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为揭示云南文山州辣椒成熟期果色多样性和独特性的化学基础,用分光光度法研究了该州辣椒成熟期紫色、红色、金色和杂色果实的叶绿素(chlorophylls,Chls)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和总花色苷含量。结果表明:文山辣椒成熟期不同颜色果实的叶绿素a(Chl a)和总叶绿素[Chl(a+b)]含量和叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)及总叶绿素/类胡萝卜素[Chl(a+b)/Car]特征均为紫色杂色红色金色,叶绿素b(Chl b)含量特征为紫色杂色金色红色,Car含量特征为金色红色杂色紫色,总花色苷含量(TAC)特征为紫色红色金色杂色,此外,4种颜色果实Chl a、Chl b和Chl(a+b)含量间的差异均达到极显著水平,但Car含量和TAC间的差异则均未达到显著水平。因此,文山辣椒成熟期果实颜色差异主要决定于Chl含量,叶绿素和花色苷共同贡献于果实的紫色,Car含量则决定了果实的金色和红色。本研究可为文山州辣椒果色呈现机理的研究和新奇果色品种的选育提供参考。 相似文献
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玉米叶片光合生理与抗旱性关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水分胁迫条件下,对玉米叶片净光舍速率、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的变化进行了研究.结果表明:玉米叶片净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素含量(Chl)、叶绿素a/b比值(Chl a/b)、最大荧光(Fm)和PsⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)比对照均有所下降,基础荧光(Fo)增加;Pn和Ctd a/b比值占对照百分率与品种抗旱性呈极显著正相关(r=0.8807**,P<0.01;r=0.8804**,P<0.01),Fo占对照百分率与品种抗旱性则呈显著负相关(r=-0.764 0*,P<0.05),Fm和Fv/Fm占对照百分率与品种抗旱性则呈显著正相关(r=0.711 6*,P<0.05;r=0.772 3*,P<0.05).因此,净光合速率、叶绿素a/b比值、Fo、Fin和Fv/,m可以用来评定不同玉米品种的抗旱性. 相似文献
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水稻叶绿素含量及其与光合速率关系的研究 总被引：116，自引：0，他引：116
水稻不同品种的叶绿素(a+b)含量及叶绿素 a/b 比值是不同的。叶绿素(a+b)含量生育初期较少,然后逐渐增多,到生育后期则下降。水稻各品种由苗期至乳熟期叶绿素(a+b)含量的变异系数为12～20%,而叶绿素 a/b比值的变异系数只有4～8%。剑叶的叶绿素 a/b 比值最大,越是下位叶越低。叶绿素(a+b)含量与净光合速率呈显著的正相关,其相 相似文献
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通过对沙培的4.5叶龄水稻幼苗进行5个浓度的Na2CO3+NaHCO3碱胁迫处理,胁迫20d后,调查顶端叶片相对含水量、叶绿素、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量。结果表明,随碱浓度增加叶片相对含水量先升后降;叶绿素a、b含量及叶绿素a/b为下降趋势;脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量先降后升;可溶性糖与脯氨酸含量二者具有显著相关性。碱胁迫后,对叶绿素a含量的影响较大,叶绿素b含量相对稳定;水稻通过可溶性糖含量的变化调节顶端叶片含水量及脯氨酸含量,以提高自身的抗逆性和保持新生叶片的活性。 相似文献
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花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
于2004—2005在江苏南京农业大学卫岗试验站进行盆栽试验, 设置干旱与对照2个土壤水分处理, 每个处理再设置3个氮素水平, 研究了花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光参数的影响, 以期为棉花花铃期干旱时的合理氮肥运筹提供理论依据。结果表明, 与对照相比, 干旱处理显著降低了棉株凌晨叶水势、土壤相对含水量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与胞间CO2浓度(Ci), 但提高了叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)及类胡萝卜素(Car)的含量。干旱处理下, Pn、Gs、Ci、Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b及Car均以240 kg hm-2氮素水平最高。干旱胁迫下叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)明显升高, 且随氮素水平的提高而增大; 而最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统II(PS II)量子产量(ΦPS II)、电子传递速率(ETR)与光化学猝灭系数(qP)均显著降低, 干旱胁迫亦增大了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)。干旱胁迫下Fv/Fm、ΦPS II、ETR与qP均以240 kg hm-2氮素水平最高。干旱胁迫显著降低叶片蒸腾速率(Tr), 导致叶温升高, 增施氮肥进一步增大了叶温。干旱胁迫降低了棉株各器官干物质重, 而施氮则增大水分胁迫指数。综合分析认为, 过量施氮或施氮不足均不利于提高棉花叶片光合性能。两年试验结果表明, 在本试验设置的3个氮素水平中, 花铃期干旱胁迫下以240 kg hm-2纯氮, 且基施50%, 初花期追施50%较适宜。 相似文献
