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1.
布鲁菌病(Brucellosis)是一种高度流行的人畜共患传染病,可造成巨大的经济损失,严重制约了当今畜牧业的发展并对人类健康构成了严重威胁。绵羊种布鲁菌病是由绵羊种布鲁菌(Brucella ovis,B.ovis)引起的一种以绵羊生殖系统功能障碍和怀孕绵羊流产为特征的慢性传染性疾病。目前,对于绵羊种布鲁菌的胞内寄生机制和感染机制尚不清楚,现将从病原学、流行病学、致病机制和疾病防控等方面对绵羊种布鲁菌病的研究进展进行概述,为后期挖掘绵羊种布鲁菌的致病机理和与其相关的研究奠定一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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为掌握临泽县肉牛传染病和寄生虫流行情况,临泽县动物疫病预防控制中心对全全县肉牛传染病和寄生虫病的感染情况进行了摸底普查.通过详细普查,掌握了全县肉牛传染病和寄生虫病发生显著,为有效防控提供了重要理论依据. 相似文献
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羊副结核病是由副结核分枝杆菌引起的一种以顽固性腹泻、肠粘膜显著增厚为主要临床特征的慢性传染病,多呈现隐形感染,该病潜伏期长,传播迅速,呈全球性分布,对畜牧业的危害巨大。本文立足羊副结核病研究进展的实际情况,梳理总结了目前学术界对羊副结核病病原学、流行病学、致病机制、临床诊断和免疫综合防控等方面的研究讨论,为羊副结核病的诊断与防控提供了理论基础。在此基础上提出防控羊副结核病政府需制定有效政策,养殖场需加强饲养管理,形成科学有效的防控系统,为我国畜牧业的可持续健康发展提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病(以下简称布病)是由布鲁氏菌引起的严重危害人民健康和影响畜牧业发展的人畜共患传染病,我国将其列为二类动物疫病,同时也被《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》列入乙类传染病。2019年12月,中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所发生的因实验室操作不规范,而引起的布病感染事件,为畜牧兽医工作者的布病防控再一次敲响了警钟。本文结合畜牧兽医行业实际,对畜牧兽医工作者的布病防控进行了探讨,提出了一些具有针对性和可操作性的对策建议。 相似文献
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Necrotic enteritis is an acute gastrointestinal infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality which caused by Clostridium perfringens. The disease not only harms the livestock health and animal welfare,but also has been an emerging threat for breeding industry and human health. Antibacterial drugs played a positive role on preventing this disease,however,drug-resistant strains were increasing with irrational use of antibiotics,the incidence of necrotic enteritis has drastically increased, prevention and treatment of it faced severe challenges. The author reviewed the characteristics of necrotic enteritis include the etiology,physicochemical properties, epidemiology and clinical signs,at the same time, the control measures and common drugs were summarized,and the new development trend and direction for prevention and treatment necrotic enteritis was objective analyzed, aiming to establish a comprehensive understanding of the disease,provide references for prevention and treatment of the disease. 相似文献
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畜禽坏死性肠炎主要是由产气荚膜梭菌引起的一种急性消化道传染病,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。该病不仅损害畜禽健康,影响动物福利,而且对养殖业发展及人类健康造成了严重威胁。抗菌药的出现对该病起到了积极限制的作用,然而随着抗菌药的不合理使用,耐药菌株不断增加,坏死性肠炎的发病率呈现升高的趋势,防制坏死性肠炎面临严峻挑战。作者从坏死性肠炎的特征入手,综述了坏死性肠炎的病原学、理化特性、流行病学、临床症状等,与此同时对坏死性肠炎的防制措施及目前常用药物进行了总结,客观分析了防制坏死性肠炎的趋势与发展方向,旨在健全对该病的认识,为坏死性肠炎的防制研究提供参考。 相似文献
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在养殖业生产过程中,动物疾病防控是非常重要的工作,防控工作做得成功与否,事关养殖业成效,直接影响养殖户经济收入,做好动物疾病防控就显得尤为重要了,本人认为要做好动物疾病防控工作,就从平时日常管理做起,建立一整套完善的饲养管理制度,为畜禽提供优异的圈舍环境和优质的饲草料,做好防寒防暑措施,落实动物疫病防控措施,增强动物个体抗病能力,就会有效地降低动物疾病的发生,尤其是传染病发生都可以避免;即使发生传染病,也能及时得到有效控制。在大规模养殖过程中,我们要把重点放在做好饲养管理,确保各项生理指标健康,增加个体抗病能力,从而增强群体抗病能力,而不是忙于治疗个别病畜,否则会因小失大,会使动物疾病防控工作完全陷入被动局面。为此不难看出,动物饲养管理和疾病防控工作有着密切关系,本人通过调查研究、查阅资料,对动物饲养管理与疾病防控的关系进行探讨。 相似文献
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牛传染性鼻气管炎又被称为坏死性皮鼻炎,是由牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒感染引发的一种急性呼吸道疾病。不同年龄的牛感染传染性鼻气管炎病毒后表现的临床症状存在一定差异,年龄较小的牛会表现为明显的临床症状,年龄较大的牛呈现隐性感染或持续性感染,患病牛长时间或终生携带病毒,污染周围环境后造成病情反复流行,病情难以控制、难以消灭。牛传染性鼻气管炎造成的死亡率相对较低,但是会严重影响牛群正常生长与采食,需要掌握该类传染性疾病的流行特点,并进行严格诊断,然后构建有效的防控措施,降低发病率。该文分析牛传染性鼻气管炎的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断方法和防治措施。 相似文献
