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Edisson Chavarro-Mesa Paulo Ceresini Danilo Pereira Samara Vicentini Tatiane Silva Lina Ramos-Molina Matheus Negrisoli Daniel Schurt José R. Vieira Júnior 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):455-466
Leaf blight, sheath blight, and web blight are major diseases caused by Rhizoctonia species on both Fabaceae and Poaceae plant hosts in the Brazilian Amazon agroecosystem. To determine the diversity of Rhizoctonia species associated with foliar diseases on fabaceous (cowpea and soybean) and poaceous (rice and signal grass [Urochloa brizantha]) hosts, a broad survey was conducted in Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Mato Grosso, in the Amazon, from 2012 to 2013. We extended our survey to Cerrado areas of Mato Grosso, and the lowlands of Paraíba Valley, in São Paulo, where these Rhizoctonia foliar diseases have not been reported so far. Our findings revealed that these diseases are caused by a diversity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 complex. We detected that R. solani AG-1 IA (sexual phase Thanatephorus cucumeris) was the predominant pathogen associated with signal grass leaf blight and collar rot diseases in the Amazon, especially in Rondônia and northern Mato Grosso. In addition, a subgroup of R. solani (AG-1 IF), not previously reported in Brazil, was associated with leaf blight on cowpea and soybean, in Roraima. Another subgroup (AG-1 ID) was also detected in Roraima. In Mato Grosso Cerrados we did not find any of the major Rhizoctonia foliar pathogens. Instead, R. oryzae (Waitea circinata) was the predominant species associated with a collar rot on U. brizantha. In the lowlands of São Paulo, R. oryzae-sativae (Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae) was the predominant pathogen detected causing the rice sheath spot disease. 相似文献
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水稻纹枯病是由死体营养型真菌立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA亚群引起的一种土传病害,在世界水稻种植区均有发生,是限制水稻高产的主要病害之一。虽然国内外学者针对纹枯病菌已开展了大量的研究工作,但由于该菌寄主范围较广、抗性水稻资源缺乏及其田间抗性鉴定的不稳定性等问题,该病害的研究仍没有取得突破性进展。挖掘自然界中存在的纹枯病抗源材料,选育抗病水稻品种是防控该病害、降低水稻产量损失,从而最大限度保障全球水稻产业可持续发展的有效手段。该文对近年来国内外关于水稻纹枯病菌与寄主的互作分子机制、抗性水稻基因资源挖掘及其抗性机制的最新研究进展进行综述,并提出下一步的重点研究方向,以期为推动水稻对纹枯病的抗性机制解析及抗纹枯病水稻育种提供参考。 相似文献
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Helena Olczak-Woltman Małgorzata Schollenberger Wiesław Mądry Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(3):385-393
Increased occurrence of cucumber angular leaf spot, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, has caused significant losses in cucumber, Cucumis sativus, yield in Poland in recent years. These losses necessitated evaluation of the level of resistance in cucumber cultivars of
mainly Polish breeding, cultivated in Eastern Europe, and initiation of a breeding programme for resistance to this disease.
