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1.
从新疆石河子地区3种花卉上采集的150份白粉病株样本中分离出白粉菌重寄生真菌,对代表性菌株进行形态特征观察与ITS-rDNA序列分析：分离物的分生孢子器深棕色,多聚生,大小为（40.66～82.92）μm×（34.65～63.05）μm;分生孢子单胞、无色,两端含油球,大小为（3.88～5.67）μm×（2.19～2.75）μm;菌株的ITS-rDNA序列与Ampelomyces quisqualis序列的同源性达94%～100%,由此将其鉴定为白粉寄生孢（A. quisqualis）。测定该菌对荷兰菊白粉病菌的重寄生效能及控病效果,发现供试的12个菌株均可寄生于荷兰菊白粉病菌上,平均重寄生指数为26.21;菌株As-81和Rh-60对白粉病的防效较好,分别为46.62%和46.15%。 相似文献
2.
为了解桑里白粉病菌的重寄生真菌种类,通过分离和寄生性验证,获得2个桑里白粉病菌重寄生真菌菌株HP8和HP9,这两个菌株寄生闭囊壳后,子囊及子囊孢子溃解。菌株HP8菌落绿色,菌丝体无色至褐色,菌丝有隔膜,分生孢子梗结节状膨大,分生孢子椭圆形、单胞、褐色或无色,ITS序列（MT463536）与尖孢枝孢Cladosporium oxysporum（MF135506）同源性为100%,系统进化树分析发现菌株HP8与尖孢枝孢（MF135506）聚在一起;菌株HP9菌落白色,菌丝无色,分生孢子月牙形、单胞、无色,ITS序列（MT463537）与刀孢蜡蚧菌Lecanicillium psalliotae（KC881072）同源性为99%,在系统进化树中,菌株HP9与刀孢蜡蚧菌（KC881072）聚在一起。结合形态特征和ITS序列分析,鉴定出菌株HP8和HP9分别为尖孢枝孢和刀孢蜡蚧菌。高通量测序结果表明,病桑叶在室内保存4个月后,桑里白粉病菌的重寄生真菌为刀孢蜡蚧菌。 相似文献
3.
番茄白粉病的病原菌鉴定 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
作者在吉林省长春市温室中发现了番茄白粉病,对其病原菌进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定。根据分生孢子形态和萌发特性将该菌鉴定为新番茄粉孢菌(Oidium neolycopersici Kiss)。分生孢子椭圆形,无色,单生于分生孢子梗顶端。分生孢子梗直立,简单不分枝,无色,脚胞圆柱形,有时略弯曲,上面通常有1~2个细胞。分生孢子侧面萌发,芽管末端产生裂片状或直筒状附着胞。附着胞乳突状或浅裂片状。未发现有闭囊壳。采用分子生物学方法,对该病原菌rDNAITS区进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,测得序列与O. neolycopersici同源性为100%。由O. neolycopersici引起的番茄白粉病国内未见报道。 相似文献
4.
白粉寄生孢寄生黄瓜白粉菌的特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用白粉寄生孢（Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces.AQ）接种离体条件下赛璐酚上黄瓜白粉菌［Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht)Poll.］和活体条件下黄瓜白粉菌后,通过棉兰染色和显微观察分析,初步明确了白粉寄生孢的侵染寄生过程。白粉寄生孢分生孢子产生芽管可入侵黄瓜白粉菌的分生孢子、菌丝、分生孢子梗;有时黄瓜白粉菌串生的分生孢子、分生孢子梗可被2~3条白粉寄生孢的菌丝寄生,随着寄生过程的进一步发展,黄瓜白粉菌的分生孢子梗基部膨大成无色的椭圆形或球形,其上逐渐产生由黄色至褐色的白粉寄生孢的分生孢子器,器内含有大量的分生孢子。 相似文献
5.
6.
