共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Soils of Mound Hedges in Schleswig-Holstein I. Classification and Genesis In typical landscapes of Schleswig-Holstein soils of mound hedges were investigated (FAO (1989): Cumulic Anthrosol). New soils have been developed from the deposit of the mound hedge in less than 250 years. A classification with regard to the German classification of natural soils is suggested. The soil genesis from sandy deposits has reached the step of Dystric Regosols, groundwater has induced gleyic features. Soil genesis could be described chronologically, if time of deposition of these mound hedges is known. Some of the natural soils are conserved below the deposit. Pedogenesis in an area, changed by man, could be reconstructed. This is why systematic, scientific soil investigations of mound hedges may be very interesting. 相似文献
2.
Isotopic composition of sulfur from sulfates in loess sediments of the North Caucasus region was studied. It proved to be very homogenous within the vertical soil-loess sequences and in the lateral direction: the δ34S values in the studied samples varied from 7.8 to 8.3‰. The origin of sulfates in the soil-loess sequences is related to their deposition from different sources in solonchaks of the Black Sea-Caspian region with further mixing of sulfur and its eolian transport toward the areas of loess deposition. The gypsiferous horizons of studied soils were formed under the impact of the eluvial-illuvial redistribution of salts deposited from the atmosphere onto the soil surface. 相似文献
3.
Zhao Dawei T. Larssen Zhang Dongbao Gao Shidong R.D. Vogt H.M. Seip O.J. Lund 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1733-1738
Chongqing is among the heaviest polluted cities in China. Combustion of coal with relatively high sulfur content causes high sulfur emission and deposition in the area. Effects on soils and waters of the acid deposition in the Chongqing area have been studied in the field at a forested site outside the city. Deposition chemistry and fluxes, soil and soil water chemistry as well as surface water chemistry are presented for the period 1996–1998. There are some stress symptoms at the forest in the area and severe forest damage has been reported at Nanshan, closer to Chongqing center. Monitoring of the acidification situation in the area must be followed closely as impacts may be expected if the deposition is not reduced in the future. The deposition of sulfur, H+ as well as calcium at the site is high. Wet deposition of sulfur is estimated to 4.7 – 5.7 g S m?2 yr?1 during the three years sampled; dry deposition is probably of similar size. Annual volume-weighted pH in bulk deposition was 4.0 – 4.2 and the calcium wet deposition flux was 2.6 – 3.6 g Ca2+ m?2. There are considerable seasonal variations in the concentrations, related to the seasonal variations in precipitation amount (dry winter, wet summer). The soils at the site are acid with median base saturation of 12% and 8% in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. In soil water, aluminum concentrations are typically in the range 3–8 mg L?1. However, due to the high base cation deposition, the Al/(Ca2++Mg2+) molar ratio is below unity in most samples, indicating little damage of forest due to aluminum in soil water. 相似文献
4.
Volatilization of sulfur from unamended and sulfate-treated soils was studied by sensitive gas chromatographic techniques using a flame photometric detector fitted with a sulfur filter. The soils employed were surface samples of 25 Iowa soils selected to obtain a wide range in properties. No release of volatile sulfur compounds was detected when 11 of these soils were incubated under aerobic or waterlogged conditions before or after treatment with sulfate (400 μg sulfate S/g soil). Fourteen soils released volatile sulfur compounds when incubated under waterlogged conditions before and after addition of sulfate, but only 4 of these soils released volatile sulfur compounds when incubated under aerobic conditions. Where volatilization of sulfur was observed, the volatile sulfur detected was identified as dimethyl sulfide or as dimethyl sulfide associated with smaller amounts of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and (or) dimethyl disulfide. No trace of hydrogen sulfide was detected. Where release of volatile sulfur was observed, the amount of sulfur volatilized at 30°C in 60 days under aerobic or waterlogged conditions was very small and did not account for more than 0–05% of the sulfur in the unamended or sulfate-treated soils studied. It is concluded that gaseous loss of sulfur from unamended or sulfate-treated soils is insignificant under conditions likely to be encountered in the field. 相似文献
5.
