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Oliver Benedikte Watne Brandsæter Lars Olav Govasmark Espen Fløistad Inger Sundheim 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2015,122(3):141-149
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Bunias orientalis is a highly vigorous weed and the powerful taproot makes control difficult. Taking action against unwanted plant species at the... 相似文献
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东方平腹小蜂Anastatus orientalis是斑衣蜡蝉Lycorma delicatula的一种卵期寄生蜂，明确不同光温条件下成虫活动行为的日节律，可为改进寄生蜂的人工饲养技术提供科学依据。本研究在低温短日照、标准条件和高温长日照3种光温条件下，采用群集饲养的方法，分别对东方平腹小蜂成虫的取食、寄主搜索、静息、寄主检测和产卵5种活动行为的日节律进行了连续5d的定时观察和分析。结果显示：不同饲养条件下东方平腹小蜂成虫的5种活动行为时间分配存在显著差异，其中以静息行为所占比例最高，寄主检测行为占比最低。随着温度的升高和光期时间的延长，取食和寄主搜索活动出现的频率逐渐增加，而静息、寄主检测和产卵行为则逐渐减少。光期下成虫的取食、寄主搜索、寄主检测和产卵行为的频率均高于暗期，而静息行为显著低于暗期。此外，成蜂各种行为发生频率也受日龄影响，即随着日龄的增加，寄主搜索的频率逐渐下降，静息行为逐渐上升；取食、寄主检测和产卵行为的频率均在2～3日龄较高。这些研究结果表明，不同的饲养条件对东方平腹小蜂成虫活动行为的日节律存在显著影响，不同日龄成虫的日行为节律也具有一定差异。 相似文献
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Jisha Veloorvalappil Narayanan Smitha Robinson Babysarojam Priji Prakasan Panichikkal Abdul Faisal Ramani Niravath Babu Girish Moolath 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(3):243-251
This study demonstrates the efficacy of the crude pellet of Bacillus thuringiensis subs. kurstaki (Btk) obtained by SmF or SSF to combat Eutetranychus orientalis Klein. For bioassay, the mites were collected from infested leaves of Vigna unguiculata and Moringa oleifera, and reared by leaf-disc method employing artificial feeding system. In terms of LC50 values, the crude Btk-toxin (probit: 9.51 mg/mL) obtained by SSF was 2.2-fold more efficient in killing E. orientalis than that of SmF (probit: 22 mg/mL). For the efficacy trial with potted plants, 10 mg crude Btk-toxin obtained by SSF was directly sprayed on the infested plants (V. unguiculata), which completely eliminated the mites from the infested plants within 12 days of treatment. In comparison, the survival rate of mites which received Btk-toxin from SSF was significantly (P < 0.0001) lesser than those received Btk-toxin from SmF. In this first report, apart from the efficiency of Btk-toxin in solid-fermented matter to deter the mites without supplementing any adhesive or surfactant in the diet, a feeding system for its rearing in the laboratory coupled with bioassay was also demonstrated. 相似文献
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干旱沙漠区侧柏苗木生物量的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对生态幅度较广的侧柏绿化树种苗木在干旱环境下的物量情况做了调查，建立了有关生物量的估测模型，为在干旱环境下推广该树种，确立其绿化地位奠定了一定的基础。 相似文献
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东方钝绥螨是叶螨的重要捕食性天敌,对多种叶螨的防控起着重要的作用。东方钝绥螨一直被认为是叶螨的专食性捕食者,其规模化生产不成功极大地限制了其应用。本试验在（25±1）℃、RH 80%±5%、光周期16L：8D的条件下,以甜果螨为食,东方钝绥螨能够完成发育和繁殖,并以此组建了东方钝绥螨试验种群生命表。试验结果表明,东方钝绥螨以甜果螨为食各发育阶段历期较短,分别为卵期1.77 d,幼螨期0.77 d,前若螨和后若螨期各为1.05 d。25℃时东方钝绥螨的世代平均周期为14.07 d,内禀增长率0.18,周限增长率1.20,种群倍增时间3.87 d。日均产卵量1.71粒/d,总产卵量平均22.50粒/雌。由此得出甜果螨是饲养东方钝绥螨的一种很好的替代猎物。 相似文献
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Geoff le Patourel 《Pest management science》2000,56(9):732-736
