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In the mid-1970s, a new apple variety named ‘Meran’ was discovered in South Tyrol (northern Italy), which harbours the largest continuous apple growing area in Europe. The cultivar was registered for varietal protection and patented in several countries, and was declared to be a cross of the varieties ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Morgenduft’ (synonym ‘Rome Beauty’). The parentage of ‘Meran’ has, however, been questioned, and the present study aimed to assess the descent of this cultivar by the combined use of molecular genetic and bioinformatic tools. Five accessions of ‘Meran’ were collected from three different European germplasm collections and analysed at 14 variable microsatellite DNA loci. Subsequently, computer software was used to allocate the most likely parent pair from a set of cultivars representative for the apple growing area of South Tyrol in 1975. The molecular genetic data clearly excluded ‘Morgenduft’ as a gene donor to ‘Meran’ and provided strong evidence that ‘Meran’ is a cross of the cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’, confirming previous assumptions based on morphological traits of the tree and fruit. 相似文献
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黑穗醋栗品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用ISSR标记技术对39个黑穗醋栗品种的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明：13条ISSR引物扩增的总带数（A）从3到11条不等,平均扩增出6.77条带,平均多态性带百分比（P）为64.37%。聚类分析显示,在相似性系数为0.8496处将39个黑穗醋栗品种分为5组。第Ⅰ组包含8个起源国家的品种,说明世界各国之间基因交流较为频繁。‘Ben Lomond’和‘Kantata’同其他品种的遗传距离较远,两者又有诸多优良农艺性状,可作为黑穗醋栗的优良育种材料。 相似文献
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R Pernice D Scuderi A Napolitano V Fogliano 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):420-427
SummaryThe characteristics and nutritional quality of fresh-cut vegetable products during shelf-life depend on the raw material as well as on pre- and post-harvest factors. In this work, three of the commercially most widespread lettuce cultivars (‘Montego’, ‘Great Lakes 118’ and ‘Salad Bowl’), characterised by different qualitative traits, were cultivated under two different conditions, processed using standard conditions for fresh-cut lettuce, packaged in plastic trays and stored for 9 d at 5°C. Visual and texture analyses were performed, with determinations of polyphenol composition and of anti-oxidant activity. The results showed that the concentration of polyphenols was different in the three varieties, and was highest in ‘Salad Bowl’. The main polyphenols found were chlorogenic acid and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside in ‘Montego’, chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-glucoside in ‘Great Lakes’, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, rutin and dicaffeoyltartaric acid in ‘Salad Bowl’.The practice of mulching during the growing period leads to an increase in yield; moreover, it also affects the total quantity of polyphenols, but not the qualitative pattern of polyphenols formed in each variety. During storage, a deterioration in sensory characteristics was observed, but this was not accompanied by any significant change in polyphenol content. 相似文献
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针对牡丹切花生产的专用目标,基于灰色关联度分析法,选取14个性状构建“标准品种”,对51个紫斑牡丹（Paeonia rockii）品种进行评价并筛选出适宜切花的品种,为牡丹切花生产提供重要的种质资源。结果表明：参试品种分为4类：第Ⅰ类4个品种,关联度为0.7841 ~ 0.8203,为适宜切花的品种,分别是‘京玉红’、‘粉面桃腮’、‘京粉岚’及‘京冠辉红’;第Ⅱ类14个品种,关联度为0.7082 ~ 0.7561,具备良好的切花生产潜力,为较适宜切花的品种;第 Ⅲ 类19个品种,关联度为0.6361 ~ 0.6950,切花生产潜力一般,可作为后备切花品种资源;第 Ⅳ 类14个品种,关联度为0.5771 ~ 0.6291,不适宜作切花。 相似文献
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Shu-Biao Wu Graham Collins 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):665-673
SummarySelf- and cross-incompatibility of the olive cultivars Frantoio, Manzanillo, Kalamata, Pendolino, and Picual were investigated using a 5 × 5 diallel matrix. Pistils were collected seven days after controlled pollinations on the day of flower opening, and pollen tubes were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Diallel analysis showed significant specific combining ability, general combining ability and reciprocal effects between cultivars for pollen tube growth in the pistil. ‘Frantoio’ was cross-compatible, as either a male or female parent, with each of the other cultivars, but showed a high degree of self-incompatibility. ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Kalamata’, ‘Pendolino’, and ‘Picual’ were crossincompatible, and all except for ‘Manzanillo’, were self-incompatible. It is concluded that ‘Frantoio’ is a good general polleniser for the other cultivars investigated. Pollen tube growth decreased in discrete steps from stigma to upper style, and from upper style to lower style, with the result that only one, and rarely more, pollen tube penetrated ovules. The sex ratio of flowers, and pollen viability using fluroescein diacetate staining and in vitro germination, were examined. ‘Frantoio’, ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ had more than 80% perfect flowers, while ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ had less than 30%. ‘Frantoio’ had the highest pollen viability, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ were intermediate, and ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ the lowest. Pollen staining and both in vitro and in vivo germination provided the same male fertility rankings of cultivars. 相似文献