Lothar Beyer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1995,158(3):279-285
Soils of Mound Hedges in Schleswig-Holstein. II. Composition and Transformation of Soil Organic Matter Two Cumulic Anthrosols of mound hedges and the fossil A-horizons below the deposits, were investigated by means of wet chemistry and 13C-NMR spectroscopy in order to characterize soil organic matter (SOM) and to compare their SOM with natural and recent soils. The bulk humus of the Cumulic Anthrosols contains a high amount of easily soluble polysaccharides. Despite their high bioavailability sugars, starch and mobile fulvic acids are not completely consumed by microorganisms and translocated into the subsoil. The initial phase of podzolization is indicated due to this process and the very low pH-level of the soils. After deposition about 30 % of the soil carbon in the A-horizons is mineralized. Litter compounds are predominantly decomposed, whereas humic compounds are selectively preserved or newly synthesized. The significance of the humic compounds in the soil organic matter increases after deposition. This is why the potential cation exchange capacity of the fossil Ahorizons is similar to this of the recent ones. 相似文献
6.
硫是作物生长发育所需的营养元素。根据多年多点田间试验和土壤有效硫测定,研究福建主要粮经作物的硫肥效应、土壤有效硫临界指标和耕地土壤硫肥力状况。64个田间试验表明,福建主要农作物施用硫肥平均增产10.5%,增产幅度是旱作物>水稻>香蕉;水田土壤和旱地土壤有效硫临界指标分别为23mgkg-1和25mgkg-1。根据全省372个耕层土样有效硫测定结果,土壤有效硫含量平均为27.6mgkg-1,低于土壤有效硫临界值的样品数占57.0%,其中,闽东南地区耕地土壤有效硫缺乏程度比闽西北地区高;在土地不同利用类型中,旱地土壤有效硫总体比水田匮乏,旱地土壤有效硫平均含量是茶果园>菜园>农地,其中,农地土壤有效硫低于临界指标的样品占75.3%;水田中不同土种的土壤有效硫含量以埭田最高,灰沙泥田为最低,旱地则以灰赤土最高而风沙土最低。 相似文献
7.
Tyler M. Sanderson Christopher Barton Claudia Cotton Tasios Karathanasis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(10):403
Combustion of fossil fuels has contributed to many environmental problems including acid deposition. The Clean Air Act (CAA) was created to reduce ecological problems by cutting emissions of sulfur and nitrogen. Reduced emissions and rainfall concentrations of acidic ions have been observed since the enactment of the CAA, but soils continue to receive some acid inputs. Many soils sensitive to acid deposition are found to have low pH, a loss of base cations, and a shift in the mineral phase controlling the activity of Al3+ and/or SO4 2?. If inputs continue, soil may be depleted of base cations and saturated with Al and could cause low forest productivity. Soil samples and soil solutions from pan lysimeters were taken on ridge-tops in the Daniel Boone National Forest to evaluate potential impacts of acid deposition recently and in the future. Sample results were compared to historical data from identical locations. Physicochemical characteristics of the soils revealed that sites were very low in base saturation and pH and high in exchangeable acidity, illustrating change since previously sampled. Soil solution data indicated that sites periodically received high acid inputs leading to saturation of Al in soils and the formation of Al-hydroxy-sulfate minerals. Given these conditions, long-term changes in soil chemistry from acid deposition are acknowledged. 相似文献
8.
