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1.
在室内模拟田间药剂的选择压力,用阿维菌素和甲氰菊酯对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus 进行逐代处理,以选育其抗药性品系。阿维菌素品系选育至42代,抗性增长到8.7倍,甲氰菊酯品系选育至40代,抗性增长到68.5倍。阿维菌素抗性品系羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)的活性分别为敏感品系的2.7、3.4和1.4倍,差异达显著水平。推测3种解毒酶活性显著升高是朱砂叶螨对阿维菌素产生抗性的重要原因。甲氰菊酯抗性品系GSTs的活性为敏感品系的2.8倍,差异显著,表明该抗性品系的形成与GSTs活性增强有关。羧酸酯酶动力学测定结果表明,朱砂叶螨阿维菌素抗性品系体内存在变构的羧酸酯酶。 相似文献
2.
二斑叶螨寄主植物范围极广, 但其对百合科蔬菜造成危害的研究报道极少?本研究采集了来自北京海淀百合科蔬菜蒜和葱上的2个二斑叶螨种群, 生物测定结果显示, 2个种群对阿维菌素呈现出极高水平抗性, 对哒螨灵为中等以上抗性(LC50>5 000 mg/L), 对新型药剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯也表现出中等到高水平抗性?抗性基因突变频率检测发现, 与阿维菌素抗性相关基因G314D和G326E位点以及和哒螨灵抗性相关基因H92R位点的突变频率均高达100%, 为纯合抗性种群?因此, 本研究所测试的2个二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素和哒螨灵单剂的敏感性极低, 需慎重选用这2种药剂, 而3种新型杀螨剂联苯肼酯?虫螨腈和腈吡螨酯在田间需轮换使用? 相似文献
3.
山西省苹果园山楂叶螨对5种杀虫剂抗药性监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确山西省苹果园山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher)对化学杀虫剂的抗性现状及发展趋势,本文采用玻片浸渍法建立了山楂叶螨相对敏感种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感基线,连续3年(2013-2015年)监测了采自山西省苹果主产区运城苹果园的山楂叶螨对5种杀虫剂的抗性水平及变化动态。监测结果表明:田间监测种群对阿维菌素和三唑锡均处于敏感性下降及低水平抗性阶段,对哒螨灵和噻螨酮的抗性由低水平抗性升至中等水平抗性,对炔螨特处于低水平抗性。田间防治山楂叶螨时,哒螨灵与噻螨酮应淘汰不再使用,阿维菌素、三唑锡、炔螨特则应注意减少用药量及轮换用药,以延缓产生更高水平的抗药性。 相似文献
4.
采用微卫星标记法,对二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）敏感品系（S）和室内筛选的4个抗性品系（抗甲氰菊酯品系、抗四螨嗪品系、抗螺虫乙酯品系、抗哒螨灵品系）进行微卫星DNA多态性分析。结果表明,二斑叶螨4个抗性品系显示出微卫星DNA 多态性。引物Tu11在相似系数0.80处将5个二斑叶螨品系区分开。引物Tu1在相似系数0.70处将5个二斑叶螨品系区分开。微卫星DNA多态性虽不能定位抗性基因,但可结合聚类分析软件,为二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯、四螨嗪、螺虫乙酯、哒螨灵抗性快速分子检测技术提供依据,指导二斑叶螨田间抗药性监测及抗药性治理。 相似文献
5.
