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1.
寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾种群动态的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了明确甜菜夜蛾在藜、苋菜、甜菜和葱上的种群动态,通过室内试验,测定了4种寄主植物对甜菜夜蛾生长发育和繁殖等种群增长参数的影响,组建了甜菜夜蛾在供试植物上的实验种群生命表。结果表明,取食苋菜和藜的幼虫发育历期最短,而取食葱的发育历期最长(平均为16.00d)。蛹的发育历期在藜上最短(8.70d),在苋菜上最长(10.30d)。寄主植物不影响甜菜夜蛾卵的孵化率和蛹的存活率,但影响幼虫的存活率。幼虫的存活率在藜上最高(74.67%),葱上最低(26.25%)。藜、苋菜、甜菜和葱上甜菜夜蛾单雌平均产卵量分别为589.80、376.40、454.60、532.70粒。甜菜夜蛾雌蛾在藜、苋菜、甜菜、葱上的产卵呈现明显的动态变化。取食藜组和甜菜组雌蛾的产卵高峰出现在羽化后第2天,苋菜组为羽化后第3天,而葱组则为羽化后第1天和第3天。甜菜夜蛾在藜上的种群净增殖率(R0)、内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)最高,平均世代周期(T)、种群加倍时间(t)最低。4种寄主植物中,甜菜夜蛾的适宜寄主植物依次为藜、苋菜、甜菜和葱。  相似文献   

2.
本文采用培养皿叶盘法和烘干法研究了常规棉‘Daiza 24C’、单价抗虫棉‘GK19’和复合性状转基因抗虫棉‘Daiza 24’对斜纹夜蛾幼虫选择、取食及营养代谢的影响。结果表明,在非选择性条件下,虽然有较多的斜纹夜蛾1龄和3龄幼虫在‘Daiza 24’叶片上停留,但对其的取食量均显著低于‘Daiza 24C’和‘GK19’,表现出明显的拒食现象。在可选择条件下,取食‘Daiza 24’的1龄和3龄幼虫比例均随时间延长呈逐渐下降趋势,对‘Daiza 24’叶片表现出显著忌避行为,趋向于取食‘Daiza 24C’和‘GK19’。‘Daiza 24’对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的相对生长率、相对取食量、食物利用率、食物转化率、近似消化率均存在显著影响,而对5龄幼虫,取食‘Daiza 24’的幼虫除相对生长率和相对取食量显著低于取食‘Daiza 24C’‘GK19’的幼虫外,其他营养指标在取食不同品种间差异均不显著。以上研究结果表明,斜纹夜蛾1龄和3龄幼虫对‘Daiza 24’表现出显著的拒食和忌避行为,‘Daiza 24’对斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫的营养代谢存在显著影响,但对高龄幼虫营养代谢的影响较弱。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂的生物学特性,结果表明,实验室条件下,斜纹夜蛾长距姬小蜂单雌最大产卵量为139粒,平均产卵量为73.69粒;卵主要产在斜纹夜蛾幼虫的1~4腹节背面,少部分产在侧面,不产于寄主腹面;单寄主上通常产卵1~5粒,有时为6~9粒;喜寄生2、3龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫,偶尔寄生1龄幼虫,但绝大部分不能完成其生命历期;当寄主斜纹夜蛾2龄、3龄初、3龄末幼虫同时存在时,其偏爱寄生3龄初幼虫,偏好系数为0.65、发育历期为9.93±0.19 d。  相似文献   

4.
对采自我国不同地区、不同主栽葡萄品种‘红地球’、‘巨峰’及‘赤霞珠’上的12份葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小进行了比较和分析,结果表明:采自不同葡萄品种的病原菌对感病葡萄品种‘奥迪亚无核’叶片的致病力具有明显差异,其中‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的病原菌致病性较强,明显大于‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌致病力;采自不同葡萄品种的霜霉病菌孢子囊大小存在一定的差异,‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌孢子囊明显大于‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的霜霉病菌孢子囊。上述结果表明,采自不同寄主的葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小均存在一定程度的分化。  相似文献   

