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1.
零上低温对咖啡幼苗的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
用2℃、5℃和8℃分别对中、小粒种咖啡幼苗处理4～5天,结果表明,随着低温强度的增强与处理时间的延续,叶片含水量、Vc含量和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性不断下降,而丙二醛(MDA)含量、电导率和钾离子外渗量却逐渐增加,与此同时,呈现幼苗叶片受害面积不断扩大,受害程度相应加重。以上述生理生化指标为依据,比较不同品种对零上低温的反应,反映了中粒种咖啡幼苗对低温比小粒种咖啡幼苗更为敏感。当不同低温处理后回到室温下半个月,观察其生长情况,发现5℃连续处理4天,中粒种咖啡幼苗整株干枯直至死亡,2℃连续处理3天,小粒种咖啡幼苗致死。 相似文献
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低温弱光对西瓜幼苗光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以西瓜品种“早佳8424”为试材，研究低温[12 ℃/10 ℃, 300 μmol/(m2·s)]，以及低温弱光[12 ℃/10 ℃, 100 μmol/(m2·s)]胁迫对西瓜幼苗叶片光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果结果表明：低温、低温弱光胁迫均降低了西瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和PSⅡ的最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)，增加了胞间CO2浓度（Ci）。低温、低温弱光致使超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性先增加后降低，过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则持续下降，丙二醛(MDA)含量持续增加。与低温相比，低温弱光处理下的西瓜幼苗Pn、Gs下降幅度更大，Ci的增幅更明显；与此不同，Fv/Fm和CAT活性在低温弱光处理后下降幅度相对较小，SOD、POD活性和MDA含量也呈现出较小增幅。低温、低温弱光胁迫抑制了西瓜幼苗的光合作用并诱导了抗氧化酶活性增强以清除体内氧自由基。随着胁迫时间的延长，抗氧化酶合成受到抑制，过剩的活性氧自由基造成细胞膜脂过氧化伤害，并最终破坏细胞膜系统。低温下的弱光能减轻幼苗的光抑制作用，同时也能缓解细胞产生的过氧化损伤，对降低细胞膜系统伤害有明显作用。 相似文献
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为了阐明黑麦对铝毒害的抵御机理,研究了铝胁迫对黑麦幼苗活性氧系统的影响。结果表明,在铝胁迫条件下,黑麦幼苗根伸长生长受到抑制,且随A l3 浓度的增加,抑制程度加重;根尖和叶片的超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率、H2O2和丙二醛(M DA)含量均随A l3 浓度的增加呈现先增后降的趋势;根和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白含量增加,有助于将活性氧控制在一定浓度范围内,可有效地避免活性氧伤害。 相似文献
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通过采用不同浓度的酢浆草植株水浸提液处理萝卜和生菜种子与幼苗,测定其对不同受体材料种子发芽、幼苗生长和植株保护酶系统的影响,探讨酢浆草植株水浸提液对部分模式蔬菜植物的化感作用,推测其可能的生理机制。结果表明：酢浆草植株水浸提液对萝卜和生菜的种子萌发和幼苗生长表现出较为明显的化感抑制。酢浆草植株水浸提液处理后,萝卜和生菜的种子萌发、幼苗生长均被抑制,抑制程度随处理浓度增加而增强,对胚根的抑制强度大于胚轴。酢浆草植株水浸提液对幼苗各种保护酶活性的影响表现出不同的变化规律,POD和CAT的活性均随处理浓度的增加 相似文献
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《棉花科学》2018,(6)
为解决陆地棉裸苗移栽易死苗,缓苗期长的问题。试验以百棉1号为材料,采用不同激素的不同浓度蘸根处理,研究缓苗成活期的棉苗成活率、叶片的叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。结果显示:IBA、IAA和NAA的处理明显提高棉苗的成活率。5种激素处理均可以提高叶片的叶绿素b的含量,叶绿素a/b值在0.1～1.0 mg/L之间,且随激素处理浓度增大而减小;IBA、NAA、IAA三种激素蘸根能明显增加叶片SOD酶活性;IBA、GA、KT适宜浓度增加POD酶活性效果较好;适宜量GA和NAA处理可以引起CAT酶活性显著性上升。激素蘸根可以影响棉花裸苗移栽的成活率及其幼苗叶片的抗氧保护酶活性,适宜的激素浓度酶活性高,不同激素对不同酶活性影响效果不同。 相似文献
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为明确神秘果(Synsepalum dulcifcum Denill)的耐盐能力,研究其在NaCl胁迫下的适应机制并丰富果树的耐盐机理,通过盆栽试验法,以0、2‰、4‰、6‰、8‰NaCl溶液分别对幼苗进行胁迫处理,测定叶片叶绿素、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶、丙二醛含量及土壤实际盐度。结果表明:在NaCl胁迫下,神秘果叶片的叶绿素合成受到明显抑制;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性随浓度增加而显著升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则是先升后降,在4‰时达到最高;可溶性蛋白含量与处理浓度呈负相关;脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和对照相比有显著增加,推测脯氨酸和可溶性糖在胁迫过程中起着重要的渗透调节作用。 相似文献
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采用水培技术,以两叶一心的油麦菜幼苗为材料,研究铵态氮和硝态氮不同配比对油麦菜幼苗叶片光合色素含量、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:(1)不同氮素处理对油麦菜幼苗叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝素的含量均产生显著影响,当NO_3~-∶NH_4~+=7∶3时叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝素的含量明显增加,显著高于其他处理。(2)各处理下油麦菜幼苗的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率随处理时间的增长呈上升趋势,而胞间CO_2浓度则呈下降趋势,当NO_3~-∶NH_4~+=7∶3时净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著高于其他处理,而胞间CO_2浓度则显著低于其他处理。(3)油麦菜幼苗叶片荧光特性呈现出较大差异,当硝态氮与铵态氮的配比为7∶3时,油麦菜幼苗叶片PSⅡ的Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最高;由相关性分析可知,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0与叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的相关性高于叶绿素b;Fv/Fm和Fv/F0三元回归模型的决定系数均在0.9以上,准确反映出油麦菜幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数与光合色素之间的关系。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献