Mo contents of some crops and grassland plants of Schleswig-Holstein in relation to soil factors . The Mo content of about 170 plant samples of typical soils of Schleswig-Holstein were in the range of 0,2–11 ppm, increasing from grass to red clover, white clover and rape. By comparison with limiting values for adequate Mo supply (0,3 ppm Mo for red clover and probably also for the other three plants), a fairly good supply of the plants investigated can be deduced. The factors responsible for the varying Mo contents of plants are first of all the pH-value, furthermore the content of active iron and available phosphorus in the soil. The different contents of oxalat-soluble Mo had apparently no influence in this range of good supply. Whereas the correlation between one soil factor and plant Mo content was high only in some cases, coefficients of determination of up to 80% resulted from the use of several factors by multiple correlation. 相似文献
9.
Soils under intensive cultivation have altered due to water erosion. This study was conducted to determine whether soil organic matter (SOM) composition of the colluvial source (Ap horizons) differs from the colluvial sink (M horizons). The SOM of a sandy Catena with erodic Cambisols and colluvic soils (Colluvisols) in Schleswig-Holstein, Northwest Germany, was investigated. A wet chemical analysis was combined with CPMAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In one case a significant correlation between the SOM composition of the Ap horizon of the erodic Cambisol and the M horizon of the Colluvisol was high (r2 = 0.904-), whereas the correlation for the other set was much weaker (r2 = 0.640*). Two possible paths of pedogenesis are discussed. About 70% of the SOM of the colluvial source is decomposed during translocation or after deposition. A selective preservation or new formation of humins in the M material is probable. These humins contain, obviously, large amounts of polysaccharides, which were not detected by the wet chemical analysis. Further investigations of colluvic and erodic soils are necessary in order to specify the SOM quality and its possible modification due to soil translocation and accumulation. 相似文献
10.
Transformation and availability of rock phosphate (Hyperphos) compared with other fertilizer phosphates under controlled temperature and moisture conditions . In order to characterize the efficient portion of a fertilizer after transformation in soil, in samples of typical soils of Schleswig-Holstein the easily mobilizable and the mobile P-content were investigated with specific extractants. The transformation under controlled varied temperature and moisture conditions results first (besides in mobile phosphates) in easily mobilizable Ca-phosphate. In acid soils this changes gradually into Al- and Fe-phosphate the content of which decreases due to ageing (transformation into hardly mobilizable forms). The pH is the most important factor influencing the kind of transformation whereas high temperature and moisture content mainly increase speed and extent (high temperature accelerating especially the ageing process). The water soluble phosphate is less influenced by temperatur and moisture. The best efficiency of rock phosphates results from rapid transformation (promoted by low pH) into easily mobilizable soil phosphate followed by an ageing-retarding constellation of factors such as low temperature and moisture. 相似文献
11.
江苏省如皋市土壤中量元素含量有效性评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为平衡施肥提供依据,本文应用GPS定位技术采集了江苏省如皋市290个代表性土样,并对土样中钙、镁、硫、硅4种中量元素有效态含量进行了检测和评价。结果显示,全市土壤交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫和有效硅平均含量分别为4 570、403、26和144 mg/kg。如皋市土壤交换性钙、镁含量丰富,但在各土系土壤间分布不均。有效硫和有效硅同时存在缺乏和过高现象。整体来看,有近1%的土壤缺硅,约14%的土壤缺硫。土壤交换性镁和有效硅的含量为中等变异,交换性钙和有效硫的含量属于高度变异。相关分析显示,4种中量元素有效性与土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量存在不同程度的相关性。如皋市土壤中量元素有效性不仅与成土母质关系密切,同时受土壤理化性状以及肥料施用的重要影响。今后中量元素肥料的施用应考虑多种因素,以实现平衡施肥。 相似文献
12.
Critical loads of acid deposition for ecosystems in South China are derived by synthesizing the critical loads of acid deposition for soils, the critical loads of SO2 dry deposition for ecosystems, as well their exceedance. The results show in the southeast of Sichuan province around Chongqing municipality, the central and north of Guizhou province around Guiyang municipality, and the most areas of Jiangsu province, both the critical loads for soils and critical loads of SO2 dry deposition are exceeded. In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and some areas among Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, the critical loads of SO2 dry deposition is the only restricting factor. There is no area where the critical load for soil is the only restricting factor in South China, so only the critical load for soil is not enough to be the basis to make sulfur abatement scheme. 相似文献
13.
