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不同性诱剂对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾的诱捕效果及影响因子研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究诱捕器-性诱芯组合的诱集效果,及诱捕器悬挂高度、排列间距等空间分布因素对鲜食玉米田草地贪夜蛾诱捕效果的影响,明确草地贪夜蛾性诱装置最佳使用方案,为使用性信息素进行草地贪夜蛾的种群监测和防控提供技术支持。选用3种性诱芯和3种诱捕器进行配对组合,进行田间诱捕效果比较试验;使用BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合进行4个诱捕器悬挂高度和3个排列间距诱捕试验,并进行草地贪夜蛾成虫种群本地周年发生动态监测。结果表明:9个组合中BLB性诱芯和专用诱捕器组合诱捕效果最好;3种诱芯平均诱蛾量无显著差异;3种诱捕器中专用诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,飞蛾通用诱捕器诱捕效果最差。4个诱捕器悬挂高度在玉米拔节期时诱蛾量无显著差异,抽雄后2.2 m处理诱蛾量显著高于其他处理。诱捕器排列间距30 m处理的诱蛾量显著高于20 m和25 m的,但3个间距处理间田间草地贪夜蛾幼虫为害株率无显著差异。性诱监测发现,2020年5月中旬、6月下旬、7月下旬、9月上旬和10月中旬为成虫高峰期。草地贪夜蛾专用诱捕器搭配BLB性诱芯具有最佳诱捕效果,田间最优悬挂高度应高于玉米植株,诱捕器田间设置间距以30 m为宜。性诱适用于草地贪夜蛾的种群监测,并可作为害虫防治时的辅助手段。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是近年入侵我国的重大迁飞性害虫。本研究通过解剖观察不同日龄和交配状态的草地贪夜蛾雄蛾内生殖系统,确定其内含物分级标准,并以此为依据分析性诱剂田间诱捕雄蛾的交配状态。结果表明草地贪夜蛾精巢体积随日龄增加而减小,发育后期已交配的精巢皱缩扁平,日龄对未交配雄蛾单射精管非角质化区(PS)末端内含物无显著影响。根据PS末端内含物的颜色和紧密程度将雄蛾交配状态分为5级(Ⅰ～Ⅴ级)。未交配雄蛾PS末端内含物为褐色且均匀(Ⅴ级),交配后0 h呈透明(Ⅰ级),之后内含物会逐渐回填(Ⅱ～Ⅳ)。田间诱捕雄蛾共921头,其中647头已交配(Ⅰ～Ⅳ级)。不同性诱剂诱捕雄蛾的交配状态无显著差异。本研究结果为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和性诱剂防控实际控害效果评价提供参考。 相似文献
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为准确掌握甘蔗田草地贪夜蛾发生为害情况及种群动态,筛选适合当地种群监测的性诱捕器,通过田间人工调查不同种植方式甘蔗田草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生为害情况,采用2种类型草地贪夜蛾性诱捕器进行田间诱捕试验,探讨甘蔗田草地贪夜蛾性诱捕器的使用技术。结果表明：不论新植蔗田还是宿根蔗田,均有草地贪夜蛾发生为害,被害株率呈先缓慢上升后下降趋势,6月中下旬到7月上旬达到高峰,最高可达88.40%。甘蔗田草地贪夜蛾幼虫数量不多,宿根蔗田草地贪夜蛾幼虫数量较新植蔗田多,5月下旬到6月上旬达到高峰。监测期间不同种植方式甘蔗田草地贪夜蛾共出现5个诱集高峰期,新植蔗田草地贪夜蛾诱集高峰较宿根蔗田迟一个月出现。船形诱捕器和桶形诱捕器均可诱捕到草地贪夜蛾成虫,船形诱捕器田间诱集效果明显,但两者周均诱集量差异不显著。综合考虑各种因素,不论新植蔗田还是宿根蔗田,应加强甘蔗苗期草地贪夜蛾虫情普查和早期监测预警,在开展草地贪夜蛾监测时建议使用桶形诱捕器,在实际防治中结合甘蔗绵蚜防控采用植保无人机科学施药,防早防小,以达到最好的防治效果。 相似文献
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基于性诱和物联网的草地贪夜蛾成虫种群动态智能化监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实现田间草地贪夜蛾成虫种群动态的智能化监测,本研究对本文作者前期研发的基于性诱和物联网的害虫智能监测设备进行了田间应用和评估。研究发现,该智能监测设备的实时采集数据和人工计数数据所反映的草地贪夜蛾高峰期均为9月20日-9月22日、10月14日-10月22日和11月4日-11月6日,自动计数的平均准确率达75.03%;桶形诱捕器仅监测到9月20日-9月22日和10月14日-10月22日这2个高峰期,但整个监测期间桶形诱捕器诱集到的草地贪夜蛾种群数量与智能监测设备监测到的种群数量没有差异(Z=-0.784,P=0.433)。此外,该智能监测设备的实时监测数据表明：草地贪夜蛾成虫具有明显的昼夜活动节律,而且受环境温度影响较大。当日平均温度≥16℃时,大多在18:00后开始活动,晚上12点左右达到活动高峰期;当日平均温度<16℃时,草地贪夜蛾成虫整体活动性不强,但在16:00-16:59和23:00-00:59出现两个活动小高峰期。以上结果表明,基于性诱和物联网的智能化监测可以用于草地贪夜蛾的远程实时测报。 相似文献
