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1.
通过对内蒙古自治区大豆主栽品种的密度、施磷量、施钾量、种肥氮量、追肥氮量5项农艺栽培技术措施的综合试验研究,系统地分析了5项农艺措施对产量影响的单因素和交互效应,阐明了5项农艺栽培措施的产量效益.实现大豆单产200kg/667m2以上产量的优化农艺栽培措施是株数2.53～2.75×104株/667m2;施磷量(P2O5)4.56～5.44kg/667m2;施钾量(K2O)5.77～6.74kg/667m2;种肥氮量2.73～3.18kg/667m2;追肥氮量2.49～2.91kg/667m2. 相似文献
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施肥对旱作马铃薯干物质及养分吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2016,(5):282-288
在宁夏干旱半干旱地区,以不同氮磷钾组合施肥方式为主要试验因子进行田间试验,对全生育期马铃薯单株及各器官干物质积累和氮、磷、钾养分含量进行测定,探究氮磷钾肥不同配施方式下干物质与养分吸收累积规律。结果表明,整个生育期内马铃薯单株干物质累积呈"慢-快-慢-快-慢"的增长模式;各器官干物质累积量由高到低依次为块茎叶地上茎地下茎根;各处理单株干物质累积量由高到低依次为N_2P_2K(214-6-7 kg/667m~2)有机肥(2 t/667m~2)N_2P_2K(014-6-0 kg/667m~2)N_2P_0K(214-0-7 kg/667m~2)N_0P_2K(20-6-7 kg/667m~2)N_0P_0K_0(0-0-0 kg/667m~2);不同处理马铃薯干物质总累积量均呈"S"形曲线,符合Logistic生长方程。各处理生产1 000 kg马铃薯块茎所需氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)养分量分别在3.89~6.67,1.40~1.55和6.89~10.83 kg,生产1 000 kg马铃薯块茎所需三要素(N:P_2O_5:K_2O)比例平均为1:0.30:1.61。 相似文献
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密度、施氮量对两系杂交小麦品种绵杂麦168主要品质性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索两系杂交小麦品种的高产优质栽培措施,就两种密度(6万及12万基本苗/667m~2)、3种施氮量水平(5、10、15 kg N/667m~2)及其互作对绵杂麦168部分品质性状的影响进行了研究.结果表明,除密度与施氮量对容重、密度对弱化度、密度与施氮量互作对形成时间的影响不显著外,密度与施氮量及其互作对降落数值、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、稳定时间,密度与施氮量互作对容重,密度与施氮量对形成时间,施氮量及密度与施氮量互作对弱化度的影响都达到极显著水平;除吸水率与降落数值外,密度为6万基本苗/667m~2的品质性状优于密度为12万基本苗/667m~2的.无论是在低用种量(6万基本苗/667m~2)或者常规用种量(12万基本苗/667m~2)下,绵杂麦168的各品质性状均有随施氮量的增加而改善的趋势,绵杂麦168各品质性状(除吸水率、湿面筋含量外)在施氮量为15 kg N/667m2下都能达到中筋小麦标准.同时对各品质性状的相互关系进行了分析,结果表明,弱化度与其余品质性状都呈极显著负相关;粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间这五个性状间互呈极显著的正相关.综合考虑用种成本、产量与品质等因素,绵杂麦168的高产优质栽培应在配合其他栽培措施的基础上,以密度6万基本苗/667m~2、施氮量15 kg纯氮/667m~2为宜. 相似文献
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密度和肥料对马铃薯‘渝马铃薯3号’主要性状及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2016,(6)