朱砂叶螨对两种杀螨剂的抗性遗传力及风险评估 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
在室内抗性培育的基础上,应用数量遗传学中的域性状分析法研究了朱砂叶螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素两种杀螨剂的抗性现实遗传力,并对两种药剂在不同杀死率下,朱砂叶螨抗性发展的速率进行了预测。结果表明,用甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素分别连续汰选16、18代后,朱砂叶螨对两者的抗性分别为28.61和4.36倍,抗性现实遗传力分别为0.2685和0.1385。在室内选择条件下,杀死率为50％～90％时,要获得10倍抗性,甲氰菊酯需要约13～6代,阿维菌素需要约28～13代。生物源农药阿维菌素的抗性风险明显低于菊酯类药剂甲氰菊酯。试验结果为朱砂叶螨抗性治理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
采用叶片残毒法测定了6种田间常用杀螨剂对黄瓜新小绥螨［Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans)］和朱砂叶螨［Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval)］的毒力,并分析了这几种杀螨剂对这两种螨的选择毒力。结果表明：供试6种杀螨剂中甲氰菊酯与高效氟氯氰菊酯对黄瓜新小绥螨具有较强的毒力,对其成螨的LC50值分别为8.7和6.7 mg/L,且在对两种螨的毒力选择上表现为负向选择性,因此在释放黄瓜新小绥螨协同防治害螨时,需慎重选择使用。6种杀螨剂对两种螨的选择毒力大小依次为：哒螨灵>阿维菌素>炔螨特>毒死蜱>高效氟氯氰菊酯>甲氰菊酯,且哒螨灵对黄瓜新小绥螨的毒力最低,对其成螨的LC50值达到了593.7 mg/L,而阿维菌素对黄瓜新小绥螨成螨的LC50值为90.2 mg/L,对朱砂叶螨成螨的LC50值为17.8 mg/L。哒螨灵和阿维菌素具有较高的正向选择性,表明这两种杀螨剂在利用黄瓜新小绥螨及化学药剂协同防治朱砂叶螨中具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
7.
为评价杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨的毒力和对加州新小绥螨的安全性,本文采用玻片浸渍法、叶片残毒法和浸叶法测定了乙唑螨腈、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑、哒螨灵、螺螨酯和联苯肼酯对朱砂叶螨的毒力,并对这6种杀螨剂对加州新小绥螨卵孵化率和雌成螨存活率进行了测定。结果表明,6种杀螨剂用叶片残毒法测定的毒力大于玻片浸渍法测定的毒力。朱砂叶螨雌成螨对螺螨酯和乙螨唑不敏感,其余4种杀螨剂都表现出较高的毒性。哒螨灵田间使用剂量显著降低加州新小绥螨雌成螨存活率,10倍田间使用剂量处理24 h后死亡率达100%。乙螨唑和哒螨灵田间使用剂量处理后加州新小绥螨卵仅有1%和0.33%的孵化率。因此,建议应用加州新小绥螨防治害螨时,应尽量避免哒螨灵和乙螨唑的施用。 相似文献
8.
土耳其斯坦叶螨对杀螨剂的抗性选育及解毒酶活力变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为探索土耳其斯坦叶螨的抗药性及其生化机理,在室内对敏感系土耳其斯坦叶螨分别用螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素逐代处理,选育出抗性种群。结果表明,选育至15代,土耳其斯坦叶螨对螺螨酯、甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性指数分别达到268.63、37.98和112.68倍。分别测定敏感品系(SS)、抗螺螨酯(RS)、抗甲氰菊酯(RF)、抗阿维菌素(RA)品系的解毒酶活性显示,3种不同抗性品系相对SS品系的羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和多功能氧化酶(MFO)的比活力均有不同程度的提高,差异均达到显著水平(P0.05)。其中,RF品系的MFO比活力上升最快,是SS品系的12.7倍;RA品系的MFO比活力次之,是SS品系的5.76倍;RS品系的3种解毒酶比活力均增长较慢,其中CarE比活力上升最慢,是SS品系的1.31倍。由此表明,CarE、GSTs、MFO的活性增大可促进土耳其斯坦叶螨对3种杀虫剂的抗性形成;螺螨酯的抗性增强可能与CarE关系甚微;MFO活性的增加可能与甲氰菊酯抗性升高密切相关;GSTs、MFO的活性升高可能是土耳其斯坦叶螨对阿维菌素产生抗性的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗药性及抗性基因的PASA检测技术 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch对阿维菌素的抗性水平,采用玻片浸渍法测定了北京4个地区二斑叶螨雌成螨对阿维菌素的抗药性,建立了特异性等位基因PCR（PASA）方法,并检测了二斑叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道（GluCl）基因片段上G323D的突变频率。结果显示,北京昌平、海淀、密云和怀柔4个田间二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素均达极高抗性水平,其中昌平种群抗性最高,LC50值为448.93 mg/L,抗性倍数为4 988.11倍。室内敏感种群未见抗性个体,昌平和密云种群G323D等位基因突变频率为100.00%,怀柔和海淀种群分别为86.25%和90.00%。北京4个地区二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素达极高抗性水平,抗性基因的突变频率也很高,表明阿维菌素不适宜用来防治这些地区的二斑叶螨种群。 相似文献
10.