5.
转双价基因抗虫棉对斜纹夜蛾实验种群的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
室内应用中棉所45、中棉所41两种转双价基因棉品种与对照品种中棉所23的顶端展开的第4张叶片，分别饲喂斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫，考察对幼虫、蛹、成虫的影响，编制并分析实验种群生命表，明确上述两种转双价基因棉对斜纹夜蛾的抗性作用。研究结果表明，两种转双价基因棉除中棉所41饲喂斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫死亡率极显著高于中棉所23外，其他龄期幼虫死亡率、化蛹率及幼虫成蛾率均无显著差异；除中棉所41饲喂的斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫历期显著长于中棉所23、5龄幼虫显著短于中棉所23，两种转双价基因棉饲喂的4龄幼虫历期显著短于中棉所23、蛹重显著轻于中棉所23外，其他龄期幼虫、蛹期、成虫产卵前期、产卵期、平均产卵量和雌成虫寿命均无显著差异。中棉所45、中棉所41和中棉所23饲喂斜纹夜蛾的净增长率（R。）分别为l86．872l、236．7585、264．2246；世代平均周期（T）分别为45．6706、43．2262、46．8908；内禀增长率（rm）分别为0．1145、0．1265、0．1189；周限增长率（λ）分别为1．1213、1．1348、1．1263；种群加倍时间（DT）分别为6．0537、5．4794、5．8297；种群趋势指数（Ⅰ）分别为237．70、315．24、319．28。综合分析中棉所45、中棉所41对斜纹夜蛾抗性不明显。  相似文献   

6.
王召  朱环  黄近  金道超  杨洪 《植物保护》2023,49(4):21-28
为明确草地贪夜蛾对我国不同水稻品种存在的潜在威胁, 本研究采用自由选择法比较了草地贪夜蛾1龄和3龄幼虫对11个水稻品种的取食选择性, 测定了6个水稻品种叶片的生化物质含量, 并分析了该害虫取食选择与叶片生化物质含量的相关性, 进一步研究了草地贪夜蛾在6个水稻品种上的适合度?结果表明, 草地贪夜蛾幼虫对11个水稻品种的取食选择性存在显著差异, 对‘N5Y306’‘XY66’和‘ZZYH7’表现出较高的取食选择率, 而对‘KY21’‘TY390’和‘TXY’的取食选择率较低?相关分析表明, 1龄幼虫的取食选择率与可溶性糖含量表现为显著正相关, 3龄幼虫的取食选择率与总酚含量表现为显著负相关?取食6个水稻品种的草地贪夜蛾生长发育和繁殖存在差异, 以取食‘N5Y306’的幼虫历期最短(14.75 d)?化蛹率最高(88.65%)?单雌产卵量最多(537.56粒), 而取食‘TXY’的幼虫历期最长(18.38 d)?化蛹率最低(67.38%)?单雌产卵量最少(227.68粒)?综合表明, 草地贪夜蛾在不同水稻品种上均能够完成生长发育并实现种群繁殖, 其在‘N5Y306’上的种群适合度最高?  相似文献   

