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益生菌对畜禽健康的影响及作用机制研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(6):117-117
益生菌是一种通过改善肠道菌群平衡而对动物机体进行调节的活性微生物。近年来,益生菌作为微生物饲料添加剂广泛运用于动物生产中。就益生菌对畜禽生产性能、畜产品品质等方面的影响及可能的作用机制进行了综述,旨在为其今后在畜牧生产上的科学应用提供参考。 相似文献
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益生菌在家禽生产中的研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
益生菌无毒、无害、无残留、无污染,具有维持动物消化道微生物区系平衡、增强畜禽的抗病能力、提高动物生产性能等优点,可以替代抗生素作为饲料添加剂服务于畜牧业.本文对益生菌在家禽生产中的作用机理以及对家禽生产性能、疾病防治等方面的研究现状进行了阐述,提出了益生菌的发展趋势及应用前景. 相似文献
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随着畜牧业的发展,饲料资源短缺、环境污染等问题日益突出,因此提高饲料资源的消化率成为加快畜牧业发展的关键性问题。研究表明,益生菌具有调节胃肠道微生物群落及其活动的能力,提高反刍动物的代谢水平和营养物质的利用率。益生菌在增强机体的免疫功能和抗病能力以及减少养殖过程中甲烷排放等方面发挥重要作用。本文综述了反刍动物饲粮中添加益生菌对瘤胃微生物及生产性能的积极影响,以期为益生菌在反刍动物健康养殖中应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2021,(11)
养鸡生产过程中抗生素促生长剂的使用造成药物残留和促使微生物耐药性产生,对人类健康造成严重威胁,进而引发了在畜禽养殖业中寻找抗生素可行替代品的探索,而直接饲喂益生菌在这一应用中具有巨大潜力。益生菌作为食品添加剂能够促进或支持宿主胃肠道微生物种群的良好平衡,还可作为饲料添加剂,通过多种方式促进鸡群健康和提高生产性能。益生菌具有保护肠道黏膜形态结构及其完整性,维持肠道微生物平衡,拮抗病原微生物,增强机体免疫力和提高生产性能等功能。本文就益生菌在养鸡生产中对鸡群健康及生产性能的影响进行综述,并对益生菌在鸡生产中的应用相关研究进行展望,以期为益生菌功能研究及相关产品研发提供新的视角和思路。 相似文献
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生命早期消化道中的微生物定植可影响动物机体，且具有长期健康效应，详细了解早期瘤胃微生物的定植状况对动物健康及生长发育有重要意义。反刍动物自出生后开始与外界微生物接触，其瘤胃微生物菌群结构发生剧烈变化，且易受动物日龄、品种以及饮食结构的影响。反刍动物瘤胃含有复杂的微生物菌群，主要由厌氧细菌、古生菌、真菌和原虫构成。本文综述了反刍动物幼龄阶段瘤胃细菌、古生菌、真菌和原虫的定植组成及其变化，同时阐述了饲粮组成和饲料添加剂对幼龄反刍动物瘤胃微生物菌群的影响，旨在为幼龄反刍动物实现分阶段的营养调控提供理论基础。 相似文献
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替代抗生素饲料添加剂研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(3):39-42
抗生素作为主要的饲料添加剂在几十年的广泛应用过程中造成了致病菌耐药性增强、动物免疫力降低、影响动物疫苗的效价、通过食物链影响人体健康等亟待解决的问题。我国农业农村部已发布公告,自2020年起我国饲料全面禁止添加使用抗生素类添加剂,饲料行业正式进入“无抗时代”。长期以来,研究人员积极寻求研发各种抗生素替代品及绿色无害的饲料添加剂,以消除或减轻禁用抗生素带来的一系列影响。就目前主要抗生素替代品的抗菌特点及抗菌机理进行综述,旨在为“禁抗”后抗菌性添加剂在饲料中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2004,13(1):106-119
The consolidation of poultry since the 1950s largely depended upon two primary management tools: vaccination and antibiotics. These two tools allowed for the prevention of both bacterial and viral infections that could greatly impact poultry raised in large numbers. Antibiotics were also found to improve poultry growth and feed efficiency over 10% when fed below therapeutic levels. Hence, by the late 1950s, the use of antibiotics for improving growth and feed efficiency in consolidated poultry flocks was commonplace. Early in the discovery of antibiotics, the development of resistance was always a concern, particularly in humans’ consuming animal products that were fed antibiotics. While science never conclusively supported this concern, advocate groups persuaded users of poultry products to avoid foods derived from animals fed antibiotics. Scientists studied the theories supporting the mechanism(s) by which antibiotics improve growth. Products to improve animal performance in the absence of antibiotics have included: enzymes, competitive microbial species, precolonization of the gastrointestinal tract with favorable microbial species, and dietary additives that inhibit microbial attachment to the intestinal mucosa. A recent addition to dietary substances that improve growth and feed efficiency in poultry and other species are egg antibodies that specifically target processes involved in the immune regulation of growth. Antibodies to neuropeptides and the rate-limiting enzyme, phospholipase A2, in eicosanoid synthesis are presented, along with the hypothesized mechanism of action. Evidence suggested that egg antibodies offer a new strategy in improving the efficiency of animal performance. 相似文献
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R. Ferrando 《Livestock Production Science》1979,6(1):67-92
Animal feed additives have been used for many years. They have played a part in meeting the increasing demand for animal products due to industrialization and urbanization while the useful agricultural areas and the number of agricultural workers were decreasing.The biological and economic advantages of feed additives are well known. They allow the sanitary drawbacks of great overcrowding of animals to be palliated. Those advantages exist in spite of improvements in the quality of the diet and in the environment. They have been diminishing but remain real. They save feed, protein, time and worry for the farmer.However, several objections have been raised against the use of feed additives. They are more theoretical than actual. The problem of residues is discussed. It appears without foundation when the watchfulness of the national and international organizations controlling the use of feed additives is taken into consideration. The problem of transferable drug resistance through the plasmids, especially in Enterobacteria, is more relevant to microbial ecology than to the utilization of antibiotics or even of copper salts.All things considered, the balance is in favour of the use of feed additives. 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(3)
Use of feed antibiotics as growth promoters for control of pathogens associated with monogastric food animal morbidity and mortality has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has now become a threat to public health on a global scale. Presently, a number of alternative feed additives have been developed and are divided into two major categories, including 1) the ones that are supposed to directly and indirectly control pathogenic bacterial proliferation; and 2) the other ones that are intended to up-regulate host gut mucosal trophic growth, whole body growth performance and active immunity. A thorough review of literature reports reveal that efficacy responses of current alternative feed additives in replacing feed antibiotics to improve performances and gut health are generally inconsistent dependent upon experimental conditions. Current alternative feed additives typically have no direct detoxification effects on endotoxin lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and this is likely the major reason that their effects are limited. It is now understood that pathogenic bacteria mediate their negative effects largely through LPS interactions with toll-like receptor 4, causing immune responses and infectious diseases. Therefore, disruptive biological strategies and a novel and new generation of feed additives need to be developed to replace feed antibiotic growth promoters and to directly and effectively detoxify the endotoxin LPS and improve gut health and performance in monogastric food animals. 相似文献
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