Sulfur status of selected European forest soils as dependent on the atmospheric S deposition Along a transect from the Pyrenees (SP), over the Vosges Mountains (FR), the Black Forest and the Bavarian Forest (D). and the eastern Ore Mountains to the Iser-Mountains (CR) 10 representative forest soil forms derived from granite regolith and 1 developed from gneiss debris (Dystric Cambisols, Leptic and Ferro-Humic Podzols) at montane and high-montane elevation were analyzed for their concentrations and amounts of total sulfur and various S fractions in order to study the impact of the atmospheric sulfur input, increasing from SW to NE, on the soil sulfur characteristics. Soils receiving low S inputs are generally characterized by low amounts of inorganic (especially water soluble) sulfate. Most of their total S amount consists of organic sulfur. With increasing S deposition, the concentrations of total S and C-S and the ratios St/Corg, C-S/Corg and SO4?Stor/Corg in the L-. Of- and Oh-horizons increase. The Aeh- and Ah-horizons of Cambisols and Podzols under different sulfur load do not differ with regard to the S parameters. The B horizons of the northeastern soils affected by high sulfur deposition, however, are markedly enriched with adsorbed and water-soluble sulfate and show comparably high ratios of sulfate S versus dithionite-extractable iron. 相似文献
14.
选取霍林河下游向海沼泽湿地为研究对象,采用重力沉积芯采样钻钻孔采样方法,采集了2个沉积柱芯共78个样品,对不同粒级沉积物全硫与有效硫及TOC,pH在剖面中的分布进行高分辨率研究。结果表明,芦苇沼泽与沼泽化草甸沉积物全硫与有效硫平均含量高值均出现在细粒,即粉砂与黏土粒级中。向海湿地沉积物全硫接近于世界土壤中硫的平均含量700 mg/kg。虽然程度不同,但不同粒径沉积物除剖面特殊层序外均呈现出一定的分层性:即从上到下,全硫的含量呈递减趋势,并且硫主要富集在草根层。沉积物中有机质含量对沉积物中硫的贡献起着十分重要的作用,一般而言,有机质含量高,总硫、有效硫含量也高,反之亦然。但随沉积环境不同,并非每种粒径沉积物中硫与有机质都有很大相关性。 相似文献
15.
16.
不同土壤水分状况下遮蔽对棉花叶片气体交换的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An incubation experiment was carried out in laboratory to study the effect of temperature,moisture,phosphorus,organic matter,cropping and previous elemental sulfur application on elemental sulfur oxidation in four selected soils,fluvo-aquic soil,black soil,yellow-brown soil and red soil,In all the soils tested,sulfur oxidation rate was influenced by temperature and the temperature coefficient(Q10) values at the range from 10 to 30℃ were 4.41,,6.19 and 3.71 for the four soils,respectively.The rate of sulfur oxidation was parabolically related to soil water content.The optimum moisture content for the maximum oxiation rate was different among soils,Phosphorus increased the oxidation rate of elemental sulfur by 57.7%,33.1%,21.7% and 26.4% for the above four soils,respectively,compared with the control (no phosphorus applied).Organic material of corn straw which was gound and passed through a 0.5-mm sieve also increased th oxidation rate of elemental sulfur in the four soils by 59.8%,7.8%,39.2% and 540.4%,respectively.Elemental sulfur which was applied previously to soils significantly enhanced the oxidation of elemental sulfur subsequently added and increased sulfur-oxidizing populations such as autotrophic elemental sulfur oxidizers with pH optimum 6.8,autotrophic thiosufate oxidizers with pH optimum 6.8,heterotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers and heterotrophic sulfate producers.Cropping had little effect on elemental sulfur-oxidizing potentiality of soils. 相似文献
17.
