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无人机旋翼风场作用下雾滴在水稻植株上的黏附量模型构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探究植保无人机旋翼风场对雾滴在水稻植株上黏附量的影响规律,该研究以大疆T30植保无人机为施药平台,分别以清水、1%迈飞和0.5%迈图Target助剂溶液为喷洒溶液,基于航空风洞和粒子图像测速系统（Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV）测量了植保无人机旋翼风场作用下的雾流场、溶液的动态表面张力、黏度和密度以及雾滴在水稻叶片表面的动态接触角,分析了植保无人机旋翼风场对雾滴沉降速度的影响,以及飞防助剂对溶液性质参数、喷嘴雾化性能和雾滴在水稻叶片表面润湿铺展能力的影响规律。在此基础上,结合雾滴拦截模型和雾滴与作物叶片表面碰撞模型,建立了应用于植保无人机施药技术领域的雾滴黏附量预测模型,并对模型计算的准确率进行了田间验证试验。试验结果表明,助剂溶液对溶液性质、喷嘴雾化性能、雾滴在水稻叶片表面的润湿铺展能力以及雾滴在水稻植株上的黏附量方面均有不同程度的影响。与清水溶液相比,添加1%迈飞与0.5%迈图Target助剂溶液后,溶液表面张力分别降低了46.81%,62.21%;喷嘴雾化雾滴的粒径均呈增大趋势,约增大9.3%;雾滴在水稻叶片表面的接触角分别降低了27.74%,46.37%;雾滴在每公顷水稻植株上的黏附量分别增加了800.78%和1 051.49%。无人机旋翼风场对雾滴沉降速度和雾滴在水稻植株上的黏附量均有明显影响,旋翼系统开启后,雾滴沉降速度明显增加,且更快达到稳定运动状态,当无人机旋翼转速由0增加至1 000 r/min 再增加至1 800 r/min时,雾滴沉降速度分别增加了366.67%,64.29%。与旋翼关闭状态相比,旋翼系统开启后,1%迈飞和0.5%迈图Target助剂溶液在水稻植株上的黏附量分别降低了26.78%和29.75%。本文建立的黏附量模型预测清水、1%迈飞和0.5%迈图Target 3种溶液在水稻植株上黏附量的准确率分别为48.59%,79.07%和79.29%。该研究为植保无人机对水稻进行施药作业时筛选助剂提供理论参考与指导,并提供一个新的旋翼风场作用下雾滴在水稻植株上黏附量的预测模型。 相似文献
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种植模式优化是实现新疆棉花高产优质的重要途经，但其对机采棉化学脱叶环节农机农艺融合的影响还不明确。该研究开展了"矮密早"（1膜6行，66 cm + 10 cm宽窄行，R6）、"宽早优"（1膜3行，76 cm等行距，R3）2种机采棉种植模式下多旋翼植保无人机和自走式喷杆喷雾机2种植保机械的化学脱叶田间试验，通过测定叶片尺度脱叶剂雾滴粒径分布和沉积参数，系统分析了不同种植模式和植保机械组合对棉花冠层脱叶剂雾滴沉积特性、行间地面雾滴损失以及最终脱叶效果的影响。结果表明无人机作业的雾滴粒径分布、覆盖率、沉积量及行间地面损失与喷雾机相比均有显著差异（P<0.01）。喷雾机和无人机作业的100～300 μm粒径有效雾滴占比分别为2.60%和61.00%，无人机较喷雾机提高了58.40个百分点，雾滴粒径分布更均匀；雾滴覆盖率分别为42.05%和3.22%，喷雾机作业的雾滴覆盖率是无人机的13倍；沉积量分别为0.49和0.69 μg/cm2，喷雾机作业的雾滴沉积量仅为无人机的71.00%，这是因为无人机喷雾具有高浓度、低容量的特点。喷雾机喷施后棉花冠层下部较冠层上部的雾滴覆盖率和沉积量相对降低17.99%和17.63%，无人机作业后冠层下部的雾滴覆盖率和沉积量较冠层上部相对降低35.45%和53.71%，说明无人机喷施的雾滴穿透性不足；喷雾机作业后行间地面雾滴沉积损失量为无人机的1.91倍。