2020年,在由斯里兰卡入境的甘蔗种茎中发现多条发病蔗茎。通过分离培养获得菌株,对菌株进行形态学鉴定、序列比对、系统进化分析和致病性测定。结果表明,该菌株形态与暗色座腔孢菌Phaeocytostroma sacchari相符。用引物ITS1和ITS4进行核酸序列扩增,获得约536 bp的目的片段,所获菌株km-1序列与P. sacchari一致性为100%;经系统进化分析发现,菌株km-1与暗色座腔孢菌聚在同一个进化分支。致病性接种结果表明,接种后的甘蔗具茎腐病典型症状,内部组织变为橙红色,并再次分离出暗色座腔孢菌。根据形态学、分子鉴定和致病性测定结果,确证分离到的甘蔗茎腐病的病原菌是给南非和印度甘蔗种植国家带来严重损失的暗色座腔孢菌。 相似文献
7.
甘肃定西地区甘蓝枯萎病病原菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
自2009年起,甘肃定西地区出现了甘蓝植株矮化、叶片黄化、枯萎甚至死亡的现象。2015年8月,我们采集了田间病株样本,使用常规组织分离法对病原菌进行了分离和纯化,依据柯赫氏法则进行了病原菌确认,并通过形态学和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明病原菌的形态学特征与尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum一致,其rDNA-ITS、rDNA-IGS以及EF-1α序列与尖孢镰刀菌F.oxysporum相似性达99%,基于病原菌及尖孢镰刀菌各代表专化型EF-1α序列构建的系统发育树将该菌与尖孢镰刀菌黏团专化型F.oxysporum f.sp.conglutinans聚为一类,故引致甘肃定西地区甘蓝枯萎病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌黏团专化型F.oxysporum f.sp.conglutinans。 相似文献
8.
马铃薯早疫病病原菌鉴定及其对不同药剂的敏感性 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了明确马铃薯早疫病病原菌及其对不同药剂的敏感性,2009~2011年从河北省5个县采集180个早疫病样,以常规方法进行分离与纯化。根据病原菌的形态特征和致病性,结合其rDNA-ITS区域的序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定病原菌对不同药剂的敏感性。结果分离到两种菌（A、B）,分离比例为4:6。致病性测定证实分离菌A和B均为马铃薯早疫病病原菌。经形态学鉴定,初步认定A为茄链格孢（Alternaria solani）,B为链格孢（Alternaria alternata）。采用通用引物ITS1/ITS4对病原菌A和B的rDNA-ITS序列区扩增并测序,通过与GenBank数据库比对,A与A.solani同源性为98%,B与A.alternata 的同源性达100%。两种病原菌对咯菌腈、吡唑醚菌酯、啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑等药剂的敏感性差异极显著,而对异菌脲的敏感性差异不显著。因此,将河北省马铃薯早疫病菌鉴定为茄链格孢（A.solani)和链格孢（A.alternata）,二者对同一药剂的敏感性不同。 相似文献
9.
玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）是由镰孢菌产生的真菌毒素,该毒素具有雌性激素生物活性。PKS4基因是禾谷镰孢菌中玉米赤霉烯酮生物合成途径中的必需基因。根据PKS4基因序列,设计一对PKS4基因特异性引物,通过检测PKS4基因的存在间接检测ZEN毒素的产生。特异引物在禾谷镰孢菌菌株以及被禾谷镰孢菌侵染的小麦籽粒中都能稳定地扩增出大小为1 076 bp的特异片段,扩增片段与PKS4基因（DQ019316）相同区段序列相似性达99.63%。同时,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）验证了PCR的检测结果,证明了该技术的可靠性。 相似文献
10.
寄生于枫杨白粉病菌上的重寄生物,经过调查研究,确定为芽枝孢(Cladosporium)的一个种。经与近似的重寄生芽枝孢比较,存在形态上和培养特性方面的区别,因此,确定应另立新种,称为粉霉芽枝孢(C.erysiphicola sp.nov.)。该菌不但能寄生于枫杨白粉病菌上,还能侵染枸杞白粉病菌及小麦白粉病菌等。对上述几种白粉病菌分生孢子的侵染,出现穿入孢子、缠绕菌丝、腐蚀孢子及使孢子萎缩等现象,有希望作为一种生物防治剂。该菌在培养基PSA及PDA上生长繁殖良好,其分生孢子除在不同营养液中萌发外,在蒸馏水中也能萌发。萌发的温度在27℃左右。 相似文献
11.