采自甘肃兰州兴隆山公园的二斑叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch),用雌雄单系培养敏感品系(S),用螺螨酯处理二斑叶螨种群培养抗性品系(SP R),用室内生测法对二斑叶螨S和SP R品系进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性发展初期较慢,中期稳定,后期较快,选育至26代抗性指数(RI)达58.83。SP R对甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯有一定的交互抗性,RI分别为11.54和10.03;对苯丁锡、四螨嗪、苦皮藤生物碱、阿维菌素、氯氟氰菊酯、哒螨•四螨嗪、哒•水胺硫磷、三唑锡、三氯杀螨醇、哒螨灵、氧化乐果无交互抗性(1＜RI<5.00);对浏阳霉素、毒死蜱、噻螨酮、柴油、哒螨灵、唑螨酯可能存在负交互抗性(RI<1)。 相似文献
11.
He Lin Xue Chuan-hua Wang Jin-jun Li Ming Lu Wen-cai Zhao Zhi-mo 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,93(1):47-52
A Tetranychus cinnabarinus strain was collected from Chongqing, China. After 42 generations of selection with abamectin and 20 generations of selection with fenpropathrin in the laboratory, this T. cinnabarinus strain developed 8.7- and 28.7-fold resistance, respectively. Resistance to abamectin in AbR (abamectin resistant strain) and to fenpropathrin in FeR (fenpropathrin resistant strain) was partially suppressed by piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), inhibitors of mixed function oxidase (MFO), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and hydrolases, respectively, suggesting that these three enzyme families are important in conferring abamectin and fenpropathrin resistance in T. cinnabarinus. The major resistant mechanism to abamectin was the increasing activities of carboxylesterases (CarE), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and mixed function oxidase (MFO), and the activity in resistant strain developed 2.7-, 3.4- and 1.4-fold contrasted to that in susceptible strain, respectively. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the FeR strain developed 2.8-fold when compared with the susceptible strain, which meant the resistance to fenpropathrin was related with the activity increase of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in T. cinnabarinus. The result of the kinetic mensuration of carboxylesterases (CarE) showed that the structure of CarE in the AbR has been changed. 相似文献
12.
柑橘全爪螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性选育及交互抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内抗性品系选育,研究了柑橘全爪螨对甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的抗性发展情况,并就其与柑橘园常用11种杀螨剂的交互抗性进行了分析。结果表明:在柑橘全爪螨19代中用甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素分别不连续汰选16次和11次后,柑橘全爪螨对两者的抗性分别为29.92和3.80倍;甲氰菊酯抗性品系(FeR)对哒螨灵、三氯杀螨醇和三唑锡产生了明显的交互抗性,阿维菌素抗性品系(AbR)对甲维盐产生了明显的交互抗性。试验结果可为柑橘全爪螨抗性治理提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Failures in the control of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) by means of abamectin in Brazil, and a recent report of abamectin resistance in Brazilian populations of this pest species, led to the investigation of the possible involvement of detoxification enzymes using insecticide synergists. Resistance to abamectin was observed in all populations when compared with the standard susceptible population, with resistance ratios ranging from 5.2- to 9.4-fold. Piperonyl butoxide was the most efficient synergist with abamectin synergism ratios ranging from 3.0- to 5.3-fold and providing significant resistance suppression, but complete suppression of abamectin resistance was only obtained in one population of T. absoluta . Triphenylphosphate was an abamectin synergist which was not as efficient as piperonyl butoxide, but it provided complete suppression of abamectin resistance in four of the six resistant populations studied, suggesting a major involvement of esterases as an abamectin resistance mechanism in these populations. The importance of cytochrome P450, inhibited by piperonyl butoxide, seems secondary to esterases. Diethyl maleate also synergized abamectin in nearly all populations, but provided only partial suppression of abamectin resistance in the leafminer populations studied. Therefore, glutathione-S-transferases seem to be of minor importance as an abamectin resistance mechanism in Brazilian populations of T. absoluta . 相似文献
14.