种植模式对雾滴沉积特性有显著影响（P<0.01），与"矮密早"相比，"宽早优"模式冠层下部雾滴覆盖度提高18.59个百分点（相对提高117.60%），变异系数降低43.73个百分点（相对降低43.83%）；冠层下部雾滴沉积量提高0.33 μg/cm2（相对提高125.60%），变异系数降低31.63个百分点（相对降低36.00%），提高了雾滴的穿透性和均匀性。无人机二次喷施作业后，脱叶率在90%～94%间，满足棉花机采作业要求。综上，采用无人机进行化学脱叶作业雾滴粒径分布合理但穿透性不足，而采用"宽早优"模式可以改善无人机雾滴穿透性不足的问题，提升冠层内雾滴分布均匀性，在满足棉花机采对化学脱叶要求的前提下，降低作业过程对棉花生长和土壤环境的潜在影响。 相似文献
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双极性接触式航空机载静电喷雾系统荷电与喷雾效果试验 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
该文针对航空施药植保无人机设计了双极性接触式航空机载静电喷雾系统,分别对该系统喷施静电油剂和水的荷电与雾化效果进行了测试。将该航空静电喷雾系统搭载于3WQF120-12型油动单旋翼植保无人机喷施静电油剂,并使用该植保无人机自带喷雾系统分别喷施静电油剂和常规水基化药剂,对比了3种施药方式的沉积分布均匀性和对小麦蚜虫、锈病的防治效果。试验结果表明:当喷雾液为水时,静电喷雾系统的静电电压和极性不会改变水的雾滴谱;当喷雾液为静电油剂时,正电荷使雾滴粒径减小,负电荷使雾滴粒径增大,且静电喷头的雾滴相对粒谱宽度随静电电压的增加而增大;喷雾液的荷质比与静电电压正相关,相同静电电压和输出电极下水的荷质比大于静电油剂,同一静电电压下负输出雾化喷头药液的荷质比高于正输出。小麦大田试验表明:使用静电喷雾系统喷施静电油剂的雾滴沉积分布均匀性最好,其单位面积沉积量为0.048 6?g/cm2,沉积量的标准偏差为0.015?g/cm2,变异系数为30.43%;使用无人机自带喷雾系统喷施静电油剂和常规水基化药剂的单位面积沉积量分别为0.051 3和0.035 6?g/cm2,标准偏差分别为0.019和0.016?g/cm2,变异系数分别为42.57%和45.54%;喷施静电油剂的2个处理对麦蚜和锈病的防治效果和药效期均明显高于水基化药剂,使用静电喷雾系统的测试在药后7 d对蚜虫防治效果为87.92%,明显高于无人机自带喷雾系统喷施静电油剂76.43%的防治效果。该静电喷雾系统配合喷施静电油剂可提高沉积分布均匀性,增加防治的持效期和效果。 相似文献
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航空施药雾滴沉积特性的准确检测对施药参数选择和施药质量优化至关重要。该研究以3WQF-80-10型植保无人机为试验对象,选取典型飞行工况,通过水敏纸和基于荧光示踪的航空施药沉积检测系统同步获取展向雾滴沉积覆盖率,研究对比了该机型在典型飞行工况条件下的雾滴沉积离散性和连续性分布,评估基于荧光示踪的沉积检测系统对雾滴沉积检测效果与适用性。试验结果表明:荧光示踪法与水敏纸法所得雾滴沉积率分布曲线整体趋于一致,2种方法的检测结果相关性拟合优度(R2)为0.88~0.96;由于植保无人机旋翼下洗风场胁迫细小雾滴沉降至非水敏纸布样位置,致使荧光示踪法测得的平均雾滴覆盖率曲线出现更多峰值,覆盖率值高于水敏纸法测量结果。植保无人机飞行速度为2 m/s,飞行高度为3 m的作业条件下,与水敏纸离散布样方式相比,荧光示踪连续布样方式测得雾滴覆盖率提高16.92%,当飞行速度为4 m/s,飞行高度为9 m时,后者较前者提高97.77%。植保无人机作业工况对施药雾滴沉积覆盖率影响方面,飞行速度2 m/s,飞行高度3 m的工况下,雾滴沉积覆盖率最高,为8.34%和7.14%;随着植保无人机飞行高度和速度增加,雾滴沉积覆盖率降低。针对植保无人机下洗风场作用下施药雾滴沉积质量检测,与离散布样方式相比,连续性样品采集可获取更丰富的雾滴空间沉积分布细节。该研究可为无人机低空低量施药雾滴沉积检测和无人机下洗风场对雾滴沉积分布影响研究提供方法参考。 相似文献