The salicylic acid-dependent defence pathway is effective against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The role of salicylic acid (SA) was investigated in basal defence and induced resistance to powdery mildew ( Oidium neolycopersici ) and grey mould ( Botrytis cinerea ) in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) and tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ). A comparison of NahG transgenic tomato and tobacco (unable to accumulate SA) to their respective wild types revealed that in tomato, SA was not involved in basal defence against O. neolycopersici but NahG tobacco showed an enhanced susceptibility to O. neolycopersici infection, the effect becoming more obvious as the plants grew older. In contrast, SA played no role in the basal defence of tobacco against B. cinerea , but seemed to contribute to basal defence of tomato against B. cinerea. Activation of the SA-dependent defence pathway via benzothiadiazole (BTH) resulted in induced resistance against O. neolycopersici in tobacco but not in tomato. Microscopic analysis revealed that BTH treatment could prevent penetration of the Oidium germ tube through tobacco leaves, whereas penetration was successful on tomato leaves irrespective of BTH treatment. In contrast, soil or leaf treatment with BTH induced resistance against B. cinerea in tomato but not in tobacco. It is concluded that the SA-dependent defence pathway is effective against different pathogens in tomato and tobacco. 相似文献
12.
Jankovics T Bai Y Kovács GM Bardin M Nicot PC Toyoda H Matsuda Y Niks RE Kiss L 《Phytopathology》2008,98(5):529-540
Previous works indicated a considerable variation in the pathogenicity, virulence, and host range of Oidium neolycopersici isolates causing tomato powdery mildew epidemics in many parts of the world. In this study, rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns were analyzed in 17 O. neolycopersici samples collected in Europe, North America, and Japan, including those which overcame some of the tomato major resistance genes. The ITS sequences were identical in all 10 samples tested and were also identical to ITS sequences of eight previously studied O. neolycopersici specimens. The AFLP analysis revealed a high genetic diversity in O. neolycopersici and indicated that all 17 samples represented different genotypes. This might suggest the existence of either a yet unrevealed sexual reproduction or other genetic mechanisms that maintain a high genetic variability in O. neolycopersici. No clear correlation was found between the virulence and the AFLP patterns of the O. neolycopersici isolates studied. The relationship between O. neolycopersici and powdery mildew anamorphs infecting Aquilegia vulgaris, Chelidonium majus, Passiflora caerulea, and Sedum alboroseum was also investigated. These anamorphs are morphologically indistinguishable from and phylogenetically closely related to O. neolycopersici. The cross-inoculation tests and the analyses of ITS sequences and AFLP patterns jointly indicated that the powdery mildew anamorphs collected from the above mentioned plant species all represent distinct, but closely related species according to the phylogenetic species recognition. All these species were pathogenic only to their original host plant species, except O. neolycopersici which infected S. alboroseum, tobacco, petunia, and Arabidopsis thaliana, in addition to tomato, in cross-inoculation tests. This is the first genome-wide study that investigates the relationships among powdery mildews that are closely related based on ITS sequences and morphology. The results indicate that morphologically indistinguishable powdery mildews that differed in only one to five single nucleotide positions in their ITS region are to be considered as different taxa with distinct host ranges. 相似文献
13.
Matsuda Y Ikeda H Moriura N Tanaka N Shimizu K Oichi W Nonomura T Kakutani K Kusakari S Higashi K Toyoda H 《Phytopathology》2006,96(9):967-974
ABSTRACT In an attempt to physically protect greenhouse tomato plants from the powdery mildew fungus Oidium neolycopersici, we developed a new electrostatic spore precipitator in which a copper wire conductor is linked to an electrostatic generator and covered with a transparent acrylic cylinder (insulator). The conductor was negatively charged by the generator, and the electrostatic field created by the conductor was used to dielectrically polarize the insulator cylinder. The dielectrically polarized cylinder also produced an electrostatic force without a spark discharge. This force was directly proportional to the potential applied to the conductor and was used to attract conidia of the pathogen. The efficacy of this spore precipitator in protecting hydroponically cultured tomato plants from powdery mildew was evaluated in the greenhouse. The hydroponic culture troughs were covered with a cubic frame installed with the spore precipitator, and the disease progress on precipitator-guarded and unguarded seedlings was traced after the conidia were disseminated mechanically from inoculum on tomato plants. Seedlings in the guarded troughs remained uninfected during the entire experiment, in spite of rapid spread of the disease to all leaves of the unguarded seedlings. 相似文献
14.