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研究旨在阐明‘文紫椒1号’果实在不同发育阶段的色素比例和组织定位,为丘北辣椒在观赏园艺中的应用和观赏型新奇果色新品种的选育提供参考。以种植于云南文山州砚山县的‘文紫椒1号’果实为试材,将果实分为5个发育阶段,用分光光度法检测了果实的叶绿素含量([Chl])、类胡萝卜素含量([Car])、总黄酮类含量(TFC)、总花色苷含量(TAC)和辣椒红素含量([Cap]),并分析其配比和相关性,同时用徒手切片法检测了色素的组织定位。结果表明,在发育过程中,‘文紫椒1号’果实[Chla]/[Chlb]的最大值出现在发育阶段3,[Chl(a+b)]/[Car]、[Chl(a+b)]/TFC和[Chl(a+b)]/TAC的最大值均出现在阶段2,而[Chl(a+b)]/[Cap]、TFC/TAC、TFC/[Cap]和TAC/[Cap]的最大值均出现在阶段1。[Chla]、[Chlb]、[Chl(a+b)]、[Car]、TFC、TAC和[Cap]之间的相关性不尽一致,其中,TAC与[Chl(a+b)]、TFC之间均呈不显著正相关,而与[Car]之间呈不显著负相关,[Cap]则与[Chl(a+b)]、[Car]、TFC和TAC之间分别呈显著负相关、极显著正相关、不显著正相关和不显著负相关。果实色素主要定位在中果皮细胞中,细胞的色相和色度变化趋势与果色的高度一致。所以,‘文紫椒1号’的果色源于各发育阶段果皮细胞中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素（含辣椒红素）和黄酮类（含花色苷）色素的比例差异。 相似文献
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光氮互作对番茄光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过盆栽试验研究了不同光照强度、氮肥用量对番茄光合特性的影响。结果表明,光氮互作对番茄光合特性影响显著,以光强70%、施N240kg/hm2处理的番茄净光合速率、气孔导度最高,胞间CO2浓度最低。随施氮量的增加,番茄叶片叶绿素a(Chl a)和叶绿素b(Chl b)含量增加,增加到一定水平后下降,100%、70%自然光处理在240kg/hm2施氮量下达到最高,50%、30%自然光处理以120kg/hm2施氮量最高;遮光处理使Chl a和Chl b含量增加。增施氮肥、遮光处理使番茄Chl a/Chl b降低。综合番茄光合特性的测定结果,100%、70%自然光处理以240kg/hm2施氮量较为适宜,50%、30%自然光处理以120kg/hm2施氮量较为适宜。 相似文献
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为揭示洒金柏叶色变化生理机制,以期为常色叶园林植物品种选育和推广提供参考依据,以侧柏变种洒金柏优良单株为试材,研究了枝条顶部黄叶和基部绿叶在生长期的叶色动态变化、色素含量及光合作用响应特征。结果表明：3—10月期间,洒金柏黄叶颜色呈现黄—绿—黄的动态变化过程,夏季出现一定程度的返绿现象。相同月份黄叶叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均显著低于绿叶,类胡萝卜素与总叶绿素(Car/Chl)含量比值高于绿叶。2种叶片Chl含量呈先升高后降低趋势,Car含量先降低、随后变化平缓、最后急剧上升。另外,黄叶的光饱和点低于绿叶,相同光强下,黄叶的净光合速率(Pn)显著低于绿叶;光合指标随时间基本呈先上升后降低趋势,3—8月黄叶的Pn显著低于绿叶。而且,光合指标与Chl含量呈显著正相关性,与Car/Chl含量比值呈显著负相关性。综合分析得出洒金柏叶片呈现黄色可能是Car/Chl含量比值较绿叶高导致。 相似文献
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水稻籽粒大小是一个复杂的农艺性状,受多基因控制。染色体片段代换系是创造自然变异的有效手段,也是复杂性状研究的理想材料。本研究构建了一个新的水稻长大粒染色体片段代换系Z66, Z66以日本晴的基因组为遗传背景,含有来自R225的12个代换片段,平均代换长度为3.32Mb。然后,以日本晴/Z66创建的次级F2群体定位出12个控制水稻籽粒大小的QTL,并培育出具有目标QTL的5个新单片段代换系(S1～S5)和4个新双片段代换系(D1～D4)。其中有9个QTL(qGL3、qGL7、qGL10、qGW6、qGW10、qRLW3、qRLW10、qGWT3、qGWT10)可被单片段代换系所验证,表明这些QTL遗传稳定。此外,还利用单片段代换系鉴定到6个新的QTL(qGL9-2、qGW9-2、qRLW6、qRLW7、qRLW9-2、qGWT7)。在这18个QTL中,qGL9-2、qRLW9-1、qRLW9-2、qGW9-2、qGWT9-2可能是新鉴定的QTL。双基因聚合分析表明,不同QTL间聚合产生不同的上位性效应。如qRLW3(a=0.21)和qRLW9-2(a=0.08)聚合... 相似文献
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水稻光合作用及相关生理性状的QTL分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了探讨光合作用及相关生理性状的遗传规律，利用由籼稻品种IR24 和粳稻品种Asominori杂交衍生的65个染色体片段置换系（Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines, CSSL）为材料，研究了水稻光合作用及相关生理性状的QTL。在水稻抽穗后7 d测定叶片光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Gs）、气孔导度（Tr）、细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）、叶绿素含量（CHL）、全氮含量（TLN）。共检测到10个QTLs，分布于第1、3、4、5、7、8和10染色体上，LOD值在2.77~8.42之间，贡献率为9.5%~46.5%。其中仅有控制气孔导度的qGs-8 与控制叶绿素含量的qCHL-8以及第10染色体上控制气孔导度的qGs-10与控制细胞间隙CO2浓度的qCi-10位置相同，分别位于第8染色体上标记R727和第10染色体上标记C1166附近。其他QTL在染色体上的位置不同，暗示了水稻光合功能遗传规律的复杂性。 相似文献
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Kiyosumi Hori Tomomori Kataoka Kiyoyuki Miura Masayuki Yamaguchi Norikuni Saka Takahiro Nakahara Yoshihiro Sunohara Kaworu Ebana Masahiro Yano 《Breeding Science》2012,62(3):223-234