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玉米田间关键因素对草地贪夜蛾性诱效果的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在不同生育期玉米田将中捷、纽康、百乐宝3种性诱芯分别置于中捷罐形、纽康锥桶形两种诱捕器中,分析对比其对草地贪夜蛾雄成虫的诱捕效果。结果表明,两种诱捕器对雄成虫的诱捕效果差异不显著;而中捷、纽康、百乐宝3种诱芯对草地贪夜蛾雄成虫诱捕效果存在显著差异,诱捕效果表现为:百乐宝>纽康>中捷。玉米生育期与草地贪夜蛾生存繁殖有着密切关系,虫口数量与玉米生育天数呈显著负相关,复种玉米苗期和拔节期是草地贪夜蛾幼虫活动取食最嗜好的时期。草地贪夜蛾的活动与傍晚田间气温存在显著相关性,周平均最低气温6.3~15℃时诱蛾量与周平均傍晚气温呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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河南省不同测报工具对草地贪夜蛾成虫诱集效果初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国植保导刊》2020,(7)
于2019年,在河南省开展了不同测报工具对草地贪夜蛾成虫诱集效果的研究。通过对市售草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器和自动虫情测报灯、高空测报灯的诱蛾情况调查发现,草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器和两种测报灯在7—9月的诱蛾量变化基本一致,以9月的诱蛾量较大,均可指示田间害虫的盛发期。不同性诱剂诱捕器产品的诱蛾量总体不高,其中以有效成分(含量≥3 mg)为顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯、顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十二碳烯乙酸酯的PE胶管诱芯Ⅰ和有效成分(含量1.45 mg)为顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯的PVC胶管诱芯Ⅱ诱蛾量相对较大,7—9月平均累计诱蛾量分别为31.27头/诱捕器和28.49头/诱捕器。灯诱监测草地贪夜蛾的始见期晚于性诱监测结果,7—9月自动虫情测报灯和高空测报灯的平均累计诱蛾量分别为17.11和166.80头/灯,在害虫具一定种群数量时监测效果较好。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾对氧化芳樟醇的趋性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用植物挥发物作为增效剂增加昆虫性信息素的诱捕效果,提高生物防治效率已成为研究趋势。本研究利用触角电位仪以及Y形嗅觉仪研究草地贪夜蛾对3个浓度梯度氧化芳樟醇的电生理及行为反应。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾雌、雄蛾对各浓度氧化芳樟醇都具有较强的电生理反应,且雌蛾对1μg/μL的氧化芳樟醇电生理反应值最高,为(0.40±0.051)mV,显著高于雄蛾;行为研究结果则表明,草地贪夜蛾雌虫对1μg/μL的氧化芳樟醇具有明显的选择偏好性,而雄蛾则对浓度为10μg/μL的氧化芳樟醇表现出明显的排斥性。本研究为开发有效的植物源草地贪夜蛾引诱剂提供了基础。 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
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Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
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The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
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Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
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Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
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Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
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M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献