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1.
烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci 已严重危害农作物的正常生长,而新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪已被广泛用于烟粉虱的防治,但由于常年应用,致使烟粉虱对噻虫嗪产生了严重的抗性,而目前其抗药性分子机制尚不明确。本研究通过荧光定量PCR比较分析烟粉虱噻虫嗪抗性及敏感种群,发现细胞色素P450基因CYP6DV5在噻虫嗪抗性品系中的表达量为敏感品系的2.95倍,依据基因组数据库克隆该基因的全长序列,序列分析结果表明, 该基因具有细胞色素P450基因的保守结构域,属于典型的昆虫P450基因。进一步分析其在不同发育阶段和部位中的表达量,发现细胞色素P450基因CYP6DV5在烟粉虱成虫阶段和头部表达丰富,同时噻虫嗪能够显著诱导该基因的表达。通过RNA干扰试验,发现敲低CYP6DV5基因表达能够显著提高烟粉虱对噻虫嗪的敏感性。结果表明,CYP6DV5基因参与了Q型烟粉虱对噻虫嗪抗性的形成。研究结果将有助于揭示烟粉虱对噻虫嗪的抗性形成机制,并为烟粉虱的综合治理提供理论基础。 相似文献
2.
烟粉虱是一种世界性农业害虫,其防治手段以化学防治为主,新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉常年用于防治烟粉虱,田间烟粉虱已经形成严重的抗药性。本研究通过分析烟粉虱吡虫啉抗性和敏感种群,发现细胞色素CYP6EM1基因在吡虫啉抗性品系中上调了4.7倍,进而克隆了其全长基因,进行了荧光定量PCR分析,发现该基因在吡虫啉抗性烟粉虱3龄若虫期和雄虫成虫期过量表达,并且在抗性成虫胸部和腹部过量表达。最后通过RNA干扰的方法使成虫的CYP6EM1基因表达量下降了54.8%,之后发现当烟粉虱暴露于吡虫啉时死亡率显著升高了39.65%,这表明CYP6EM1与烟粉虱对吡虫啉抗性的形成相关。研究结果对于揭示烟粉虱对吡虫啉产生抗性的机制有帮助,也为烟粉虱抗性水平田间监测及烟粉虱综合治理提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
北京地区蔬菜烟粉虱种群动态及其对烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性监测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确北京地区蔬菜烟粉虱的种群发展动态及对常用烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性,为烟粉虱防治适期的确定及高效杀虫剂的选择提供基础资料及科学指导,2009年调查了北京地区春茬和秋茬蔬菜烟粉虱的种群动态,并监测了该地区2009-2011年度烟粉虱种群对3种烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,春茬蔬菜烟粉虱在5月中旬种群快速上升,持续到春茬拉秧;秋茬蔬菜烟粉虱在塑料棚内9月上旬种群数量即开始上升,露地出现时间较晚,10月中旬后种群数量下降;塑料棚内种群数量明显高于露地蔬菜烟粉虱数量。烟粉虱2009年对吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的抗药性很高,2010年和2011年抗性程度显著下降,LC50处于133.94～251.16mg/L,属中等抗性水平;而对新型杀虫剂烯啶虫胺的抗药性在近3年内持续升高,抗性倍数由6.68倍升至83.62倍,即由低抗性水平升至高抗性水平。上述调查结果表明,北京地区蔬菜烟粉虱的防治应掌握春季5月中旬前、秋季9月中旬前种群处于低密度时进行。烟粉虱对新型杀虫剂烯啶虫胺的抗药性在近三年内快速上升,生产中应注意药剂的轮换使用。 相似文献
4.
应用浸叶法研究了新疆B型烟粉虱对4类不同作用机制杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,被测种群对氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯的抗性指数分别为2100～6200和1000～2200,属于高抗性;对氯化烟酰类杀虫剂产生了低至中等抗性,对吡虫啉的抗性指数为4～86,且抗性指数呈上升趋势,对噻虫嗪的抗性指数为10～22,对啶虫脒的敏感性最佳;对昆虫生长调节剂吡丙醚的抗性指数为22～54;对阿维菌素仍然表现敏感。由此认为,拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在新疆已不再适用于烟粉虱的防治,而对受抗药性影响较小的氯化烟酰类杀虫剂(如吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和啶虫脒)、昆虫生长调节剂吡丙醚以及阿维菌素等新型杀虫剂,仍然可以限制性地在不同化合物间交替使用。 相似文献
5.