Screening for resistance was performed on 84 cucumber accessions under growth chamber conditions using a highly aggressive
strain of P. syringae pv. lachrymans. Most of the screened accessions were either susceptible or displayed intermediate resistance. The screening resulted in
the identification of five F1 hybrid cultivars moderately resistant to angular leaf spot. The identified F1 hybrids were self-pollinated up to the F4 generation. Individuals resistant to angular leaf spot were identified. These individuals can be used as a source of resistance
to angular leaf spot in future breeding efforts. 相似文献
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B. N. Mahto S. Gurung Tika B. Adhikari 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,131(2):249-260
Fungal leaf spot diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Nepal cause significant yield reduction. Although field testing has identified a few partially resistant cultivars,
most wheat grown in Nepal lacks adequate resistance to leaf spot diseases. During 2009–2010, 116 local and commercial spring
wheat cultivars and advanced breeding lines were selected from multi-year field experiments in Nepal and evaluated for seedling
resistance to three leaf spot diseases: spot blotch, Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) and tan spot races 1 and 5 (two of the most prevalent races) in the growth chambers at North Dakota State University,
Fargo, ND, USA. The wheat cultivars and lines were artificially inoculated with individual pathogens or races at the two-leaf
stage and disease reactions were evaluated 6 to 10 days after inoculation (DAI). Results indicated that 30%, 31%, 19% and
10% of the tested wheat cultivars and lines were resistant to spot blotch, SNB, tan spot races 1 and 5, respectively. Six
advanced breeding lines (SW89-5422, BL 2127 = DANIAL88/HLB30//NL297, BL 3033, FILIN/IRENA/5/CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI-2/3/AE. SQUA
(TAUS)/4WEAVER, GAN/AE.SQUARROSA (236)//DOY1/AE.SQUARROSA(447)/3/MAIZ/4/INQALAB91, Mayoor//TK SN1081/Ae. Squarrosa (222)/3/FCT,
were resistant to spot blotch, SNB and tan spot race 1. Similarly, two wheat cultivars Chirya 3 and Chirya 7 were resistant
to spot blotch, and tan spot races 1 and 5. The resistant wheat lines identified in this study represent potentially useful
and untapped sources of resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases and should be utilized in wheat breeding programs in Nepal
in order to develop wheat cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance. 相似文献
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Vavilov wheat accessions provide useful sources of resistance to tan spot (syn. yellow spot) of wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. G. Dinglasan I. D. Godwin H. T. T. Phan K.‐C. Tan G. J. Platz L. T. Hickey 《Plant pathology》2018,67(5):1076-1087
Host genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable means of managing tan spot or yellow spot of wheat. The disease is becoming increasingly problematic due to the adoption of minimum tillage practices, evolution of effector‐mediated pathogenicity, and widespread cultivation of susceptible cultivars from a narrow genetic base. This highlights the importance of broadening the diversity of resistance factors in modern breeding germplasm. This study explored 300 genetically diverse wheat accessions, originally sourced from the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St Petersburg, Russia. The collection was screened for resistance to tan spot at seedling and adult stage under controlled conditions, and in the field across 2 years. The phenotypic datasets, coupled with ToxA bioassay screening, identified a number of accessions with useful sources of resistance. Seedling disease response corresponded well with ToxA sensitivity (r = 0.49, P < 0.000), but not adult responses (r = ?0.02 to ?0.19, P < 0.002), and overall reactions to ToxA appeared to show poor correspondence with disease response at the adult stage. ToxA‐insensitive accessions were generally found resistant across different growth stages (all‐stage resistance, ASR) in all experiments (seedling and adult stage under controlled conditions and field). ToxA‐sensitive accessions that were susceptible at seedling stage, but resistant at both adult‐plant stages, were deemed to carry adult‐plant resistance (APR). This study provides detailed information on the degree of tan spot resistance in the Vavilov wheat collection and discusses strategies to harness these sources to boost the diversity of resistance factors in modern wheat breeding germplasm. 相似文献
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In Europe and North America, deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin associated with wheat head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum. Because DON is toxic to plants and enhances the ability of the pathogen to spread within a spike, wheat lines with resistance to DON should be more resistant to head blight. Resistance to DON has been associated with resistance gene Fhb1 that confers resistance to spread within a spike. The objectives of this study were to determine if wheat lines resistant to head blight were also resistant to DON, if genes other than Fhb1 confer resistance to DON, and to identify lines able to fill grain in the presence of DON. Susceptible controls and diverse North American and European winter wheat lines with resistance to head blight were screened for molecular markers linked to known head blight resistance genes, and evaluated in a greenhouse for resistance to DON and relative yield after application of DON to spikes at flowering. Fhb1 appeared to have the unique ability to confer resistance to DON, as measured by the number of DON‐bleached primary florets. However, this resistance did not protect plants from the phytotoxic effects of DON on kernel formation as measured by the relative yield of treated spikes. Furthermore, measuring the relative yield loss following DON application may be useful for identifying lines with tolerance to head blight. 相似文献
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Efficacy of Hypovirulent Binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. to Control Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Corn
Cecilia B PASCUAL Avelino D RAYMUNDO Mitsuro HYAKUMACHI 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):95-102
Water agar, artificially infested soil and leaf sheath inoculation methods were used to assess the suitable time of application,
varietal host response and persistence of Rhv7, a hypovirulent, binucleate Rhizoctonia collected from soil in the Philippines, to effectively control virulent Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA isolate RS35 on corn. With the water agar method, prior inoculation (2 to 3 days) with the biocontrol agent is essential
to achieve maximum control of the pathogen. Disease protection was increased from 23 to 70% as the pre-incubation time of
Rhv7 prior to the challenge inoculation with virulent isolate was lengthened from 0 to 3 days. Disease severity and incidence
of banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) on the three corn hybrids were also suppressed in artificially infested soil. In leaf
sheath inoculation, the suppressive ability of Rhv7 against BLSB on corn persisted during lesion expansion. This suppression
was expressed as slower disease progress in plants with Rhv7 than in plants without Rhv7. Early and timely brace root formation
that detached infected sheaths, also aided in reducing the number of diseased plants in Rhv7-treated plots at the final observation.