To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the primary target traits for selection in practical rice breeding programs, backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from crosses between temperate japonica rice cultivars Nipponbare and Koshihikari were evaluated for 50 agronomic traits at six experimental fields located throughout Japan. Thirty-three of the 50 traits were significantly correlated with heading date. Using a linkage map including 647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 122 QTLs for 38 traits were mapped on all rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5 and 9. Fifty-eight of the 122 QTLs were detected near the heading date QTLs Hd16 and Hd17 and the remaining 64 QTLs were found in other chromosome regions. QTL analysis of 51 BILs having homozygous for the Koshihikari chromosome segments around Hd16 and Hd17 allowed us to detect 40 QTLs associated with 27 traits; 23 of these QTLs had not been detected in the original analysis. Among the 97 QTLs for the 30 traits measured in multiple environments, the genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for 44 QTLs and not significant for 53 QTLs. These results led us to propose a new selection strategy to improve agronomic performance in temperate japonica rice cultivars. 相似文献
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用(培矮64s/Nipponbare)F2群体对水稻产量构成性状的QTL定位分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用水稻测序品种培矮64s和Nipponbare为亲本构建的含137个SSRs标记的连锁遗传图谱和(培矮64s/Nipponbare)F2群体的180个单株,对水稻的单株有效穗数、穗粒数、穗实粒数、结实率、穗着粒密度、千粒重等6个产量构成性状进行了QTL定位分析.共检测到6个性状的22个QTLs,分布在第1、2、4、5、6、9、10、11、12等9条染色体的14个区域,表型贡献率5.0%～19.3%;相关性较强的性状之间具有较多共同或紧密连锁的QTLs;集中分布的QTLs之间既有同向连锁,也有反向连锁.对不同水稻群体定位的同源QTL进行了比较,对QTL在染色体上的集中分布,以及用QTL定位结果和生物信息学方法相结合预测基因的功能等进行了探讨. 相似文献
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Shenkui Shi Farooq I. Azam Huihui Li Xiaoping Chang Baoyun Li Ruilian Jing 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):246
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is directly proportional to physio-morphological traits. A high-density genetic map consisting of 2575 markers was used for mapping QTL controlling stay-green and agronomic traits in wheat grown under four diverse water regimes. A total of 108 additive QTL were identified in target traits. Among them, 28 QTL for chlorophyll content (CC) were detected on 11 chromosomes, 43 for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on all chromosomes except 5B, 5D, and 7D, five for spikes per plant (NSP) on different chromosomes, nine for plant height (PH) on four chromosomes, and 23 for thousand-kernel weight (TKW) on 11 chromosomes. Considering all traits, the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranged from 3.61 to 41.62%. A major QTL, QNDVI.cgb-5A.7, for NDVI with a maximum PVE of 20.21%, was located on chromosome 5A. A stable and major PH QTL was observed on chromosome 4D with a PVE close to 40%. Most distances between QTL and corresponding flanking markers were less than 1 cM, and approximately one-third of the QTL coincided with markers. Each of 16 QTL clusters on 10 chromosomes controlled more than one trait and therefore could be regarded as pleiotropic regions in response to different water regimes. Forty-one epistatic QTL were identified for all traits having PVE of 6.00 to 25.07%. Validated QTL closely linked to flanking markers will be beneficial for marker-assisted selection in improving drought-tolerance in wheat. 相似文献
