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为了筛选有利于南蛇藤嫩枝扦插成活和生根的基质，提高南蛇藤的扦插繁殖效率，该试验研究了沙子、草炭、蛭石、草炭：珍珠岩=2:1（混合基质体积比为2:1）、草炭：蛭石=1:1（混合基质体积比为1:1）共5种不同基质的南蛇藤嫩枝扦插成活效果。结果表明：（1）扦插成活率以草炭:珍珠岩=2:1的扦插成活率最高，为90.8%，其次为草炭，极显著高于或显著高于其它基质。（2）生根数量以草炭基质最多，蛭石最少。（3）平均根长以草炭:珍珠岩=2:1最长，为8.67cm，沙子最短。（4）扦插愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织生根率、皮部生根率、腐烂率、生根率表现各异，其中沙子、草炭中的愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织生根率较高，而腐烂率却很低。通过综合对比，在5种不同基质中草炭是最适宜南蛇藤嫩枝扦插的基质，其次是草炭:珍珠岩=2:1。 相似文献
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不同处理对浙江红花油茶扦插生根的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《江苏林业科技》2017,(6)
采用L_9(3~4)正交设计,研究了在全光自动间隙喷雾条件下,扦插时间、取穗部位、生根剂种类和扦插基质类型对浙江红花油茶嫩枝扦插生根的影响。结果表明:5月31日,以枝条顶稍为穗条,在生根剂2 000 mg/L ABT 1号溶液中浸蘸10 s扦插于草炭土基质中生根效果最好,插穗生根率达95.33%,生根数达11.33条,根长为7.47 cm,根粗为1.92 mm。经公式评分法进行扦插效果的综合评价,认为以5月31日取枝条上部梢段,用2 000 mg/L ABT 1号溶液浸蘸10 s,扦插在等体积的草炭土、蛭石和珍珠岩混合基质中的生根效果为佳。 相似文献
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为研究高效简易的南京椴绿枝扦插技术,以半木质化绿枝为插穗,采用覆膜小拱棚加遮阳网等简易设施,开展了扦插方式、扦插基质及插穗长度对插穗生根的影响试验.试验结果表明,就地扦插和采用营养钵扦插2种方式的插穗生根率均在75％以上;不同基质和插穗长度对南京椴扦插生根具有显著影响,生根率最高的分别是单一基质园土、复合基质草炭+园土(容积比为2:1),而等容积珍珠岩+草炭+园土复合基质在生根率和根系质量2项指标方面效果最优;长10—12 cm的插穗生根率可达83??43％,根系质量也较优.在该试验优化扦插条件下,上述2种扦插方式均可获得良好的生根效果,并建议生产上使用长10—12 cm插穗、等容积混合的珍珠岩+草炭+园土复合基质. 相似文献
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对光皮梾木的扦插繁殖技术进行了研究,分析了不同基质及不同激素处理对扦插生根的影响。结果表明,育苗基质不同对扦插成活率存在显著影响。在水浸情况下,河沙上扦插成活率几乎为0,珍珠岩基质上扦插平均生根率为31.11%,珍珠岩+草炭土基质上扦插平均生根率为26.67%。以珍珠岩+草炭土以1∶1比例混合物进行激素处理,试验结果表明不同激素处理对扦插生根率有显著影响。NAA处理穗条对生根有促进作用,以IAA和IBA处理的扦插平均生根率最高,分别为41.85%和55.92%。试验结果表明,NAA以200×10-6的处理效果为好,其生根率明显高于其他2种处理;IAA以100×10-6处理的效果为好,其平均生根率为45.56%,显著高于200×10-6处理的生根率(41.11%)和50×10-6处理的生根率(38.89%);IBA处理以200×10-6较为好,在所有处理中生根效果最好。此研究结果对林业生产上开展梾木类幼苗的扦插繁育具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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世界极危物种——崖柏幼树硬枝扦插繁殖研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用正交试验,研究母株年龄、扦插基质和生长调节剂对2~6a生崖柏幼树硬枝扦插的影响,探讨崖柏幼树硬枝扦插的最佳内部因素控制和适宜的外部环境条件。结果表明:崖柏幼树硬枝扦插存在明显的年龄效应,2a生母株显著高于4a生和6a生母株的插穗生根率。插后130d、240d和345d的平均生根率分别为23.3%、40.8%和51.7%;不同扦插基质的影响随着插后时间的延长而增大,并在插后345d成为影响插穗生根率的主要因素。有利于崖柏幼树硬枝扦插生根的基质为草炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(1∶1∶2)等组成的混合物;不同生长调节剂的处理效果以GGR61 000mg/L最好,其次是IBA 2 000mg/L,但各处理间差异不显著。最佳处理组合为:从2a生母株上采集的插穗、GGR61 000mg/L速蘸2min、草炭土∶蛭石∶珍珠岩(1∶1∶2)的混合物为基质,其插后130d、240d和345d的最高生根率分别为35.0%、65.0%和75.0%。大多数试验因素和水平对插穗的生根数量和根系质量影响不显著,对插后345d的调查结果分析表明,仅有不同母株年龄和扦插基质对生根数量和最长根根长的影响达到显著程度(0.01P0.05)。 相似文献
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4种不同基质对胡杨嫩枝扦插生根的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨酒泉地区胡杨嫩枝扦插育苗技术,试验研究了商品育苗基质基、珍珠岩+草炭土(比例为5∶5)基质、沙质壤土、细河沙等4种育苗基质对胡杨嫩枝扦插效果的影响。结果表明:4种育苗基质扦插苗成活率、枝生长量、新枝数、根系生长量、新生根数差异极显著,最终成活率依次为细河沙>珍珠岩+草炭土>沙质壤土>商品育苗基质;30d枝生长量、分枝数、根系生长量、新生根数依次为细河沙>珍珠岩+草炭土>沙质壤土>商品育苗基质;60d枝生长量、分枝数、根系生长量、新生根数依次为商品育苗基质>沙质壤土>细河沙>珍珠岩+草炭土。在酒泉地区进行胡杨嫩枝扦插育苗,其基质应选取细河沙。 相似文献
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《热带林业》2016,(4)
文章采用3种不同扦插基质和2种不同浓度的NAA植物生长激素,对4种荫生垂直绿化植物旱田草(Lindernia ruellioides)、红骨草(Lindernia montana)、大苞水竹叶(Murdannia bracteata)、铜锤玉带草(Pratia nummularia)进行了扦插繁殖试验,研究了不同基质及激素浓度对4种植物扦插生根的影响。结果表明:旱田草在100mg/L NAA处理下,并在田园土+河沙=1:1的基质中进行扦插,其生根效果最好;红骨草在泥炭土+珍珠岩=5:1和50mg/L浓度的NAA处理下,其扦插生根效果最好;大苞水竹叶在泥炭土+珍珠岩=5:1的混合基质下和不经激素处理的条件下,生根效果最好;铜锤玉带草在田园土+河沙=1:1和泥炭土+珍珠岩=5:1的混合基质中进行扦插繁殖,生根效果最好。通过试验,不仅优化了旱田草、红骨草、大苞水竹叶和铜锤玉带草的扦插繁殖条件,而且也为4种垂直绿化植物的生产发展提供了参考。 相似文献
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灯台树扦插繁殖技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
灯台树是一种具有较高观赏价值的绿化珍品。扦插试验结果表明:灯台树的扦插生根率较低,以在3月中旬,插穗用ABT1号600×10-6mg/mL处理,用1/2草炭土+1/2珍珠岩作为扦插基质,采用全光照喷雾技术,扦插效果最好,生根率可达78.3%。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献