利用L9(34)正交设计,研究密度和氮磷钾肥料因素对‘渝马铃薯3号’主要性状及产量的影响,得出高产栽培最佳模型,为品种推广提供依据。结果表明,‘渝马铃薯3号’正交试验各处理在主茎数、单株块茎数、商品薯数比和商品薯重比4个性状间无明显差异,在株高和单株块茎重间差异明显;密度间、施氮量间株高差异显著或极显著,施磷量和施钾量间株高无显著差异;密度越大,株高越低,氮肥用量越高,株高越高。单株块茎重除密度间差异显著外,氮磷钾因素间均达极显著水平;密度4 000株/667m~2和氮肥用量10 kg/667m~2时的单株块茎重最高;单株块茎重随磷肥用量增加而增加;钾肥用量11 kg/667m~2时单株块茎重最高。‘渝马铃薯3号’高产栽培最佳组合为T5处理,即密度4 000株/667m~2、施氮量10 kg/667m~2、施磷量6 kg/667m~2、施钾量为11 kg/667m~2时,‘渝马铃薯3号’鲜薯产量可达2 508 kg/667m~2。 相似文献
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《中国糖料》2017,(6)
采用"3414"设计,研究氮、磷、钾肥配施对甘蔗产量及产值的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥对甘蔗产量均呈现单抛物线特性,且增产顺序为PNK;两两互作对甘蔗产量的影响均表现为负效应。施肥量与产量间的三元二次方程、二元二次方程、一元二次方程和氮磷平方根模型的拟合结果为典型,能够较好地反映施肥量同产量之间的关系。综合考虑,本试验条件下获得最高产量施肥方案为每667m~2施N 27.45 kg、P_2O_513.38 kg、K_2O 23.47 kg,产量可达6863.2 kg/667m~2;最佳经济施肥方案为每667m~2施N 19.35 kg、P_2O_511.50 kg、K_2O 23.22 kg,产值为3094.1元/667m~2。 相似文献
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为了进一步研究不同栽培环境中春小麦的光合性能,在不同密度和施肥条件下,对呼市、巴盟河套灌区春小麦全生育期光合势(LAD)进行了系统观测。结果表明,春小麦高产群体光合势在整个生育期呈单峰曲线变化,峰值在孕穗至开花期。在适宜密度、氮磷钾肥适量配施下,全生育期总光合势可达到21×10~4～22×10~4m~2·d/667m~2,且孕穗期后维持较高水平,约占总光合势的45％～55％,保证了籽粒形成期光合产物的供应,因此其经济产量也最高。可见,在春小麦的生产实践中,创造良好的栽培条件,使群体光合势大小及其发展变化较合理是高产的关键。 相似文献
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通过对水稻生产的主要限制因素密度、氮素、磷素、钾素的试验研究,结果表明：每667m^2施N 13．16kg、P_2O_5 14．3kg、K_2O 30kg、保苗2．2万穴,产量可达526．2kg／667m^2。优化栽培方案为每667m^2施N 13．16kg、P_2O_5 14．19kg、K_2O 20．63kg,保苗3．0万株,可以获毛收益1583．6元／667m^2。 相似文献
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为了进一步挖掘沈稻3号增产潜力,采用规范化设计,研究了播种密度、插秧穴距、施氮量、施磷量和施钾量对沈稻3号产量的影响。结果表明,施氮量对沈稻3号产量的影响较大,在生产中应特别重视合理施用氮肥,合理搭配播种密度与施钾量、施氮量与施磷量是实现高产的重要措施。采用最佳模拟配合法,建立大于9375kg/hm2的高产栽培农艺组合方案为播种密度76.08～78.35g/m2,插秧穴距14.65～15.21cm,施氮量161.00～164.55kg/hm2,施磷量39.92～41.51kg/hm2,施钾量145.23～151.27kg/hm2。 相似文献
10.
《中国马铃薯》2021,(4)
彩色马铃薯新品种‘红美’品质优良,市场潜力巨大,为品种推广提供依据。利用L_9(3~4)正交设计,研究密度和氮磷钾肥料对于彩色马铃薯品种‘红美’主要性状及产量的影响,得出最佳高产模式。结果表明,不同的密度和氮磷钾肥对‘红美’单株块茎重和商品薯率的影响极显著,对单株块茎数的影响不显著。密度、磷钾肥均以中间水平时单株块茎重最高,单株块茎重随着氮肥用量增加而增加,商品薯率随着磷肥增加而增加,施氮量和施钾量均处于中间水平时商品薯率最高。‘红美’最佳高产组合为T9组合,即密度5 000株/667m~2,施氮量15 kg/667m~2,施钾量10 kg/667m~2,施磷量5 kg/667m~2时,‘红美’鲜薯产量可达2 149 kg/667m~2。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献