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粳稻叶绿素含量QTL与其合成降解相关基因的比较分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为剖析水稻叶绿素不同时期的表达规律及后期持绿的遗传机制,以沈农265和丽江新团黑谷的粳-粳交重组自交系为材料,对水稻分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期的叶绿素含量以及生育后期的持绿能力进行QTL定位分析。检测到5个控制分蘖期叶绿素含量的QTL、7个控制水稻抽穗期叶绿素含量的QTL和10个控制成熟期叶绿素含量的QTL,分布在除第5染色体以外的11条染色体上。比较它们与编码叶绿素合成及降解过程中的重要酶的基因发现,虽然生育前期检测到的QTL较少,但对应的叶绿素合成降解相关基因却较多。随生育期的推移,检测到的QTL数目增多,但对应的叶绿素合成降解相关基因却减少。暗示生育前期大多数叶绿素合成(降解)相关基因表达的水平差异不大,后期控制叶绿素合成降解的个别关键基因表达水平增加。并以此为基础提出了叶片生育后期持绿的两种可能遗传基础。 相似文献
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水稻灌浆期不同阶段叶绿素含量的QTL分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究以典型籼粳交(春江06/台中本地1号)的F1代花培加倍的DH群体为材料, 系统考察了DH群体及其双亲在4个灌浆期不同阶段顶三叶的叶绿素含量, 通过QTL作图分析, 共检测到7个与叶绿素含量相关的QTL, 分别分布在第4、6和8染色体上。其中, 倒3叶的QTL主要在灌浆早期表达, 到灌浆后期则逐渐被倒2叶和剑叶所代替。在灌浆的前2个阶段检测到的4个QTL的总贡献率较大, 表明在灌浆前期叶绿素含量较高; 而在第3个阶段检测到了3个QTL, 在第4个阶段则只检测2个QTL, 贡献率均小于初期的总贡献率, 表明随着灌浆的进程, 叶绿素含量逐渐减少。其中qCHL2、qCHL4-1、qCHL4-2、qCHL8-1和qCHL8-2主要是在灌浆中前期对叶绿素含量起作用。而qCHL6-1和qCHL6-2两个QTL分别在后期的剑叶检测到, 表明与剑叶“持绿”特性或抗衰老关系密切。 相似文献
17.
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to map QTLs for yield, maturity, and fiber quality traits of cotton interspecific hybrid populations and to mine favorable alleles from the cotton genome for QTL fine mapping, gene cloning, and molecular marker-assisted selection. [Method] Four BC1F1 populations, E(E3), E(3E), (E3)E, and (3E)E, were developed by crossing sea island cotton 3-79 ("3") and upland cotton 'Emian 22' ("E"), and with "Emian 22" as the recurrent parent. BC1F2 populations derived from BC1F1 populations were phenotyped to allow mapping of QTLs for yield-, maturity-, and fiber quality-related traits on chromosomes showing segregation distortion. [Result] A normal distribution test indicated that six fiber quality-related traits, except for the micronaire value in E (E3) and the short fiber ratio in all populations, followed a normal distribution pattern; in contrast, earliness-related traits were not normally distributed in all populations, which suggests that genotype-environment interactions have strong effects on maturity-related traits. Using composite interval mapping, 47 QTLs were detected on three chromosomes (2, 16, and 18): 15 in (E3)E, 13 in (3E)E, 12 in E(E3), and 7 in E(3E), with the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 8.8%–30.9%. A total of 27 fiber-related QTLs were discovered, with the PVE ranging from 9.0%–30.9%. Five yield-related QTLs (PVE = 8.8%–17.4%) and 13 maturity-related QTLs (PVE = 9.4%–19.4%) were also identified. [Conclusion] Comparison analysis showed that most QTLs in our study were consistent with the MetaQTL, including QTLs for boll weight, fiber length, fiber length uniformity, lint percentage, and micronaire value on chromosome 2; QTLs for fiber length, fiber strength, and fiber length uniformity on chromosome 16; and QTLs for boll weight, date of boll opening, fiber length, fiber strength, fiber length uniformity, and micronaire value on chromosome 18. Several detected QTLs in our study were not found in the MetaQTL, such as QTLs for date of boll opening and lint percentage on chromosome 16 and a QTL for the date from seedling to flowering stages on chromosome 18. These newly identified QTLs may provide novel insights for cotton QTL analysis. 相似文献
18.