Abiotic stress may affect plant response to pathogen attack through induced alterations in growth regulator and gene expression. Abscisic acid (ABA) mediates several plant responses to abiotic stress. The effects of drought, salt stress and ABA on the interaction of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) with the biotrophic fungus Oidium neolycopersici and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea were investigated. Drought stress resulted in a twofold increase in endogenous ABA as well as a 50% reduction in B. cinerea infection and a significant suppression of O. neolycopersici on tomato cv. Moneymaker. Salt stress did not affect B. cinerea infection, but significantly reduced infection by O. neolycopersici , with no obvious increase in endogenous ABA. Compared with the wild type, the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant was more resistant to O. neolycopersici and B. cinerea . Exogenous ABA resulted in increased susceptibility of sitiens to both pathogens, but did not increase the basal susceptibility of wild-type plants. It is concluded that, in tomato, drought and salt stress stimulate different, but possibly overlapping, pathogen-defence pathways which may not necessarily involve ABA. Meanwhile, basal endogenous ABA levels suppress the resistance of tomato to O. neolycopersici and B. cinerea , but an ABA increase above the basal level, resulting from exogenous application, does not increase susceptibility to these pathogens. 相似文献
15.
Matsuda Y Sameshima T Moriura N Inoue K Nonomura T Kakutani K Nishimura H Kusakari S Takamatsu S Toyoda H 《Phytopathology》2005,95(10):1137-1143
16.
Oidium neolycopersici causes severe powdery mildew on all aerial parts of tomato, excluding the fruit. The objective of the present work was to examine factors that influence the development of O. neolycopersici on tomato and to identify potential methods for managing tomato powdery mildew. Under controlled conditions, the highest rates of conidial germination were observed at 25 degrees C, 99% relative humidity (RH) and minimal light, and the lowest on leaves adjacent to fruits. Optimal conditions for appressoria formation were 25 degrees C, RH ranging from 33 to 99%, and 1,750 lux light intensity. More conidia were formed at 20 degrees C, 70 to 85% RH, and 5,150 lux light intensity than at 16 and 26 degrees C, 99% RH, and 480 to 1,750 lux, respectively. Conidia survived and remained capable of germination for over four months when initially incubated at lower temperatures and higher RH, as compared with their fast decline under more extreme summer shade conditions. In growth chamber experiments, disease did not develop at 28 degrees C. Within the range of 70 to 99% RH, disease was less severe under the higher RH than the drier conditions. Disease was also less severe at lower light intensities. Data collected in three commercial-like greenhouse experiments involving various climate regimes were used to draw correlations regarding the effects of temperature and RH on the development of epidemics. Severity of powdery mildew was positively correlated with the duration of the range 15 to 25 degrees C, 1 to 4 weeks before disease evaluation (BDE), RH levels of 60 to 90% at 2 to 4 weeks BDE, and RH of 50 to 60% during the week BDE. Conversely, disease was negatively correlated with the duration of temperatures in the low and high ranges (5 to 15 degrees C and 35 to 40 degrees C) at 1 to 4 weeks BDE, with the duration of RH levels of 40% and below at 1 to 4 weeks BDE, and with 50 to 60% RH during the third week BDE. High (90 to 100%) RH was also negatively correlated with disease severity. These results suggest that the combination of high temperatures and low RH may help reduce O. neolycopersici powdery mildew severity in greenhouse tomatoes. 相似文献
17.