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为了探究植保无人机授粉喷施时对油茶坐果率的影响,该文采用大疆T20型无人机开展授粉试验研究。通过设置植保无人机不同飞行高度和飞行速度,比较分析各试验组的雾滴分布情况,探究植保无人机飞行参数对油茶授粉雾滴分布的影响,以及雾滴分布对油茶坐果率的影响。结果表明：油茶树冠层对于植保无人机喷施的雾滴有较强的阻碍作用;植保无人机授粉喷施的雾滴沉积量随着飞行速度的增加而逐渐减少;随着植保无人机飞行高度增加,雾滴沉积量呈现先升后降的趋势;当飞行速度为3m/s、飞行高度为2.5m时,植保无人机授粉效果最好,油茶树上层平均坐果率达到42.67%,油茶树下层平均坐果率为36.00%;油茶坐果率与雾滴沉积量之间呈正相关,斜率K为25.267,修正后的R2为0.806。该研究结果可为植保无人机开展油茶林授粉喷施作业提供重要的数据支撑,为提高油茶产量提供理论依据。 相似文献
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油动单旋翼植保无人机雾滴飘移分布特性 总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5
为了研究油动单旋翼植保无人机在精准作业参数(速度、高度)条件下的雾滴飘移分布特性,该文建立了雾滴飘移收集测试平台,分别用雾滴飘移测试框架、等动量雾滴收集装置和培养皿收集3WQF80-10型油动单旋翼植保无人机在作业时空中及地面飘移的雾滴。将测试结果分别与侧风风速、飞行高度、飞行速度进行相关分析和回归分析,结果表明:在平均温度31.5℃、平均相对湿度34.1%的条件下,侧风风速为雾滴飘移的主要影响因素;侧风风速与等动量雾滴收集器和培养皿测得的雾滴飘移率呈正相关(相关系数r分别为0.97、0.93);而与雾滴飘移测试框架测得的雾滴飘移率无相关性;侧风风速为0.76~5.5 m/s时,90%飘移雾滴沉降在喷雾区域下风向水平距离9.3~14.5 m的范围内,因此在作业时要预留至少15 m以上缓冲区(安全区)以避免药液飘移产生的危害。研究结果可为低空低量植保无人机施药技术研究和建立植保无人机低空低量施药田间雾滴沉积与飘移测试标准提供参考。 相似文献
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基于仿真果园试验台的植保无人机施药雾滴飘移测试方法与试验 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
王昌陵 何雄奎 曾爱军 Andreas Herbst Supakorn Wongsuk 乔白羽 赵铖 袁善奎 钟玲 Verena Overbeck Jane Bonds 杨苡 周国强 王轩 高万林 《农业工程学报》2020,36(13):56-66
植保无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)果树飞防植保作业中飞行高度较高并且采用低容量细小雾滴喷雾,飘移风险极高。但是,无人机果园施药雾滴飘移特性研究尚处于初步开展阶段,缺乏全方位综合测试方法以及对不同无人机机型和喷头类型的评价。该研究在前期研究基础上,提出一种基于仿真果园试验台的植保无人机果园施药雾滴飘移测试方法,设计并制作仿真葡萄园试验台和空中飘移收集装置,结合地面飘移收集装置和冠层沉积收集带,首次通过雾滴空间飘移指数ADX定量分析评价不同机型的喷雾过程中农药雾滴空间飘移特性,并采用田间近地飘移测试平台进行无人机喷雾飘移试验,使用荧光示踪法探究4种典型植保无人机(油动单旋翼、电动6旋翼及2种电动8旋翼无人机)分别搭载IDK 120-015空气射流喷头和TR 80-0067空心圆锥喷头喷雾作业的雾滴冠层沉积分布、地面飘移、近地飘移及空中飘移特性,进而对不同喷雾飘移测试收集装置进行评估。