Mycelial growth activity of RS35 was reduced when corn plants were pre-inoculated with Rhv7 before challenge even if there
was no contact detected between Rhv7 and RS35, which suggests that Rhv7 protects corn against BLSB by induced resistance.
The hypovirulent, binucleate Rhizoctonia Rhv7 strain effectively controlled R. solani AG1-IA isolate RS-35 in corn.
Received 30 August 1990/ Accepted in revised form 25 October 1999 相似文献
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C. L. Shrestha I. Oña S. Muthukrishnan T. W. Mew 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(1):69-77
Various rice cultivars were selected and screened for their reaction to sheath blight in the greenhouse. Cluster analysis
of percent relative lesion height (% RLH) generated four groups of cultivars with a coefficient of similarity of 3.27. Chitinase
activities were detected 24 h after inoculation of moderately resistant cvs Betichikon, Dudruchi, Khatochalani, Padi Pulut
Malat, Kakua, IR72, Khakibinni. But in the susceptible cv. IR58, chitinase activity was detected only 36 h after inoculation.
Western blot analysis showed that class 1 and class 2 chitinases were induced following Rhizoctonia
solani infection of these cultivars. The % RLH and the number of infection cushions were negatively correlated with the level of
chitinase activity. Moderately resistant rice cultivars had higher levels of chitinase activity and lower disease severity
and numbers of infection cushions formed compared to IR58. 相似文献
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连续 2年以土壤接菌的方式对 45个玉米自交系进行田间纹枯病抗病性鉴定 ,同时对自交系R15和R0 9盆栽于玉米第 6叶鞘接种纹枯病菌进行抗病性比较。结果表明 :自交系间抗感性存在明显差异 ,抗感性在两年度间的表现也存在明显差异 ,但单个自交系在两年度的抗感性表现具有相对稳定性 ,自交系R15的抗性强于R0 9。 45份材料中没有发现对纹枯病菌表现免疫的自交系 ,其中 ,高抗材料占所鉴定总数的2.2% ,中抗占 17.8% ,中感占55.6% ,高感24.4%。依相对抗病性指数 ,从中选出最抗的和最感的自交系各 3个 ,以利于今后做玉米抗纹枯病基因的遗传分析 相似文献
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C. Lannou S. Savary 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(6):355-368
Spontaneous epidemics of rust, early leaf spot, late leaf spot, andRhizoctonia blight simultaneously developed in a groudnut plot. Geostatistical techniques were used to describe and compare the spatial patterns of epidemics.Rhizoctonia blight exhibited a strong aggregative structure, contrasting with leaf spots and rust. The latter disease developed a general epidemic, in combination with local intensification. A strong negative interaction between rust and early leaf spot, and a close correspondence between rust intensification andRhizoctonia blight development were indicated. 相似文献
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Alternaria solani causes diseases on foliage (early blight), basal stems of seedlings (collar rot), stems of adult plants (stem lesions), and
fruits (fruit rot) of tomato. Early blight is the most destructive of these diseases and hence receives considerable attention
in breeding. For over 60 years, breeding for early blight resistance has been practiced, but the development of cultivars
with high levels of resistance has been hampered by the lack of sources of strong resistance in the cultivated tomato and
by the quantitative expression and polygenic inheritance of the resistance. In some accessions of wild species, high levels
of early blight resistance have been found, but breeding lines still have unfavorable horticultural traits from the donor
parent. Recently, the first linkage maps with loci controlling early blight resistance have been developed based on interspecific
crosses. These maps may facilitate marker-assisted selection. This overview presents the current knowledge about the A. solani–tomato complex with respect to its biology, genetics, and breeding. 相似文献