Mixed colonies of adult male and female Oriental cockroaches were conditioned to a 12:12 h photocycle in arenas (0.23 m2) with a harbourage, food and water and then exposed to deposits (30 mg or 2 × 30 mg) of 0.5 g kg−1 fipronil gel bait at the beginning of a dark phase. The bait was rapidly consumed by the first sub‐group of insects to emerge from the harbourage; any residual bait was removed from the arenas 4 h into the following light phase. Third‐instar nymphs were then introduced and mortality was monitored over the subsequent 14 days with all cadavers left in situ. Death of cockroaches under these conditions was due to direct poisoning of the sub‐group of the adults that consumed the bait and to secondary transfer of toxicity to the remainder of the adult and to the nymphal populations. Mean mortality in the adult populations increased to > 96% (females) and > 53% (males) with consistently higher mortality of females than males; that in the third‐instar nymph (unexposed) populations increased to 25–50%. Some cadavers were wholly or partially eaten by other cockroaches during this period, and this was interpreted as the major mechanism of secondary transfer of toxicity. Individual adult females were fed weighed bait deposits (10 mg) and, following death (24 h), the cadavers were transferred to closed containers held at 33%, 52% or 76% relative humidity /28 °C for periods of up to 7 weeks. They were then added individually to groups of five adult females provided with water but no alternative food source. Mean mortalities (>64% at 1 week and > 96% at 7 weeks) were not significantly lower than mean mortalities produced by freshly poisoned cockroaches, showing that no loss in the insecticidal activity of the cadavers occurred under these storage conditions. The potential of necrophagy to supplement the primary action of fipronil bait treatment of Oriental cockroach infestations by inhibiting colony redevelopment is discussed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为明确加州新小绥螨对橡胶重要害螨东方真叶螨的控害潜能，系统研究了21、24、27、30、33、36℃六个不同温度条件下加州新小绥螨对东方真叶螨各螨态的捕食作用。结果表明：不同温度条件下加州新小绥螨对东方真叶螨各螨态的功能反应均能很好的拟合Holling-Ⅱ型圆盘方程。在21~36℃条件下，加州新小绥螨对东方真叶螨成螨和卵的日均捕食量与捕食效能（a/Th）均在33℃时最强，但对若螨和幼螨的日均捕食量与捕食效能在30℃最强。在27℃条件下加州新小绥螨对东方真叶螨若螨、幼螨和卵的选择系数分别为0.62、1.40和1.01。在相同的猎物密度条件下，加州新小绥螨的平均捕食量随其自身密度的增加而逐渐降低，说明加州新小绥螨存在种内竞争和自我干扰作用，捕食作用率与其自身密度关系为E=0.1631P-0.395。 相似文献
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盐旱胁迫下侧柏幼苗的生理响应及水杨酸的调控作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)幼苗为材料,采用根灌外施水杨酸的方式,探讨盐(200mM NaCl)旱(15%PEG6000)胁迫下侧柏幼苗的生长、叶绿素、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质含量的响应变化以及水杨酸(0.5mM SA)对其的调控。结果显示:NaCl、PEG6000和NaCl+PEG6000三种胁迫处理抑制了侧柏幼苗的生长、叶绿素、抗氧化物酶(SOD和POD)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白则降低,且均表现为复合胁迫介于单一胁迫之间,除GSH外,影响程度均为NaCl>NaCl+PEG>PEG;外施低浓度0.5mM水杨酸可提高侧柏幼苗的生长、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性和GSH含量、渗透调节物质含量,并降低了H_2O_2和MDA积累。研究发现,盐旱复合胁迫对侧柏幼苗生理特性的影响并不是单一胁迫的简单叠加,与单一干旱胁迫相比,盐旱复合胁迫在一定程度上能够缓解干旱胁迫对侧柏幼苗生长的影响;一定浓度水杨酸同样能够有效缓解盐旱单一或复合胁迫对侧柏幼苗造成的生理伤害,提高其抗性。 相似文献
