiography; LV free wall dimensions (LVFWd) and/or interventricular septal wall (IVSd) dimensions during diastole of 6–7 mm were defined as HCM, while equivalent dimensions <5.5 mm were defined as normal. LV myocardial sections were assessed and collagen content and inflammatory cell infiltrates were quantified objectively. Multifocal areas of inflammatory cell infiltration, predominantly lymphocytes, were observed frequently in the left myocardium of cats with pre-clinical HCM. Tissue from cats with pre-clinical HCM also had a higher number of neutrophils and a greater collagen content than the myocardium of normal cats. The myocardium variably demonstrated other features characteristic of HCM, including arteriolar mural hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and, to a lesser extent, myocardial fibre disarray and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results suggest that an inflammatory process could contribute to increased collagen content and the myocardial fibrosis known to be associated with HCM.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of medetomidine on dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in cats with left ventricular hypertrophy. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 6 domestic shorthair cats with echocardiographic evidence of dynamic LVOT obstruction. PROCEDURE: Cats were restrained in lateral recumbency, and baseline M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed. An ECG was recorded continuously, and blood pressure was measured indirectly with Doppler instrumentation. Medetomidine (20 microg/kg 19.1 microg/lb]) was then administered i.m., and examinations were repeated 15 minutes later. RESULTS: Significant decreases in heart rate, LVOT velocity, and the LVOT pressure gradient were documented following medetomidine administration. After adjusting for the effects of heart rate by ANCOVA, there were no significant differences in any other systolic or diastolic indices of left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of medetomidine to cats with dynamic LVOT obstruction may result in elimination of outflow tract obstruction; medetomidine may be a suitable sedative and analgesic agent in this subpopulation of cats.  相似文献   

20.
A feline domestic shorthair queen and her 3 offspring were all diagnosed with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The family has been followed for 13 years, and 3 cats have died of aortic thromboembolism (ATE). This communication documents the long-term progression of HCM in these cats that presented with mild left ventricular hypertrophy and hyperdynamic systolic ventricular function, developed progressive left atrial enlargement, and eventually resulted in hypodynamic left ventricular systolic function with relative left ventricular chamber dilation at the time of ATE.  相似文献   

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