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The interactions of four pathotypes of Diplocarpon rosae with 34 species and hybrids of Rosa were compared in an ongoing search for criteria of potential relevance to rose breeding. There were greater similarities in the resistance‐susceptibility interactions of these roses to the pathotypes DA1, CW1 and ZM1, than to a fourth pathotype, DA2. Among the species roses, only those of the section Cinnamomeae were susceptible to DA2 and this susceptibility was transmitted in several cases to hybrid progeny. CW1 had the greatest pathogenicity of the four pathotypes. In a cross between R. rugosa cv. Scabrosa, which was resistant and R. rugosa f. alba, which was susceptible to all pathotypes, the progeny were tested for resistance to pathotypes DA1, CW1 and ZM1. Each of the 20 progeny was susceptible to all three pathotypes. This shows that, unlike the well characterized Rdr1 gene for resistance to D. rosae, the resistance of R. rugosa cv. Scabrosa is not determined by a dominant major gene. The diploid hybrid, R. rugosa cv. Martin Frobisher × cv. Mistress Quickly, was resistant to all four pathotypes, but an induced tetraploid of this hybrid was susceptible to all pathotypes. The relevance of these findings to the breeding of roses for resistance to black spot disease is discussed. 相似文献
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大麦种质对叶斑病的抗性鉴定与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由麦根腐平脐蠕胞菌引起的叶斑病在世界各大麦种植区均有发生,严重影响大麦的产量和品质。选育和应用抗性品种是防控该病害最有效的策略,然而可利用的抗源非常有限。在本研究中对中国233份具有代表性的大麦种质资源进行成株期抗叶斑病田间人工接种鉴定,发现只有垦啤麦5号等10份材料对3个供试菌株都表现抗病,仅占供试材料的4.3%。另外对37份国内外重要的叶斑病抗源材料进行苗期及成株期抗叶斑病鉴定,结果显示成株期抗叶斑病材料所占比例为41%~46%,苗期抗性材料所占比例为50%~64%,其中ND17293等11份材料在苗期和成株期对3个菌株均表现为抗病,可作为抗源继续加以利用;基于上述鉴定结果,进一步分析发现供试大麦苗期对三个菌株的抗病比例均高于成株期抗病比例,说明大麦在不同生育期对叶斑病的抗性存在较大差异。另外发现大麦对B. sorokiniana不同致病类型的抗性也存在明显的专化性。 相似文献
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Hieu Sy Tran Ming Pei You Tanveer N. Khan Ian Pritchard Martin J. Barbetti 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(3):597-605
Black spot (also referred as Ascochyta blight, Ascochyta foot rot and black stem; Ascochyta leaf and pod spot) is a devastating disease of field pea (Pisum sativum) caused by one or more pathogenic fungi including Didymella pinodes, Ascochyta pisi, Phoma pinodella and P. koolunga. Development of resistant germplasm has been slow because of the low level of resistance found in the available germplasm, poor reliability of screening methods and the polygenic nature of inheritance. Field studies, undertaken to assess F8 and F9 derived lines for resistance against the black spot complex, confirmed that some lines developed in the Australian breeding program show improvement in resistance over commercial cultivars. Disease scores across test lines ranged from 5.33 to 7.82 (0–9 scale where 0?=?no disease symptoms, and 9?≥?90 % leaf area affected) and from 5.37 to 8 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In 2012, the eight most resistant lines had scores 5.33 to 6, with OZP1207 the most resistant line. In 2012, forty three lines were significantly more resistant (disease score?≤?6.67) than the susceptible standard, Helena (7.82), 14 lines were not significantly different to the most resistant commercial cultivar, Parafield (6.33), and 27 lines were significantly more resistant than PBA Percy (7.67). In 2013, WAPEA2211 was clearly the most resistant line (5.37) followed by a group of seven lines with slightly less resistance scored at 6. Use of these lines in breeding will further enhance resistance in commercial cultivars, particularly by inter-crossing among the more genetically diverse lines to accumulate minor genes for resistance. While there was no overall relationship between disease scores in 2012 and 2013 (R 2?=?0.029), presumably due to the highly variable pathogen composition of the black spot complex at the screening site and across seasons in Western Australia, a few lines, such as WAPEA2211, 04H349P-05HO2005, 06H109P-9 and 06H459P-1, showed significant resistance in both years, appear to have resistance to multiple pathogens in the black spot complex, and are of particular significance. 相似文献