结果表明:在侧风速2.2～3.6 m/s,温度29.8～34.3℃,相对湿度10.7%～30.6%的环境条件下,IDK空气射流喷头在作业高度1.5 m、速度2.0 m/s参数下可显著降低无人机喷雾下风向飘移水平,优化沉积分布均匀性,提高农药雾滴利用率;4种机型飘移特性无显著差异,旋翼下洗气流产生的卷扬涡流是影响无人机喷雾飘移的重要因素;葡萄园喷雾作业缓冲区至少应设置为15 m;冠层沉积率越小(P0.05,r0)、沉积分布变异系数越高(P0.01,r0)、田间飘移平台平均均值飘移率和90%累积飘移距离越大(P0.01,r0)以及ADX值越大(P0.01,r0)均表明雾滴飘移风险越高,3种收集装置及其评价指标均可有效评估下风向飘移特性;植保无人机喷雾飘移率与下风向距离满足指数函数关系。研究结果以期为新型果树专用植保无人机研发、植保无人机果园作业喷雾飘移测试方法的标准制定和田间作业参数选择提供参考和数据支持。 相似文献
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为探讨植保无人机（UAV）减量施药对水稻病虫害的防治效果,该研究采用P20型植保无人机进行水稻田间施药作业。分别在水稻分蘖末期、孕穗期开展了两种施药液量（15、22.5 L/hm2）的水稻冠层雾滴沉积试验,以及两种施药液量下480、540、600 mL/hm2 3种农药剂量（阿维·氯苯酰推荐剂量的80%、90%、100%）的防治稻纵卷叶螟减量施药田间药效试验,并与背负式电动喷雾器（Knapsack Electric Sprayer,KES）人工施药的常规防治方法进行施药效果对比。雾滴沉积试验结果表明,水稻冠层上部的雾滴分布均匀性优于水稻冠层下部;施药液量15、22.5 L/hm2的冠层上部雾滴沉积有显著差异,且施药液量22.5 L/hm2的冠层上部雾滴沉积显著优于施药液量15 L/hm2。药效试验结果表明,农药剂量越大稻纵卷叶螟防治效果越好,采用农药剂量100%的植保无人机施药防治效果最好,并优于KES人工施药;施药液量15、22.5 L/hm2的稻纵卷叶螟防治效果有显著差异,且施药液量22.5 L/hm2较15 L/hm2的防治效果更好;处理T2（施药液量15 L/hm2、农药剂量90%）、处理T4（施药液量22.5 L/hm2、农药剂量80%）与KES人工施药的防治效果没有显著差异。采用植保无人机施药防治稻纵卷叶螟,施药液量22.5 L/hm2可以获得更好的雾滴沉积和稻纵卷叶螟防治效果;施药液量22.5 L/hm2时,减少20%的农药剂量也能保证稻纵卷叶螟防治效果。该结果对水稻田间植保无人机减量施药具有实践指导意义。 相似文献
10.
无人植保机施药雾滴空间质量平衡测试方法 总被引：3，自引：10，他引：3
为了研究精准作业参数(速度、高度)下的无人植保机施药雾滴空间分布和下旋气流场特性,该文提出了一种无人机施药雾滴空间质量平衡测试试验方法,并且使用该方法对3种无人机进行了田间实际试验研究,结果表明:该方法可以有效获得准确飞行速度和高度下无人机施药雾滴空间分布情况和下旋气流场分布情况,在平均风速1.7 m/s、平均气温31.5℃、平均相对湿度34.1%的条件下,飞行高度2.5 m、速度5.0 m/s时,3WQF80-10型无人机喷雾作业雾滴在上风向部、顶部、下风向部和底部的平均分布比例为4.4%,2.3%,50.4%和43.7%;CG-Q60S型无人机雾滴在4个方向上平均分布比例为2.5%,1.5%,43.2%和52.8%;LXD8-3WD10型无人机雾滴在4个方向上平均分布比例为1.9%,2.0%,21.9%和74.7%。雾滴空间质量平衡分布规律符合下旋气流场分布规律,无人机下旋气流风场的测量是分析雾滴在空间不同部位分布的重要手段。研究结果可为低空低量无人植保机施药技术研究和建立无人植保机低空低量施药田间雾滴沉积与飘失测试标准提供参考。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献