在湖北兴山、当阳、郧县、襄樊、沙市、孝昌、武汉西郊和湖大、崇阳、罗田等 1 0个地点 ,自 1 996年 1月至 1 998年 6月按季度收集降水样品 ,测定硫含量。研究表明各地降水中SO42 - 浓度年均值及降水对农田的供硫量逐年增大 ;绝大多数地点每年 4季度至次年 1季度降水总硫量高于当年 2、3季度降水总硫量 ,因而对越冬作物影响明显超过对夏季作物影响。由于多数地点土壤持硫能力低 ,土壤有效硫不足 ,故降水中的硫可对作物带来有利的生态影响。然而 ,在降水供硫量大的鄂东南棕红壤酸性土壤地区 ,酸雨可能是促使土壤更酸和产生其他环境生态问题的潜在威胁。 相似文献
18.
In Schleswig-Holstein, F.R.G., two typical soil associations from loamy boulder marl and loamy pleistocene sands were mapped and ecologically characterized in order to show the necessity of an adequate classification of Colluvic Cumulic Anthrosols (Colluvisols). More than 50% of the original soils have been altered by erosion. The depth of the colluvic wM horizon ranges between 10 cm and more than 100 cm. The amounts of soil organic matter and plant available nutrients are much higher in the Colluvisols than in the haplic soils. Soil classification does not deal with all these aspects with regard to mapping of colluvic soils. In the German soil classification adequate and ecologically significant definitions and instructions of the nomenclature of colluvic soils are not available. Therefore, a proposal is presented to classify colluvic soils. In addition the threshold value of 0.6% soil organic matter in sandy parent material is too low in order to distinguish a Bv from a M horizon; 1.0% would be a more acceptable value. It would be necessary to investigate yield on erodic, non-erodic and colluvic soils in order to determine the effect of erosion and accumulation on crop yield. 相似文献
19.
以硫铜矿尾矿区域土壤和库区周边受污染的农田土壤为研究对象,采用Tessier连续提取法研究了二乙三胺五醋酸(DTPA)萃取前后受污染土壤中的重金属Pb、Cu的形态变化。结果表明,两类污染土壤中的重金属Pb、Cu的形态分布各有差异,矿区土壤Pb、Cu主要以残渣态为主,农田土壤以有机结合态为主。在0.01molL-1浓度的条件下,DTPA对供试土壤Pb的萃取能力较其对Cu萃取能力强;经DTPA萃取后土壤中Pb、Cu的残渣态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、交换态的含量分别有所下降。两种类型土壤中Pb、Cu残渣态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、交换态变幅表现各异;矿区土壤和农田土壤中Cu的有机结合态含量有所增加,矿区土壤和农田土壤中Pb的有机结合态含量却表现各异,矿区土壤其含量有所增加,而农田土壤其含量却明显减少。 相似文献
20.
Ichikawa Yoichi Hayami Hiroshi Sugiyama Taishi Amann Markus Schöpp Wolfgang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):301-306
In order to contribute to the analysis and solution of regional scale environmental problems in East Asia, we developed a tool for the comprehensive assessment of alternative policy options to improve air quality. This tool projects the future regional energy supply, calculates the emission levels of sulfur dioxide and estimates the geographical pattern of sulfur deposition resulting from emissions. Sulfur deposition in Japan through 2030 was forecasted for various energy supply and emission control scenarios using the analysis tool. Future sulfur depositions were calculated from the source-receptor matrix for 1995 and the growth rate of emission for the source subregion. In the case of the current legislation scenario, anthropogenic SO2 emissions in East Asia would grow by 34 percent and sulfur deposition in Japan would increase by approximately 20 percent between 1995 and 2030. This increase in sulfur deposition over these 35 years is sligthly less than the contribution from volcanic emission to sulfur deposition in Japan. In the case of the hypothetical dirty scenario for China, sulfur deposition in several grids which face the Sea of Japan would double by 2030. 相似文献