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M. Sangeeta Kutty Lalitha Anand 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):774-778
SummaryRandomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic diversity among 24 cultivars of short-day onions. Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to RAPD analysis using 90 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Of these, 15 primers were selected which yielded 137 bands, 91.24% of which were polymorphic. None of the primers produced a unique banding pattern for each cultivar. RAPD data were used to calculate a Squared-Euclidian Distance matrix which revealed a minimum genetic distance between cultivars ‘AFLR-722’ and ‘PBR-140’, and a maximum genetic distance between cultivars ‘PBR-139’ and ‘A.Kalyan’, and ‘MS-48’ and ‘A.Kalyan’. Based on the distance matrix, cluster analysis was done using a minimum variance algorithm.The dendrogram thus generated, based on Ward’s method, grouped the 24 onion cultivars into two major clusters. The first cluster consisted of cultivars from the northern region, and the second of cultivars from the southern region of India. The present study shows that there is high diversity among the onion cultivars selected and indicates the potential of RAPD markers for identification and maintenance of onion germplasm for crop improvement purposes. 相似文献
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不同引物组合对中国杏品种资源S基因特异扩增效果比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用已报道的5对蔷薇科李属通用引物组合对起源于我国的30个杏(Prunus armeniaca L.)品种进行了S等位基因的专一性PCR扩增（S-allele specific PCR），并依据扩增系数和扩增成功率两个指标对扩增效果进行了评价。结果表明：①不同的引物组合对参试杏品种的扩增系数和扩增成功率差异很大，其中引物组合EM PC2consFD+EM PC3consRD扩增系数和扩增成功率均为最高（66.7%和53.3％），效果最好；②引物组合EM PC2consFD+EM PC3consRD对‘华县大接杏’和‘猪皮水杏’未能扩增出任何条带，而PruC2+PruC4R和PaConsⅡ F+PaConsⅡ R两对组合却能对其扩增出两条带；此外，5对组合均没有对‘兰州大接杏’和‘白木杏’这两个品种扩增出任何条带，表明要对中国杏品种资源的S基因型进行全面、准确鉴定，除了采用不同的引物组合外，还需要根据中国杏的S基因序列进一步开发、设计新的专用引物；③ EM-PC2consFD+EM PC3consRD和PruC2+PruC4R两对组合对‘红丰’、‘新世纪’、‘红荷包’和‘二花槽’等4个品种的扩增结果表明，依据本试验所提出的扩增系数和扩增成功率两个指标评价不同引物组合的扩增效果是有效的。 相似文献
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Tatjana Klepo Amani Toumi RaÚl De La Rosa Lorenzo LeÓn Angjelina Belaj 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):508-512
SummaryUntil recently, olive breeding programmes have been based exclusively on cultivated olive germplasm (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea), in contrast to breeding in other fruit crops where the use of wild relatives has been widely reported. In this study, ten agronomic traits were evaluated in two progenies derived from controlled crosses between the Spanish olive cultivar ‘Picual’ (female) and two wild (O. europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) genotypes (males). The results of this evaluation were compared with the progenies of crosses between ‘Picual’ (female) and the three cultivars, ‘Sikitita’, ‘Meski’, and ‘Zaity’ (male). The two ‘Picual’ × wild genotype progenies had the highest mean values for vigour traits (i.e., tree height and trunk diameter). Progenies from both ‘Picual’ × wild genotype crossess also showed the highest percentages of trees (53.8% and 37.5%) with a short juvenile period, compared to the progenies from crosses between ‘Picual’ and each of the three cultivars ‘Sikitita’, ‘Meski’, and ‘Zaity’ (0%, 5%, and 3.6%, respectively). Significant differences were also observed between progenies in fruit traits as well as in oil contents and fruit weights. Progenies from both crosses with wild olive showed lower values for the fruit traits evaluated than the cultivated olive progenies. However, significant improvements were achieved compared to fruit traits in the wild parents. The implications of these results for the future use of wild germplasm in olive breeding programmes are discussed. 相似文献
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Anuj P. Srivastava Ramesh Chandra Sangeeta Saxena Shailendra Rajan Shirish A. Ranade 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):951-959
SummaryThree different PCR methods [Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), and Directed Amplification of Minisatellite DNA (DAMD)] were used to analyse genetic diversity and parentage among 20 mango cultivars, including 18 landraces and two hybrids (‘Amrapali’ and ‘Mallika’). These hybrids together with a third hybrid (‘Ratna’), and an out-group species (Mangifera sylvatica) were also analysed for parentage. Fifteen, seven and four primers were used to amplify a total of 158, 69 and 59 distinct DNA fragments by RAPD, ISSR and DAMD, respectively. Of these, approx. 85%, 64% and 90% were polymorphic, respectively. Genetic distances between pairs of mango cultivars were measured separately by each method and depicted graphically as a Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree. The three methods revealed different groupings of cultivars and hybrids. A NJ tree based on the cumulative data from all methods correlated well with the parentage of the mango hybrids, and the grouping of cultivars on a regional basis. Genetic markers likely to be associated with important agronomic traits were identified by further analysing the hybrids, with their respective parents, using all three methods. On the basis of the highest number of polymorphic bands observed (90%), DAMD was judged to be the best method with which to analyse mango germplasm. 相似文献
