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原产中国的榛属植物有8个种和2个变种,约占全世界种数的一半。榛子是传统的木本粮油树种,中国先民自古以来就采集野生榛子食用。中国榛属植物种质资源分布经纬跨度较大(24°31'~51°42'N、85°55'~132°12'E),从"东北—华北山区、秦岭和甘肃南部及河南—华中—云贵高原"呈斜带状,海拔从100~4 000 m都有分布,行政地域范围涉及25个省(自治区、直辖市)。通过地理分布生态适应性研究,建立了榛属植物分布种数与气候因子间的回归方程:Y=11.883-0.051X_1+0.131X_2-0.003X_4-0.004X_5-0.001X_6+0.051X_8。初步提出了榛属植物资源描述与评价体系,开展了榛坚果、花粉形态及雄花序等形态多样性研究,并且在分子水平上对榛属植物遗传多样性和系统进化进行了研究,明确了川榛应该作为一个独立的种,平榛与欧洲榛尽管地理位置较远,但是遗传距离较近,这既说明了平榛和欧洲榛杂交成功的原因,同时也为进一步研究榛树植物地理距离和遗传距离的不一致性提出了新的课题。 相似文献
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提高大兴安岭榛子质量和产量的具体措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
榛子是中国主要坚果树种,平榛(Corylusheterophylla)是榛属植物中的主要品种,它的分布最广、资源蕴藏量最大、产量最高,品质优于其它种。在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山西和陕西等省份都有分布,但尤属东北大兴安岭的榛子资源最为丰富。在大兴安岭林区榛子是某些林型中灌木的优势种,构成有:榛子白桦林、榛子兴安落叶松白桦林、榛子黑桦林、榛子蒙古栎白桦林、 相似文献
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榛子,是我国北方重要野生干果树种,也是木本油料树种之一. 榛子在植物分类学中属于榛科榛属灌木或小乔木.该属植物在全世界约有20种,主要分布在北半球的寒温带 相似文献
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榛子,榛科榛属灌木树种,在中国分布很广,主要分布于辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古东部以及河北的北部山区。榛属植物全世界约有20种,中国有12种,河北分布有平榛和毛榛。据分析,榛子种仁含脂肪51.4—66.4%,含蛋质17.32~25.92%,含碳水化合物4.9~9.8%,水分含量只有2.8~5.8%, 相似文献
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榛子,属桦木科(Batulaceae)榛属(Corylus)落叶灌木,稀为小乔木,榛子是野生坚果树种之一,是极好的油料植物,种仁富含脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉、矿物质和多种维生素,开花较早,其花粉是早春季节最丰富的蜜源之一,嫩叶晒干可作饲料,枝条可编筐。野生榛子树是发展经济林的一种理想树种,加以人工管理,是一项很有发展的经济产业。 相似文献
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欧洲榛子嫩枝压条试验研究 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
欧洲榛子 (Corylusavellana L,以下简称欧榛 ) ,系桦木料榛属植物。原产欧洲地中海沿岸及中亚细亚地区 ,是榛属植物中广泛栽培的坚果树种。经济价值高 ,栽培范围广 ,已成为畅销于国际市场四大坚果商品之一。目前 ,主要采取分株和压条育苗 ,其中压条法又多采用 1年生根部萌蘖条进行春压 ,成苗时间较长 ,成苗率不高。1998、1999年夏季 ,对欧榛当年生萌蘖条进行了嫩枝压条试验研究。表 1 不同填充物处理的试验设置试验组号处理试剂及浓度 (mg· kg- 1 )填充物A1 A2A3(CK)A4A5A6IBA10 0 0IBA10 0 0IBA10 0 0IBA10 0 0IBA10 0 0IBA1… 相似文献
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Michael Demchik Anthony Kern Lois Braun Jason Fischbach Keith Turnquist 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(6):1507-1516
World hazelnut production is based on European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) and is limited by the narrow climatic requirements of this species. The cold hardiness and disease resistance of the American hazelnut (Corylus americana) offer opportunities to expand production to new areas including the Upper Midwest (USA). The American hazelnut is a phenotypically diverse species. This study used ten microsatellite marker loci to investigate genetic diversity in 1140 individuals sampled from 25 populations across Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota and North Dakota. Overall, the marker loci were highly polymorphic (Ho = 0.69, He = 0.78, PIC = 0.84) with 7–13 alleles per locus. There was very high genetic diversity within populations (90% of the total) and some tendency toward population differentiation. Mantel’s test showed that genetic distance among the populations was not correlated with geographic distance. We conclude that selection of individuals for use in breeding should be based primarily on phenotype (productivity, nut size, percent kernel, ease of harvest), with care to include representatives of genetically differentiated populations. 相似文献
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Michael Demchik Jason Fischbach Anthony Kern James Lane Brent McCown Eric Zeldin Keith Turnquist 《Agroforestry Systems》2014,88(3):449-459
Development of perennial oilseed crops for the Lakes States region of the United States would provide another crop opportunity for farmers, while improving ecosystem services from agricultural lands. In order to effectively select hazelnut (Corylus americana Marsh.) genotypes from existing wild populations, we needed to know at least three parameters: (1) measures for indirect assessment of yield, (2) between and within population genetic variability, (3) fatty acid characteristics of the nuts. American hazelnut populations at 21 sites were screened for high-yielding plants. Yield component analysis was used to determine the relationship of specific component of yield (nut clusters/m2, nuts/cluster, mass in-shell/nut, mass of nutmeat/mass in-shell) to yield of nutmeat/m2. Nut clusters/m2 explained the majority of the variation in yield of nutmeat/m2. Ten microsatellite loci were used to determine the within and between population variation. The majority of the variance was between individuals within populations. Fatty acid profiles were determined for a subset of high-producing plants. Hazelnut oil is predominantly oleic acid. The fatty acid profiles do not vary greatly between individual plants, although linoleic acid is the most open to selection. 相似文献
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榛子是营养价值极高的干果,许多温带和亚热带国家广泛种植。本文较系统地介绍了国外榛子的育种和栽培情况,对我省榛子的引种栽培和开发利用有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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在对国内外经济林生产现状和发展趋势进行概述的基础上,对我国未来经济林生产总体框架提出设想。现全国有经济林经营面积2000万hm^2,近200个不同树种和多种经营方式,预计至2000年面积可达2600-3000万hm^2,年产值超1000亿元。提出经济林生产应用高新技术的突破口主要以下几个方面:培育新的品种;经济林生态系统的建立和管理;经济林产产品的贮藏保产品的深加工和综合利用。在发展战略上可分近期 相似文献