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兰州市南北两山的绿化是为当地居民营造良好居住环境的重要工作,该地区造林树种生长规律更是植被恢复中树种选择和抚育管理的依据。以2005年在兰州市甲子坪1号和2号试验地以及2006年在皋兰山试验地栽植的侧柏和山杏为对象,通过树高和胸径调查以及树干解析,对其生长特性进行研究。结果表明:在2014年调查时,甲子坪1号和2号试验地以及皋兰山试验地的侧柏平均树高分别为3.0 m、3.7 m和3.0 m,平均胸径分别为3.5 cm、5.2 cm和3.0 cm,侧柏的存活率为80%~88%,山杏的存活率达到80%以上。2008—2014年的3次调查结果表明,侧柏的树高平均增长量为0.15~0.18 m·a~(-1),山杏的树高平均增长量为0.17~0.20 m·a~(-1)。对侧柏优势木(树高4.5 m)、平均木(树高3.5 m)和劣势木(树高2.8 m)的树干解析得出,侧柏苗期(栽植后3 a)的高生长速率为0.3~0.4 m·a~(-1),个体间没有显著差异,但造林3 a后优势木的高生长速率为0.2~0.4 m·a~(-1)、平均木为0.2 m·a~(-1)、劣势木为0.1~0.2 m·a~(-1),个体间差异显著。 相似文献
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利用东方黄梅和犬地卷微核千分率研究环境污染 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过地衣植物藻类细胞微核检测技术测定了分布于天山菊花台和后峡地区地衣藻类细胞微核千分率（ＭＣＮ‰）及环境污染指数,并进行了ｔ检查。结果表明（ＭＣＮ‰）有明显差异。从两个分布区２种地衣细胞观察分析来看,后峡地区地衣藻类细胞的污染指数都在３．５以上,通过ｔ检查也可以看到,差异极度显著所获得的数据表明,后峡区受到严重的污染。 相似文献
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兰州北山人工侧柏林地土壤渗透性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)人工林是兰州南北两山的主要人工林类型,具有良好的水土保持和水源涵养功能。本文对北山不同灌溉方式、不同栽植年限人工侧柏林地和荒坡地土壤渗透特征进行了研究。结果表明:不同灌溉方式林地的土壤渗透性能存在显著差异,土壤入渗过程符合对数曲线;林地土壤渗透性能随着栽植年限延长呈增大趋势,其土壤入渗过程符合Horton方程,相关系数达到显著水平。与荒坡地相比,人工侧柏林地的入渗速率显著高于荒坡地。 相似文献
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Haihua Wang Jinyu Wang Xixu Peng Pinglan Zhou Ningning Bai Jiao Meng Xiaobo Deng 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(3):515-525
The control efficacy of Platycladus orientalis extract against Rhizoctonia sonali Kühn, the causal agent of rice sheath blight, was evaluated by pot experiments under greenhouse conditions, and the antifungal compounds were isolated and identified through antifungal bioassay-guided fractionation using R. sonali as a tested fungus. The results indicate that the extracts from P. orientalis exhibited a significant reduction in the severity of rice sheath blight. The petroleum ether fraction partitioned from the ethanolic crude extract, showing the highest antifungal activity, was further separated, and two diterpenoid compounds with antifungal property, totarol and sclareol, were isolated and identified from the active subfractions. Totarol and sclareol possessed antifungal activity against most of the tested fungal pathogens of cereal crops such as R. solani, R. cerealis and Fusarium graminearum, indicating a similar broad antifungal spectrum. These findings suggest that the P. orientalis extract and its derived active compounds may be promising candidate agents for controlling plant fungal diseases like rice sheath blight. 相似文献
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The occurrence of a severe attack of Microsphaera platani on Platanus orientalis and on P. orientalis var. cretica in Crete is reported for the first time. 相似文献
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Evidence of early defence to Ascochyta lentis within the recently identified Lens orientalis resistance source ILWL180 
