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1.
中国美利奴羊不同时期卵巢组织cDNA消减文库(SSH)的构建及序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
季节性发情是制约我国绵羊(Ovis aries)产业发展的重要因素之一。母羊卵巢是重要的生殖器官,卵巢组织中周期性特异表达的基因很有可能直接或间接影响母羊的季节性发情。为探讨绵羊季节性发情的分子遗传机制,本研究采用抑制性消减杂交技术构建了发情期发情和未发情中国美利奴羊卵巢组织差异表达的消减cDNA文库。随机取样386个阳性克隆,经PCR鉴定获得有效克隆306个,测序后获得126条非冗余序列;用BLAST在线序列软件与GenBank、GenBank EST等数据库进行同源性序列比较,发现其中有21个未知序列,可能是和中国美利奴羊季节性产羔性状相关的新基因。从文库中选择差异表达的视黄酸受体应答1基因(RARRES1)、胸腺素β4基因(TMSB4X)、翻译延长因子基因(EEF1A1)、前胸腺素α基因(PTMA)以及12号和89号基因,在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、卵巢、输卵管、下丘脑和垂体中对上述6种基因进行组织表达谱分析。结果发现,TMSB4X、PTMA、EEF1A1和12号基因在上述组织中均有表达,而RARRES1和89号基因仅在中国美利奴羊卵巢组织中高表达。为了进一步验证研究结果,对RARRES1、TMSB4X、EEF1A1、PTMA、12号和89号基因进行实时定量PCR检测,结果显示,上述基因在发情中国美利奴羊卵巢组织中的表达量显著高于未发情绵羊。本研究筛选出调控中国美利奴羊季节性繁殖相关的候选基因,为进一步研究卵巢功能与绵羊季节性繁殖相互作用的分子机制提供了基础资料。 相似文献
2.
促甲状腺激素受体(thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, TSHR)在光周期介导的哺乳动物季节性繁殖过程中起着非常重要的作用,但在绵羊(Ovis aries)中的遗传特性与分子机制仍不明晰.本研究以筛选的绵羊TSHR基因第10外显子T481C位点SNP为候选分子标记,利用多聚酶链式反应-单链构象多态(polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymerase,PCR-SSCP)技术,检测该位点在繁殖特性不同的阿勒泰羊、中国美利奴羊、萨福克羊、多浪羊以及湖羊和小尾寒羊群体中的多态性.结果表明,绵羊TSHR基因在第10外显子481 bp处发生了T-C突变,为同义突变,SSCP检测出3种基因型:TT、TC和CC,T481C位点的TT基因型在常年发情的湖羊、小尾寒羊和多浪羊群体中属于优势基因型,而在季节性繁殖的阿勒泰羊、萨福克羊和中国美利奴羊群体中比率最低,仅为8％;方差分析结果表明,常年发情的多浪羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊群体T481C位点的基因型频率与季节性繁殖的阿勒泰羊、萨福克羊和中国美利奴羊存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).研究结果提示,绵羊TSHR基因第10外显子T481C位点多态性在常年发情与季节性繁殖绵羊群体中分布存在较大差异,该SNP可作为一个理想的分子标记应用于常年发情绵羊品种选育. 相似文献
3.
4.
骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15)作为绵羊(Ovis aries)繁殖性状的重要调控因子,但其具体作用机制尚不完全清楚.为探究BMP15基因组织表达水平及BMP15基因突变与不同绵羊品种繁殖力之间的关系,本研究选择多羔品种(小尾寒羊)和单羔品种(滩羊和苏尼特羊)作对比,应用RT-PCR和qRT-PCR技术研究BMP15基因组织表达谱以及在不同绵羊品种卵巢组织表达差异;选择不同产羔率水平的多个绵羊群体,采用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析(polymerase chain reactionsingle strand conformation polymorphism,PCR-SSCP)和测序技术检测BMP15的3个突变(FecXGr,FecXO和G971A).结果发现,BMP15主要表达于绵羊卵巢、输卵管、子宫、脾脏、十二指肠、骨骼肌和皮下脂肪组织,且在卵巢组织表达丰度明显高于其他组织;绵羊BMP15在3个品种卵巢组织的表达量存在差异,且小尾寒羊(多羔品种)表达量显著低于滩羊和苏尼特羊(单羔品种)(P＜0.05),滩羊和苏尼特羊差异不显著(P＞0.05);最新发现的绵羊BMP15 3个突变(FecXGr,FecXO和G971A)在16个绵羊群体均未检测到.研究结果提示,绵羊BMP15在卵巢组织中高表达,表达水平与绵羊排卵和产羔数呈负相关.本研究可为揭示绵羊高繁殖力调控因子BMP 15的作用机制提供数据参考. 相似文献
5.
