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乳仔猪阶段相比其他阶段更易发生肠道疾病，可能与机体铁营养状况有关。铁营养可能通过调控食糜菌群、屏障功能、绒毛发育和黏膜免疫进而影响肠道健康。由于新生仔猪机体铁储备不足、母乳铁含量较低、前期生长速度较快、一次性注射铁剂量较高等，在乳仔猪养殖中易出现阶段性缺铁或铁过量问题。因此，有必要重新审视乳仔猪铁营养调控对健康养殖的重要意义。本文根据有关乳仔猪铁营养研究报道并结合笔者应用试验，对“母仔一体化”补铁方案、新型铁源添加剂开发、铁吸收转运机制、补铁对肠道健康的影响四个方面进行综述，旨在为优化乳仔猪补铁方案提供参考。
[关键词]母仔一体化|有机铁|铁蛋白|吸收转运|肠道健康|乳仔猪 相似文献
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微量元素铁在猪生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铁是动物体内所必需的微量元素之一。常规饲料中的含铁量能够满足动物机体的需求,但畜牧业生产中使用的饲粮主要为植物性原料,其中所含的铁主要是非血红素铁。动物机体对非血红素铁的吸收容易受到植酸、铜、锌、日粮纤维以及单宁等抗营养因子的影响,导致动物对铁的利用率降低。近年来,生物基因工程技术在育种上得以广泛应用,使得动物的生长性能、繁殖性能等指标得到极大的改善,动物对饲粮中添加剂的营养功能要求也更加全面。文章主要对微量元素铁的营养代谢功能以及在猪生产中的应用进行简单介绍。 相似文献
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影响铁吸收利用因素研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文对动物体对铁的吸收利用的众多因素的影响进行了综述。近来的研究表明 ,动物的品种、年龄、机体铁贮和胃肠道环境影响对铁的吸收利用 ;动物所采食饲料的种类、铁含量以及饲料中所含的某些因子也影响动物对铁的吸收利用 ;动物对饲料中不同价态、不同存在形式铁的吸收利用有很大差别。 相似文献
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幼龄反刍动物瘤胃菌群研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瘤胃菌群与反刍动物机体具有紧密的共生关系,稳定的菌群结构对动物机体营养物质的消化、吸收及动物机体自身的健康具有重要的作用。调节瘤胃菌群的结构,可使机体代谢、免疫等机能发生改变。但幼龄反刍动物瘤胃菌群的构建呈现出复杂的变化过程,受到多种因素的影响,而随着反刍动物日龄的增加其瘤胃菌群会逐渐趋向于一个动态平衡的局面。本文旨在综述幼龄反刍动物瘤胃菌群构建过程中,母体、日粮及环境等对其的影响,为生产实践中幼龄反刍动物的饲养管理和瘤胃菌群的调控提供参考。 相似文献
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为探讨饲料中添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响,45只小鼠被随机分为3组,各组在基础日粮中分别添加0,40,80mg／kg砷（以洛克沙胂形式）,试验期30d。试验结束后,收取各组粪便和组织器官测定铁含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,40mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率提高14．57％,80mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率则降低了14．93％;40mg／kg砷组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠和腿肌铁含量显著升高（P〈O．05）,80mg／kg砷组则显著降低（P〈O．05）;但两组分别于停砷后5,7d,组织器官铁恢复正常水平。这表明40mg／kg砷水平可促进铁的吸收,相反80mg／kg砷水平则抑制铁的吸收。 相似文献
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Hammon HM Steinhoff-Wagner J Schönhusen U Metges CC Blum JW 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2012,43(2):171-185
Neonatal mammals need adaption to changes in nutrient supply because energy intake shifts from continuous parenteral supply of nutrients (mainly glucose, lactate, and amino acids) via the placenta to discontinuous colostrum and milk intake with lactose and fat as main energy sources. Besides ingested lactose, endogenous glucose production is essential in the neonate to assure sufficient glucose availability. Fetal endogenous glucose production is low, but endocrine changes (especially the prenatal rise of glucocorticoid production) promote maturation of metabolic pathways that enable marked glycogen synthesis before and enhanced gluconeogenesis after birth to establish an adequate glucose status during postnatal maturation. In preterm born farm animals gluconeogenic activity is low, mainly because of a low glucocorticoid and thyroid status. In full-term neonates, endogenous glucose production increases with age. Colostral bioactive components (such as growth factors, hormones, bioactive peptides, and cytokines) do not have a direct effect on endogenous glucose production. However, colostrum feeding stimulates intestinal growth and development, an effect at least in part mediated by bioactive substances. Increased nutrient and glucose absorption thus allows increased glucose supply and hepatic glycogen storage, which improves the glucose status. The improved energetic status of colostrum-fed neonates is reflected by an accelerated maturation of the somatotropic axis, leading especially to enhanced production of IGF-I in the neonate. Secretion and production of hormones involved in the regulation of glucose and fat metabolism in neonates depend on the developmental stage and the response to feeding. In addition, many such hormones have actions in the neonate that differ from adult animals. Endocrine action to support endogenous energy supply in neonates is probably not fully established, and therefore, needs postnatal maturation. Therefore, our knowledge on energy metabolism in the neonate needs to be extended to better understand the function and the failure and to assess endocrine responses during the neonatal period. 相似文献