7.
3种寄主植物饲养的草地贪夜蛾种群生命表   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)经研究目前均认为主要是玉米型,而该虫能否在甘蔗、水稻上完成其生活史并对我国甘蔗、水稻的种植构成威胁值得探讨。本研究对采自玉米上的草地贪夜蛾自然种群用3种不同寄主植物饲养,并分别构建草地贪夜蛾两性生命表,比较不同寄主植物对其种群参数的影响。结果表明:取食甘蔗、水稻的草地贪夜蛾低龄幼虫存活率明显低于取食玉米的幼虫;取食水稻的成虫前期最长(27.75 d±0.50 d),且雄蛹体重最轻(153.3 mg±9.1 mg);草地贪夜蛾取食甘蔗、水稻、玉米后其产卵量无显著差异,平均世代周期依次为31.46 d、33.92 d和29.53 d,种群内禀增长率(r)分别为0.19、0.14和0.16,周限增长率(λ)分别为1.21、1.16和1.17,净增殖率(R_0)分别为367.01、135.44和101.25。总体而言,采自玉米的草地贪夜蛾在水稻上的适合度低于甘蔗和玉米上,但在甘蔗、水稻上该虫能够完成其生活史实现种群繁衍,本研究为草地贪夜蛾的预测预报和防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
草地贪夜蛾取食为害花生的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
草地贪夜蛾已成为中国重大入侵农业害虫,明确其对主要农作物的取食为害风险是制定防控策略的基础。我们的室内研究结果表明,25℃下以花生叶片为食的草地贪夜蛾,其幼虫、蛹、幼虫到成虫的发育时间分别为19.33、10.86 d和43.75 d,幼虫的存活率、老熟幼虫化蛹率、蛹的存活率和羽化率分别为82.03%、99.44%、95.44%和91.44%。成虫产卵前期和产卵期分别为6.45 d和5.45 d,单雌平均产卵量为(637.04±27.45)粒,单雌最高产卵量为1289粒,卵的孵化率为81.86%,雌蛾交配率97.36%。取食花生叶片的草地贪夜蛾种群净增殖率(R 0)、平均世代周期(T)、内禀增长率(r m)、周限增长率(λ)、种群加倍时间(t)和总增殖率(GRR)分别为587.12、38.22 d、0.17 d-1、1.18 d-1、4.16 d和874.22。2019年6月-8月在云南省江城县调查了草地贪夜蛾对苗期和花期花生的为害情况,结果显示,幼虫主要取食花生的生长点和顶端幼嫩部位,受害株率分别为80.00%和62.00%。本研究表明花生是草地贪夜蛾的适宜寄主,生产上应加强花生田草地贪夜蛾的监测与防治工作。  相似文献   

9.
为阐明入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对我国不同农作物的适应性,利用年龄-阶段两性种群生命表技术研究取食玉米粒以及玉米、花生、棉花、大豆、高粱和谷子叶片等7种不同食物对草地贪夜蛾生长发育与繁殖的影响。结果表明,不同食物显著影响草地贪夜蛾种群。整个成虫前期从长到短依次为取食棉花叶>取食大豆叶>取食高粱叶>取食花生叶>取食谷子叶>取食玉米叶>取食玉米粒,取食玉米粒要比取食棉花叶的时间缩短27.95 d。雌雄成虫寿命均以取食玉米粒和高粱叶的最长,以取食玉米叶的较短,且取食棉花叶的雄成虫寿命仅有3.00 d。产卵量以取食玉米粒的最多,为619.27粒,是取食其他食物的6.00倍～61.25倍。取食玉米叶的草地贪夜蛾初孵幼虫个体完成幼虫、蛹和成虫阶段的概率均较高,分别为95.38%、78.46%和78.46%,而取食棉花叶的最低,分别为37.29%、20.34%和20.34%。草地贪夜蛾取食玉米粒的净增值率、内禀增长率、周限增长率均最高,分别为105.59、0.12 d-1、1.13 d-1,平均世代周期最短,为36.91 d,而取...  相似文献   

10.
为评估转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的抗性及对非靶标害虫甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua和斜纹夜蛾S.litura生长发育的影响,采用室内生测法测定其对棉铃虫的抗性及对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫存活率、营养代谢及中肠酶活性的影响。结果表明,转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对棉铃虫第2代幼虫的抗性程度最高,幼虫校正死亡率达91.33%,但对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的抗性程度较低,幼虫校正死亡率分别为15.33%和13.33%。甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾各龄期幼虫取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花后,其存活率与取食常规棉花对照无显著差异;甜菜夜蛾对转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花叶片的相对取食量、近似消化率分别为16.68和93.12%,均高于取食常规棉花对照的10.72和92.00%,但差异不显著,而斜纹夜蛾取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花后的各项营养指标均低于取食常规棉花对照,差异也不显著。取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花后,甜菜夜蛾的过氧化物酶活性为0.02 U/mg prot,显著低于取食常规棉花的0.05 U/mg prot;斜纹夜蛾的酸性磷酸酶活性为0.15 U/mg prot,高于取食常规棉花的0.10 U/mg prot,但差异不显著,其它中肠酶活性均低于对照,亦无显著差异。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

13.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

18.
Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season.  相似文献   

19.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

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