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施马伦贝格病是2011年11月首次在德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的反刍动物中发现的,由布尼亚病毒科正布尼亚病毒属的新成员--施马伦贝格病毒引起的一种新发动物传染病,主要危害绵羊、牛、山羊和野牛。作者对新近发现的施马伦贝格病的发生历史、流行情况、临床症状、病原学、流行病学、病理变化、诊断方法等作一综述。在欧洲施马伦贝格病疫情蔓延迅速,严重危害反刍动物健康,威胁畜牧业生产安全,已经引起欧盟和世界动物卫生组织的高度关注。中国是农业和畜牧业的生产与贸易大国,且中欧农产品贸易往来频繁,应保持高度警惕性,适时采取必要的限制措施,严防这种新发动物传染病传入。 相似文献
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Network modeling of BVD transmission 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: Endemic diseases of cattle, such as bovine viral diarrhea, have significant impact on production efficiency of food of animal origin with consequences for animal welfare and climate change reduction targets. Many modeling studies focus on the local scale, examining the on-farm dynamics of this infectious disease. However, insight into prevalence and control across a network of farms ultimately requires a network level approach. Here, we implement understanding of infection dynamics, gained through these detailed on-farm modeling studies, to produce a national scale model of bovine viral diarrhea virus transmission. The complex disease epidemiology and on-farm dynamics are approximated using SIS dynamics with each farm treated as a single unit. Using a top down approach, we estimate on-farm parameters associated with contraction and subsequent clearance from infection at herd level. We examine possible control strategies associated with animal movements between farms and find measures targeted at a small number of high-movement farms efficient for rapid and sustained prevalence reduction. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,也是对奶牛危害性最大的一种疾病,严重制约着奶业的发展壮大和养牛效益的进一步提高。本调查主要通过对唐山市奶牛乳房炎流行病学各种情况的调查数据统计与分析,得出唐山市奶牛乳房炎的流行病学规律,为防治奶牛乳房炎提供一定的参考帮助,为制定唐山市奶牛乳房炎的综合防治措施提供可行性的依据。 相似文献
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Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak Investigation: Application of the FAO‐OIE‐WHO Four‐way Linking Framework in Indonesia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Misriyah H. A. Pawestri M. Azhar G. Tallis L. Schoonman G. Samaan 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(5):381-387
WHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives. 相似文献
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Sanson RL 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1994,42(2):41-53
Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, highly communicable disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, both domesticated and wild. It may well be the most contagious disease known in the animal kingdom. The key features that contribute to this include its ability to gain entry and initiate infection through a variety of sites, the small infective dose, the short incubation period, the release of virus before the onset of clinical signs, the massive quantities of virus excreted from infected animals, its ability to spread large distances due to airborne dispersal, and the persistence of the virus in the environment. These features, plus the ability of the virus to be disseminated through the movements of animals, animal products, people, and plant and equipment makes the disease very difficult to control. New Zealand has never experienced a foot-and-mouth disease epidemic, and the economic consequences of an outbreak would be disastrous, due to the eradication costs, the loss of productivity and the impact on the export of animals and animal products. The smuggling of meat products, embryos or semen into the country are perceived as the most likely ways in which the disease could be introduced. The New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries therefore operates a two-tier system of defense against foot-and-mouth disease. The first tier involves border protection through stringent import controls to prevent the entry of infectious material. If this barrier is breached, an emergency response programme is activated, involving a stamping-out eradication strategy. This paper attempts to draw on overseas historical outbreak experiences and research findings to gain insights into the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease as it would relate to New Zealand. 相似文献