Identification of QTLs controlling quantitative characters in rice using RFLP markers 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Summary Segregation of plant height (PH), tiller number (TN), panicle number (PN), average panicle length per plant (PL), average primary branch number per panicle per plant (PBN) and 1000 grain weight (1000G) were specific in an F2 population derived from a cross of Palawan, a tall Javanica variety, and IR42, an Indica semidwarf variety. One hundred and four informative RFLP markers covering all 12 chromosomes were used for detecting putative QTLs controlling the traits. Orthogonal contrasts and interval mapping analysis were used for the analysis. QTL detected for PH on the region of chromosome 1, where semidwarfing gene sd-1 locus is located, seems to be a multiple allelic locus. An additional QTL for PH was identified on chromosome 2. Two QTLs for TN were detected on chromosomes 4 and 12. The QTL on chromosome 4 seemed also to govern the variation in PN. Four QTLs were found for the other traits, two of them for PL were located on chromosomes 6 and 2, one for PBN on chromosome 6 and the other for 1000G on chromosome 1. Additive gene actions were found to be predominant, except one QTL for PH and one QTL for PL, but partial or incomplete dominance also existed for the QTLs detected. 相似文献
19.
Yong Xue Jianmin Wan Ling Jiang Chunming Wang Linglong Liu Yuan-ming Zhang Huqu Zhai 《Euphytica》2006,150(1-2):37-45
Summary Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for Al tolerance was performed in rice using a mapping population of 98 BC1F10 lines (backcross inbred lines: BILs), derived from a cross of Al-tolerant cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) and Al-sensitive cultivar (cv. Kasalath). Three characters related to Al tolerance, including root elongation under non-stress conditions (CRE), root elongation under Al stress (SRE) and the relative root elongation (RRE) under Al stress versus non-stress conditions, were evaluated for the BILs and the parents at seedling stage. A total of seven QTLs for the three traits were identified. Among them, three putative QTLs for CRE (qCRE-6, qCRE-8 and qCRE-9) were mapped on chromosomes 6, 8 and 9, respectively. One QTL for SRE (qSRE-4) was identified on chromosome 4. Three QTLs (qRRE-5, qRRE-9 and qRRE-10) for RRE were detected on chromosomes 5, 9, 10 and accounted for 9.7–11.8% of total phenotypic variation. Interestingly, the QTL qRRE-5 appears to be syntenic with the genomic region carrying a major Al tolerance gene on chromosome 6 of maize. Another QTL, qRRE-9, appears to be similar among different rice populations, while qRRE-10 is unique in the BIL population. The common QTLs for CRE and RRE indicate that candidate genes conferring Al tolerance in the rice chromosome 9 may be associated with root growth rates. The existence of QTLs for Al tolerance was confirmed in substitution lines for corresponding chromosomal segments. These results also provide the possibilities of enhancing Al tolerance in rice through using marker-assisted selection (MAS) and pyramiding QTLs. 相似文献
20.
蛋白质和油分含量是大豆重要的育种目标,蛋白质和油分含量QTL定位和优异等位变异的发掘对大豆分子设计育种具有重要意义。本研究以(垦丰14×垦丰15)×(黑农48×垦丰19)衍生的后代株系为材料,构建含有204个株系的大豆四向重组自交系群体,利用区间作图法,应用前期构建的SSR遗传图谱,对2013、2014和2015年在哈尔滨和克山2地共8个环境下的蛋白质和油分含量进行QTL定位分析。结果表明,8个环境中检测到29个蛋白质含量QTL和39个油分含量QTL。在所定位的蛋白质含量QTL中,有5个能够在2个以上环境被定位到,这些蛋白质含量QTL分布在 A1、D2、J、N和O等6个连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为 7.65%~20.08%,其中qPC-A1-1、qPC-D2-1、qPC-J-1和qPC-O-2的贡献率在10%以上。在39个油分含量QTL中,有10个在多环境下被重复检测到,这些QTL分布在8个(A1、A2、B1、D1b、G、I、J、N)连锁群上,对表型效应的贡献率为7.30%~25.68%,其中qOC-A2-1、qOC-B1-1、qOC-G-1和qOC-J-1的贡献率在10%以上。 相似文献