研究表明,2型脱碘酶基因(typeⅡiodothyronine deiodinase gene,DIO2)和3型脱碘酶基因(type Ⅲiodothyronine deiodinase gene,DIO3)对啮齿动物(Rodentia)和绵羊(Ovis aries)的季节性繁殖活动具有重要调控作用.本研究选择常年发情济宁青山羊(Capra hircus)和季节性发情辽宁绒山羊(C.hircus)作为实验对象,应用反转录PCR和定量PCR技术分别对两个基因的组织表达谱及繁殖轴组织中两个基因的表达差异进行检测分析.研究发现,(1)DIO2基因在所研究的24个组织都有一定量表达,DIO3基因主要在小脑、海马、下丘脑、垂体、脑桥以及卵巢和肾上腺等表达,品种间两基因组织表达谱相似;(2)济宁青山羊垂体DIO2基因表达量显著高于辽宁绒山羊(P＜0.05),下丘脑、卵巢表达量也均高于辽宁绒山羊,但两品种间差异不显著(P＞0.05),子宫表达量显著低于辽宁绒山羊(P＜0.05);(3)对于下丘脑组织DIO3基因,则济宁青山羊表达量比辽宁绒山羊明显要高(P＜0.05),而对于卵巢和子宫DIO3基因表达量,则济宁青山羊明显比辽宁绒山羊低(P＜0.05),济宁青山羊垂体DIO3基因表达量低于辽宁绒山羊,但两品种间差异不显著(P＞0.05).本研究提示DIO2和DIO3基因可能与山羊季节性繁殖调控有关,研究结果可为初步揭示山羊繁殖季节性分子调控机制提供参考. 相似文献
6.
新疆多浪羊FecB突变检测及与产羔数的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
骨形态发生蛋白受体IB基因(BMPR-IB)FecB突变是影响布鲁拉美利奴和小尾寒羊高繁殖力的主效基因.本研究采集产双羔及以上的多浪羊(Ovis aries)母羊135只及后代羔羊血样共353份,公羊血样211份,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测FecB突变,并分析不同基因型个体母羊的产羔数.结果表明:在多浪羊群体中检测到BB、B+和++基因型,基因型频率分别为0.005,0.146和0.849.B+型多浪羊产羔数均值比++型多0.51只(P<0.01),BB型多浪羊产羔数分别与B+和++型差异不显著.多浪羊群体在FecB位点上处于Hard-Weinberg平衡状态,表明在该位点上没有受到选择的影响.本研究首次在新疆多浪羊群体中发现了FecB突变BB基因型公、母羊个体(1只公羊和2只母羊),揭示多浪羊多羔产生的机理可能与布鲁拉美利奴和小尾寒羊相同,在生产过程中可以根据携带FecB突变的情况开展选种选配,组建多浪羊肉用高繁品系. 相似文献
8.
对常年发情的绵羊品种小尾寒羊和季节性发情的绵羊品种多赛特羊共20只母羊的褪黑激素受体1A(melatonin receptor 1A，MTNR1A)基因外显子2的824 bp扩增产物进行了克隆测序及序列比较分析。结果表明, 小尾寒羊MTNR1A基因外显子2的核苷酸序列与已发表的绵羊序列(GenBank登录号U14109)完全相同。小尾寒羊与多赛特羊MTNR1A基因外显子2的差异由5个变化的核苷酸(分别为C329T、G355T、C566T、C580A和A675G)组成，核苷酸同源性为99.4%。小尾寒羊与山羊、母牛、猪、人、小鼠、挪威大鼠、西伯利亚仓鼠和鸡之间MTNR1A基因外显子2的核苷酸序列同源性为73.2%～98.5%，氨基酸序列同源性为78.5%～98.5%。 相似文献
10.
糖基化依赖细胞粘附分子(GlyCAM-1)是粘液素(mucin)糖蛋白家族的成员,是乳腺细胞合成的一种乳脂球膜蛋白(MFGMPs)的重要组成部分。GlyCAM-1在乳腺发育和泌乳中发挥着重要作用,为探究该基因的序列特征、核苷酸序列变异和表达特征,以高泌乳量的小尾寒羊(泌乳高峰期和空怀期)和低泌乳量的甘肃高山细毛羊(泌乳高峰期)的乳腺组织为研究对象,利用克隆测序、RT-qPCR、生物信息学等方法克隆绵羊GlyCAM-1基因的编码区,分析GlyCAM-1的理化性质和蛋白质结构,并检测GlyCAM-1基因的组织表达特性。结果表明,绵羊的GlyCAM-1基因CDS区全长465 bp,编码154个氨基酸。测序结果表明,在该基因CDS区检测到7个SNPs,其中2个为同义突变,5个为错义突变。GlyCAM-1二级结构主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,延伸链则散布于整个蛋白质结构中。String分析结果表明,GlyCAM-1蛋白与CD34、MadCAM-1都作为L-选择素(L-selectin)的配体发挥作用;RT-qPCR结果表明,GlyCAM-1基因表达具有组织特异性、品种特异性和时空特异性,乳腺、心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢和背最长肌8个组织中,GlyCAM-1基因只在乳腺和肺脏组织中表达,在其余6个组织中均不表达,其中乳腺中的表达量最高;在泌乳高峰期的乳腺组织中,GlyCAM-1在高泌乳量的小尾寒羊中的表达量显著高于甘肃高山细毛羊(P<0.05);在小尾寒羊的乳腺组织中,GlyCAM-1在泌乳高峰期的表达量极显著高于空怀期(P<0.01)。本研究结果丰富了绵羊基因组数据,为深入研究GlyCAM-1基因的泌乳生物学功能及其机理提供了基础数据。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献