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猪圆环病毒病的流行病学、临床症状和防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着集约化、规模化的生猪养殖业的高效快速发展,养殖中出现的疾病也越来越多。猪圆环病毒病是由猪圆环病毒引发的传染病,该病毒是一种无囊膜的DNA病毒,是已知最小的动物病毒之一。不同年龄段的猪感染会表现出不同的临床症状,主要包括仔猪多系统衰竭综合征、猪皮炎肾病综合征等,给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。文章主要就猪圆环病毒病的流性病学、临床症状和防治等方面做出总结综述,为猪场对于猪圆环病的日常诊断及防控提供理论指导,也为后续的研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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H J Bendixen 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(11):495-498
In relation to the plans for introducing the free inner market in the Member States of the EEC the principles for the future veterinary control of domestic animals and animal products are described. The traditional frontier control will be replaced by official primary control at the place of production (herd of origin, slaughter house, dairy etc.). The technical conditions are described: Effective disease surveillance and notification, eradication and control schemes for contagious diseases, control of animals in relation to trade. Decentralized veterinary control stations have the best possibility to carry out these functions. They should be staffed and equipped with special regard to the structure of the animal population and the production systems in the area concerned. The EEC-Commission has the task to coordinate and standardize this work with the national veterinary services. It is essential that this work functions identically everywhere in the Community. The herd owner should introduce common measures for protecting his animals against infectious diseases. This could be done by veterinary advisers within the frame of voluntary animal health schemes. 相似文献
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F T Jordan 《British poultry science》1985,26(1):1-15
Man in managing poultry for human benefit has found that his methods may precipitate or exacerbate certain diseases: among which are the mycoplasmosis of fowls and turkeys. Control measures for these conditions have therefore been sought and to make them effective it has been necessary to study the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathogenesis of these conditions. Much is now known about their epidemiology although certain aspects still require investigation. More sensitive and specific methods of diagnosis are also required and although it is possible to control these conditions by eradication the mycoplasmosis are still an economic problem. Under existing management systems, therefore, development and use of effective vaccines and additional drugs are essential. It is noteworthy that the pathogenesis of at least one of the avian mycoplasmosis is similar to human immune-complex disease. In further elucidation of this complex the fowl may be a useful experimental animal. Thus the association of people, poultry and pathogenic mycoplasmas not only involves attempts to control the pathogens in order to attain maximum production by poultry but also could include the utilisation of poultry and the pathogen in an attempt to elucidate some of the diseases of people. 相似文献
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