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At birth, the development of hormonal and neural systems which control gut functions is not finished in pigs. However, it seems to be much more advanced than that in rodents. The relative immaturity is manifested by dynamic changes in the expression of gut regulatory peptides, tissue hormones and their receptors during the early postnatal period. The structure and function of the vagal nerves and enteric nervous system change dynamically as well. The development of neural system is manifested by changes in neuron density, morphology, and distribution of transmitters and modulators. However, little information on this topic is available, particularly in pigs. Recently, the relationship between the development of enteric nervous system and pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal was described. Colostrum and milk contain a large number of bioactive substances involving regulatory peptides, hormones and growth factors structurally identical to those produced endogenously. Thus colostrum and milk provide the neonate not only with energy but also with the means to control the development, in particular that of the gut as well as maturation of hormonal and neural systems controlling gut function. A number of newly discovered hormones, regulatory peptides and neurotransmitters such as leptin, ghrelin, orexin A and B, and other, will be discussed as well as regulation of gut mucosa function in terms of a balance between cell proliferation and programmed death (apoptosis and autophagy). 相似文献
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铁是人和动物机体生命活动必需的微量元素之一,它参与机体内血红蛋白、肌红蛋白以及多种氧化酶的合成与代谢,同时,与增强机体免疫力、提高动物繁殖力及生长发育各项指标等有着密切的联系。氨基酸螯合铁作为一种优质的有机铁源,因其吸收率高、生物学效价高、对环境污染小等优点而备受国内外研究者的关注。主要从氨基酸螯合铁在体内的吸收和代谢、生理功能以及在实践中的应用等方面进行阐述,以期为相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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G. A. J. Miltenburg Th. Wensing H. J. Breukink J. J. M. Marx 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(3):209-217
A method for studying iron absorption in humans was adapted to veal calves. Three 10-week-old calves with moderate (calves 1 and 2) or severe (calf 3) iron deficiency were given an abomasal injection of59Fe and51Cr and all their faeces were collected over 15 days in order to measure mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron. The mucosal uptake was 62.2, 53.4 and 71.8% in calves 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The iron retention measured 14 days after administration of the test dose was 57.4, 52.3 and 56.4% in calves 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Maximal plasma activity was found in all three calves between 1 1/2 and 2 h after injection of the test dose. The plasma activity decreased rapidly, with a slight increase between the 5th and the 10th hour. After 21 h, less than 0.25% of the injected dose was still present in 1 litre of plasma. Not all the51Cr was recovered in the faeces. No59Fe was found in the urine but some51Cr could be detected. The results of this study show that the method described is useful for measuring the different steps of iron absorption in iron-deficient veal calves.Abbreviations Hb
haemoglobin concentration
- MCV
mean corpuscular volume
- PCV
packed cell volume
- PI
plasma iron
- RBC
red blood cell count
- R
iron retention
- TIBC
total iron-binding capacity
- TIBC-SAT
saturation of the total iron-binding capacity
- U
mucosal uptake 相似文献