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吡唑并嘧啶衍生物 ((E)-N-(2-氟-4-三氟甲基苯乙烯基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-胺,简称BDO-1) 和哒嗪酮衍生物 (4-羟基-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-氧代-1,6-二氢吡嗪-3-甲酸甲酯,简称PDZ-1) 是由华东理工大学创制并合成的新化合物,本研究分别测定了其离体抑菌活性及其诱导抗病活性,并对田间应用技术进行了研究。结果表明:离体抑菌试验结果显示,BDO-1和PDZ-1对供试黄瓜的尖孢镰孢菌和多主棒孢菌并无杀菌活性;温室盆栽试验发现,2个化合物对7种蔬菜病害具有明显的诱导抗病活性,其中:BDO-1在10 mg/L下对黄瓜细菌性角斑病、黄瓜棒孢叶斑病、黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜霜霉病、番茄早疫病、番茄灰叶斑和辣椒疫病的防治效果分别为58.81%、61.79%、69.88%、64.14%,54.42%、54.85%和63.59%;PDZ-1在10 mg/L下对黄瓜细菌性角斑病和黄瓜棒孢叶斑病的防治效果分别为62.33%和59.15%。田间防治效果验证结果表明,BDO-1和PDZ-1对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果分别为62.95 %和48.45%。研究发现,BDO-1和PDZ-1在质量浓度为10 mg/L、诱导5次、每次间隔5d的条件下施用,对黄瓜枯萎病和棒孢叶斑病可发挥最佳防治效果。 相似文献
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Chinthani S. Karandeni Dewage Aiming Qi Henrik U. Stotz Yong-Ju Huang Bruce D. L. Fitt 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2104-2114
Pyrenopeziza brassicae, cause of light leaf spot (LLS), is an important pathogen of oilseed rape and vegetable brassicas and has a wide geographic distribution. Exploitation of host resistance remains the most sustainable and economically viable solution for disease management. This study evaluated 18 oilseed rape cultivars or breeding lines for host resistance against P. brassicae in glasshouse experiments. Selected cultivars/lines were inoculated with eight single-spore isolates of the pathogen obtained from three different regions in England. Analysis of P. brassicae infection-related changes on host plants identified leaf deformation as a characteristic feature associated with P. brassicae infection, this showed poor correlation to LLS severity measured as the amount of pathogen sporulation on infected plants. Resistant host phenotypes were identified by limitation of P. brassicae sporulation, with or without the presence of a necrotic response (black flecking phenotype). Investigation of this pathosystem revealed significant differences between cultivars/lines, between isolates, and significant cultivar/line-by-isolate interactions. In total, 37 resistant and 16 moderately resistant interactions were identified from 144 cultivar/line-by-isolate interactions using statistical methods. Most of the resistant/moderately resistant interactions identified in this study appeared to be nonspecific towards the isolates tested. Our results suggested the presence of isolate-specific resistant interactions for some cultivars. Several sources of resistance have been identified that are valuable for oilseed rape breeding programmes. 相似文献
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Invertase Activities in Sheath-blight Infected Rice Selection Lines and Fungus Culture Filtrates 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Infection of rice plants with Rhizoctonia solani, the sheath blight fungus, at the flowering stage resulted in an increase in acid invertase activity. Activity of the invertase(s)
with optimum pH at 3.5 and 4.5 was higher in the susceptible plants compared to resistant plants. Healthy control plants had
no change in invertase activity. An invertase of fungal origin produced in sheath blight fungus culture filtrates had an optimum
acidic pH of 3.5. The increase in invertase activity observed in the later stages of infection in the susceptible plants compared
to the resistant plants demonstrated a relation to fungal growth. These results suggested that the fungus produced an invertase
for the hydrolysis of sucrose that resulted in alterations of source-sink relationships in the colonized cells. Thus, the
increased invertase activity in the susceptible plants regulated the ratio of hexose to sucrose. This observation is further
supported by the lack of a significant invertase increase in the resistant plants.
Received 14 July 1999/ Accepted in revised form 9 December 1999 相似文献