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下载免费PDF全文 In plant–pathogen interactions, strong structural and biochemical barriers may induce a cascade of reactions in planta, leading to host resistance. The kinetic speed and amplitudes of these defence mechanisms may discriminate resistance from susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi. The infection processes of two Ascochyta lentis isolates (FT13037 and F13082) on the recently identified ascochyta blight (AB)‐resistant Lens orientalis genotype ILWL180 and two cultivated genotypes, ILL7537 (resistant) and ILL6002 (susceptible), were assessed. Using histopathological methods, significant differences in early behaviour of the isolates and the subsequent differential defence responses of the hosts were revealed. Irrespective of virulence, both isolates had significantly lower germination, shorter germ tubes and delayed appressorium formation on the resistant genotypes (ILWL180 and ILL7537) compared to the susceptible genotype (ILL6002); furthermore, these were more pronounced on genotype ILWL180 than on genotype ILL7537. Subsequently, host perception of pathogen entry led to the faster accumulation and notably higher amounts of reactive oxygen species and phenolic compounds at the penetration sites of the resistance genotypes ILWL180 and ILL7537. In contrast, genotype ILL6002 responded slowly to the A. lentis infection and reaffirmed previous gross disease symptomology reports as highly susceptible. Interestingly, quantification of H2O2 was markedly higher in ILWL180 particularly at 12 h post‐inoculation compared to ILL7537, potentially indicative of its superior resistance capability. Faster recognition of A. lentis is likely to be a major contribution to the superior resistance observed in genotype ILWL180 to the highly aggressive isolates of A. lentis assessed. 相似文献
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Vespa orientalis F. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), a major pest of apiculture, indirectly disrupts pollination of fruit and vegetable crops, and constitutes a public health menace. Control methods are imperfect, labor-intensive, and entail the use of medically and environmentally dangerous chemicals. A parasitic wasp,Sphecophaga vesparum Curtis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), has been found to attack a large proportion (up to 100%) of observedV. orientalis nests in southern Israel. Within these nests, 2.5–95.1% of host cells were parasitized by three to seven individuals. Heavily parasitized nests showed considerable reductions in the proportion of queen cells. 相似文献
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烟粉虱是农作物、瓜果蔬菜以及观赏植物上的重要害虫,往往发生重、防治难。采用天敌防治针对性强且无毒无害,植绥螨作为防治烟粉虱较好的捕食性天敌,国际商品化程度高,但引进存在风险,希望发掘我国本土防治烟粉虱植绥螨优势种。在试验中发现,本地植绥螨优势种津川钝绥螨和东方钝绥螨对烟粉虱的卵及1龄若虫都具有一定捕食作用,为评价其捕食能力,本文研究了两者雌、雄成螨对烟粉虱的功能反应。结果表明,两种螨对烟粉虱的功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型。津川钝绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵及1龄若虫的理论最大捕食量分别为19.6粒/d、10.7头/d,分别高于东方钝绥螨雌成螨53.5%、2.6%;其雄成螨对烟粉虱卵的理论最大捕食量为3.6粒/d,对烟粉虱1龄若虫几乎不取食,东方钝绥螨雄成螨的理论最大捕食量分别为3.3粒/d、4.3头/d。总体来说,津川钝绥螨比东方钝绥螨具有更强的捕食能力,有较好的应用前景。 相似文献