Occurrence of New Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse Tomato Cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yoshinori MATSUDA Koichi KASHIMOTO Yoshihiro TAKIKAWA Rika AIKAMI Teruo NONOMURA Hideyoshi TOYODA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):294-298
During a year-round survey on the occurrence of powdery mildew on greenhouse-cultivated tomato plants, the disease was most
severe in June and July. All tomato plants (45 commercial cultivars and 11 breeding lines) tested were infected with the pathogen
but had different degrees of susceptibility. The pathogen was epiphytic and produced white, round pustules mainly on leaves
of tomato plants. The pathogen produced conidia singly on conidiophores and forked appressoria on inoculated tomato leaves
and seemed to be an Oidium sp. of Erysiphe polygoni type.
Received 18 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 22 July 2001 相似文献
18.
Koichi Kashimoto Yoshinori Matsuda Kazumi Matsutani Takeshi Sameshima Koji Kakutani Teruo Nonomura Kiyotsugu Okada Shin-ichi Kusakari Kengo Nakata Susumu Takamatsu Hideyoshi Toyoda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(3):176-185
A single conidium of tomato powdery mildew was isolated from heavily infected leaves of tomato (cv. Moneymaker) grown in
the greenhouse of Kinki University, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It was successively multiplied so the morphological and taxonomic
characteristics of the pathogen and its host range under high humidity conditions could be analyzed. The isolate KTP-01 of
the tomato powdery mildew optimally developed infection structures at 25°C under continuous illumination of 3500 lx. More
than 90% of the conidia germinated and developed moderately lobed appressoria. After forming haustoria, the pathogen elongated
secondary hyphae from both appressoria and conidia. The hyphae attached to leaf surfaces by several pairs of appressoria and
produced conidiophores with noncatenated conidia. In addition to its morphological similarity to Oidium neolycopersici, the phylogenetic analysis (based on the sequence of internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA) revealed that KTP-01 could
be classified into the same cluster group as O. neolycopersici. In host range studies, KTP-01 produced abundant conidia on the foliage of all tomato cultivars tested and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and it developed faint colonies accompanied by necrosis on leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum), red pepper (Capsicum annuum), petunia (Petunia × hybrida), and eggplant (S. melongena). The pathogen did not infect other plant species including Cucurubitaceae plants, which have been reported to be susceptible to some foreign isolates. Thus, the present isolate of the tomato powdery
mildew was assigned as O. neolycopersici, a pathotype different from foreign isolates of the pathogen.
Received: December 5, 2002 / Accepted: December 26, 2002
Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid (12660050) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and
Technology of Japan. We express our deepest thanks to professor Dr. Y. Sato, Toyama Prefectural University, for his kind and
valuable suggestion on taxonomic analysis of the powdery mildew pathogen described in the present study. 相似文献
19.
Characteristics and host range of tomato powdery mildew 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The anamorphic state of a powdery mildew, which first appeared on tomato in the UK in 1987, currently listed as Erysiphe orontii (anamorph Oidium violae ), was examined microscopically on both tomato and alternative hosts. Host range studies were also carried out. In 1993–95, species and cultivars of plants from 26 of the 30 families listed as hosts of E. orontii were inoculated with tomato powdery mildew in the glasshouse and assessed for susceptibility on a 0–3 scale based on degree of sporulation and growth. Thirteen families contained species or varieties that were susceptible and a total of 80 varieties, including many economically important Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae, supported sporulation to some extent (susceptibility score 1–3). Necrosis was not a constant feature of plants exhibiting resistance, as it could accompany sporulation on some susceptible varieties. Microscopic measurements showed that conidial size, conidiophore length, conidiophore foot-cell length and width, and the number of cells distal to the foot-cell were remarkably constant between samples of powdery mildew taken from tomato each year and from the various alternative hosts. Based on the production of conidia singly, the presence of nipple-shaped to moderately lobed appressoria, and occurrence of straight conidiophores, it is concluded that this fungus on tomato should more correctly be named Oidium lycopersicum until the sexual stage is discovered. The highly polyphagous nature of this powdery mildew would suggest that it represents a potential risk to UK agriculture and horticulture, but the failure to recover any powdery mildew from 120 samples of potato, including varieties Cara and Maris Piper, on which the tomato powdery mildew could sporulate in the glasshouse, suggests that environmental factors may play a key role in preventing establishment of this powdery mildew on alternative hosts on a commercial scale in the field. 相似文献