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Pedro Domínguez Juan J. Medina Luis Miranda José M. López-Aranda María T. Ariza Carmen Soria 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2016,16(4):228-238
ABSTRACTThere is an increasing demand in the market to improve strawberry quality by promoting human-health compounds content, as these may play a significant role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Strawberry cultivars, environmental conditions, and agronomical conditions have an effect on fruit characteristics; therefore, it is necessary to constantly generate information about the cultivar response to different production areas and cultural practices. The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of two planting dates, two harvest dates, and four strawberry cultivars on total phenolic acid (gallic acid equivalent), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and soluble solid content?titratable acidity-1 (SSC?TA-1) ratio in Huelva, Spain. Sixteen treatments resulted from the combination of four cultivars, two planting dates, and two harvest dates. Strawberry ‘Camarosa’, ‘Sabrosa’, ‘Aguedilla’, and ‘Fuentepina’ were selected for both seasons and planted on 7 Oct. (early planting) and 21 Oct. (late planting). Mid-February and mid-April were considered early and late harvest, respectively. Nutraceutical and organoleptic responses were specifics for each cultivar. The highest SSC?TA-1 ratio was observed in ‘Fuentepina’ planted late and harvested early. ‘Aguedilla’ resulted in the highest phenolic content when harvested in the late season. Additionally, phenolic content was significantly higher when using late planting combined with late harvest in most of the cultivars. Late harvested ‘Camarosa’ showed the highest TA concentration, whereas ‘Sabrosa’ resulted in the highest SSC regardless of harvesting date. Additionally, ‘Aguedilla’ and ‘Sabrosa’ showed the highest ascorbic content. Strawberry quality could be improved by selecting the adequate planting and harvesting dates according to specific cultivars. 相似文献
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为了利用色素比较评价不同菠萝品种的农艺性状,选取定植在江门地区的4个菠萝品种叶片为试验材料。结果表明,‘金菠萝’的SPAD值和类胡萝卜素最高,显著高于其他3个品种。‘巴厘’的花青苷含量显著高于其他3个品种,‘卡因’的花青苷含量显著高于‘黄金菠萝’。对于绿色叶片而言,高叶绿素含量品种的叶色深绿,低含量的叶色黄绿;对于彩色叶片植株而言,花青苷含量起主导作用。4个品种在色素含量方面有较大差异,色素可以作为进行菠萝品种评价和鉴别的重要指标。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(2):123-146
ABSTRACT Monthly above-ground destructive sampling and partitioning of the plant into distinct component parts for growth and nutrient element (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) analyses were used to compare elemental compositions in two red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars (‘Willamette’ and ‘Haida’) grown in a uniformly managed field plot. Quantitative measurements showed that the two cultivars had different growth patterns. ‘Haida’ yielded greater fresh berry weight and dry matter content than ‘Willamette’ on a per floricane basis, but, because of fewer ‘Haida’ than ‘Willamette’ floricanes in the plot after standard commercial pruning practices, fresh berry yield was similar for both cultivars on a unit area basis. ‘Haida’ berries ripened slightly earlier than ‘Willamette’. Stem, lateral and leaf growth differed between the two cultivars. Although only whole above-ground accumulation (kg ha-1) of one (Ca) of the ten elements measured was different in the two cultivars, the amounts and patterns of all nutrients in the various plant components of floricanes and primocanes differed in significant ways. In some cases, element concentrations in a specific plant component differed between cultivars while dry matter accumulation differed in the opposite way resulting in the same total accumulation in the cane involved. In other cases, there was greater accumulation in one cane type (primocane vs. floricane) than the other such that there was similar accumulation of that element in the whole plant. For Ca, accumulation in primocanes was greater for ‘Willamette’ than ‘Haida’ whereas there was no difference of accumulation in floricanes which resulted in greater accumulation of Ca in the whole above-ground plant in ‘Willamette’. Maximum accumulation of the elements in floricanes occurred generally earlier in the growing season (July to September) than in primocanes (September to October), and these maxima were frequently at different times for the two cultivars, making comparisons of nutrient compositions in the two cultivars complex. Detailed sampling periodically over the growing season in combination with element analysis of these raspberry plant components as done in this study provided a better basis for comparing nutrients in raspberry cultivars than examining element concentrations of a specific plant component (e.g., leaves) sampled once during the growing season because patterns of nutrients over time in the cultivars differed. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(2):87-100