二点叶螨对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗药性 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
以兰州吐鲁沟公园采集的二点叶螨为敏感种群（S），测定了兰州安宁区（R1）、红固区（R2）、天水（R3）、平凉（R4）、庆阳（R5）等地果园的二点叶螨抗性种群对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗性水平。结果表明，五地果园二点叶螨种群（R）对水胺硫磷、久效磷、克螨特、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯（R2除外）、联苯菊酯（R2除外）均已产生抗药性。其中R3种群对甲氰菊酯、克螨特、三氟氯氰菊酯、双甲脒、三氯杀螨醇的抗性最高，抗性指数（RF）分别为280．51、107．36、107．12、98．17、69．57倍；R4种群对水胺硫磷、克螨特、久效磷的RF值分别为97．15、82．94和65．39倍；其次是R1种群对甲氰菊酯、水胺硫磷、克螨特的RF值分别为75．05、60．97、60．14倍。五地果园二点叶螨抗性种群对氰久合剂、氧乐菊酯、氯马乳油、螨嗪菊酯、齐螨素、螨蚧克和四螨嗪的RF值均在14倍以下，对氧化乐果的RF值在22倍以下。 相似文献
15.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important detoxification enzymes in insects. This study examined the inhibitory effects of five insecticides (beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, phoxim, abamectin, acetamiprid) and two plant-derived allelochemicals (quercetin, tannic acid) on GST activity in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) and Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius). GST activities were suppressed by all the insecticides and allelochemicals tested; the two allelochemicals were the most potent inhibitors, reducing GST activity in vitro in a dosage-dependent manner. Kinetic analyses of GST inhibition by quercetin and tannic acid in M. troglodyta and C. anachoreta suggested biochemical differences in their GSTs. 相似文献
16.
Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A field colony of the Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to fenpyroximate was further selected with fenpyroximate 5SC for 20 generations at a selection pressure of 30-50% mortality (designated as FR-20 strain). Resistance and cross-resistance levels of the FR-20 strain to 18 acaricides were determined using a spray method. The FR-20 strain was extremely resistant to fenpyroximate [resistance ratio (RR) 252]. The strain exhibited extremely strong positive cross-resistance to acrinathrin (RR 196), and high levels of resistance to benzoximate (RR 55) and propargite (RR 64). Moderate levels of cross-resistance (RR 11-40) to abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, pyridaben + bifenthrin and tebufenpyrad were observed. The FR-20 strain showed low levels of resistance (RR < 10) to azocyclotin, bromopropylate, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr + pyridaben, dicofol, fenazaquin and milbemectin. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide had the greatest effect on the efficacy of fenpyroximate, followed by iprobenfos and triphenyl phosphate. In a comparative assay with detoxifying enzymes, the FR-20 strain showed 2.5-fold higher activity in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylation, and 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher activities in alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis, respectively. These results suggested that enhanced activities of both mixed-function oxidases and esterases likely contribute to the fenpyroximate resistance of the FR-20 strain of T urticae. 相似文献