Abstract Stilbenes are secondary metabolites of a class of non-flavanoid phenolics found in certain species of Vitis. This class of compounds includes resveratrol and a resveratrol glucoside called piceid that exists in trans and cis forms. This study was undertaken to determine the cis and trans forms of both resveratrol and piceid in the skin, pulp, seeds, and juice of nine cultivars of muscadine grapes and three cultivars of Vitis labruscana. Juice samples of the muscadine cultivars ‘Fry’, ‘Hunt’, ‘Magnolia’, ‘Watergate’, ‘Carlos’, ‘Noble’, and ‘Sweet Jenny’, and the V. labruscana cultivars ‘Albermarle’, ‘Miss Blanc’, ‘MidSouth’ and ‘Miss Blue’ were harvested at the full ripe stage and divided into two sub-samples. One subsample was used to extract juice and the other was divided into skins, pulp, and seeds. Sample analysis was performed using HPLC with a UV detector. Sample chromatagrams were compared with those of known standards for quantification. ‘Carlos’ and ‘Magnolia’ had the greatest total stilbene concentration in skin tissue and had bronze skin containing higher concentrations of total stilbenes than any of the black-skinned cultivars tested. Only one bronze skin cultivar, ‘Sweet Jenny’, had lower stilbenes than the dark skin cultivars. Piceid, cis piceid and resveratrol were found in the skins of all cultivars. ‘Carlos’ ‘Magnolia’, ‘Fry’ and ‘Albermarle’ muscadines contained cis resveratrol in the skins of the fruit. ‘Watergate’ was the only cultivar in which resveratrol was detected in seed tissue. ‘Sweet Jenny’ had the highest levels of cis piceid in seed tissue. ‘Albermarle’, ‘Carlos’ and ‘Sweet Jenny’ had significantly greater levels of cis picied in pulp tissue than all other cultivars. 相似文献
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In tomato production, salt stress is applied to improve the fruit quality. The change in sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions in salt-stressed tomato fruits have been extensively studied; however, little is known about their interaction with each other. Correlation network analysis provides a visual representation of biological systems and useful knowledge for metabolic data analysis of tomato fruits. The aim of this study is to identify the cultivar differences in sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions of tomato fruits grown under salt stress and to elucidate their interaction among different cultivars using correlation network analysis. Salt stress was applied by adding 100 mM NaCl to the nutrient solution. Fruits were harvested at red-ripe stage and used for the evaluation of sensory attributes such as sweetness, sourness, umami, and tomato like, and organoleptic compositions such as sugar, organic acid, amino acid, and sodium ion contents. Almost all of the sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions of the fruit were significantly high in salt-stressed cultivars compared to non-stressed cultivars, and significant differences were also observed among cultivars. The correlation network analysis of the control fruit showed that compared to other traits, sugar is one of the key traits for improvement of tomato fruit quality based on high connectivity and betweenness centrality. In contrast, a high degree of positive connectivity was not observed between organoleptic compositions and sensory attributes in the salt-stressed fruit network. These results indicate that the relationship between sensory attributes and organoleptic compositions in fruits were different between the control and salt-stressed cultivars, suggesting that the salt-stressed fruit may have a different circuit of relationship compared to control. Furthermore, based on the increase ratio (salt stress/control) network results, we suggest that the increased sugar, organic acid, and amino acid contents may have contributed to the salt stress-induced enhancement of sensory attributes. 相似文献
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The effects of cold-treating young cauliflower plants (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) of the cultivars ‘Lero’, ‘Lawyna’, ‘Novo’ and ‘Janavon’, on gibberellin activity and the spreads of curd initiation and maturity are described and discussed in relation to other similar work.Exposure of plants to 0°C for 15 days increased gibberellin activity in the apices of ‘Lero’ and ‘Lawyna’ plants. The spreads of curd initiation and maturity of ‘Lawyna’ were significantly reduced by cold-treatment at 0°C, but ‘Lero’ was not affected, possibly because plants had initiated too many leaves and were thus beyond the stage receptive to low-temperature treatment. This treatment had no effect on gibberellin activity nor on the spreads of curd initiation and maturity of ‘Novo’ or ‘Janavon’, probably because plants had not reached the sensitive stage when cold-treated.It is postulated that the phase of growth during which the curd-initiation period can be shortened by cold treatment is specific for each cultivar, and other data were used to confirm this. It seems likely that the receptive phase occurs at higher leaf-numbers with cultivars which take longer to initiate curds. 相似文献