采用浸叶法分别测定了宁夏8个地区烟粉虱成虫田间种群对4类5种杀虫剂的抗性。结果表明,供试烟粉虱种群对高效氯氰菊酯已产生了中等至极高水平抗性,抗性倍数为33.31~227.98倍;对烯啶虫胺产生了中等至高水平抗性,抗性倍数为12.14~69.33倍;对毒死蜱和吡虫啉产生了低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为7.63~38.85倍和6.05~22.43倍,个别地区种群对吡虫啉尚处于敏感水平;对阿维菌素处于敏感性降低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数为4.54~13.22倍。烟粉虱对5种杀虫剂的抗性有明显的区域性,抗性最为普遍且严重的地区为贺兰新平和吴忠,其次为贺兰产业园、石嘴山大武口、中卫和永宁,而西夏区军马场、固原烟粉虱种群的抗性则相对较低。对银川3地烟粉虱抗药性监测结果表明,在5种杀虫剂中,其对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性发展最为迅速,其次为烯啶虫胺,对阿维菌素和吡虫啉的抗性发展相对较慢,而西夏区军马场和贺兰产业园种群对毒死蜱敏感性有所恢复。 相似文献
6.
新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉的抗性遗传力分析及交互抗性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用Tabashnik的域性状指标分析了新疆MEAM1(Middle-East-Asia-Minor l)烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉的抗性现实遗传力(h2)和不同致死率下的抗性发展速率,同时测定了抗性种群对不同类型杀虫剂的交互抗性。结果表明,在30%~50%较低的选择压力下,新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种连续汰选8代后,对吡虫啉的抗性上升28.01倍,抗性现实遗传力h2为0.429 7。假设田间种群现实遗传力为实验室筛选估算值的1/2,即h2=0.214 9,对新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉的抗性发展速率估算结果表明:在药剂选择压力为50%~60%下,若使其对吡虫啉的抗性增长10倍,则需要生长10~8代;而在药剂选择压力为70%~90%下,若使其抗性增长10倍,则仅需要生长6~4代。表明新疆MEAM1烟粉虱隐种对吡虫啉产生抗性的风险很大。交互抗性测定结果显示:抗性种群对同类型的杀虫剂吡虫清和噻虫嗪分别产生了10.78倍和4.75倍的中等至低水平交互抗性;对多杀菌素、毒死蜱、吡丙醚和高效氯氰菊酯的敏感性有所降低;对阿维菌素、氟啶虫胺腈和乙基多杀菌素等杀虫剂则无交互抗性。 相似文献
7.
建立了采用玻璃管药膜法检测柑橘木虱成虫对杀虫剂敏感性的测定方法，并采用该方法检测了4个柑橘木虱田间种群对4类6种不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明:柑橘木虱对噻虫啉、噻虫嗪和毒死蜱的抗性在0.57~3.07倍之间，尚处于敏感状态；但广西灵川种群对吡虫啉产生了18.90倍抗性，已处于中等抗性水平，同时，灵川种群对高效氯氟氰菊酯产生了9.72倍抗性，而且，广西灵川和广西永福种群已对新型杀虫剂氟啶虫胺腈产生了低水平抗性，抗性达5倍以上。测定结果与文献报道的田间药效试验结果具有良好的一致性。本研究可为柑橘木虱毒力测定方法的标准化和更科学有效地开展柑橘木虱对杀虫剂敏感性动态监测提供科学依据。 相似文献
8.
噻虫嗪对丽蚜小蜂寄生烟粉虱的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确噻虫嗪对烟粉虱天敌昆虫丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa的影响,在室内模拟田间噻虫嗪灌根和叶面喷雾2种施药方式,研究了施药后丽蚜小蜂的直接死亡率及其寄生Q型烟粉虱的生物学参数。结果表明,经噻虫嗪叶面喷雾后,丽蚜小蜂的死亡率高达98.10%,显著高于其它处理,丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱若虫的寄生率为5.26%,显著低于其它处理;与清水对照相比,经噻虫嗪处理后丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的致死率降低,且叶面喷雾处理大于灌根处理;噻虫嗪灌根和叶面喷雾处理对丽蚜小蜂的羽化率和发育历期均无显著影响,但均能显著缩短丽蚜小蜂成虫的寿命。研究表明,噻虫嗪灌根施药方式对丽蚜小蜂的死亡率及寄生率影响较小,可将噻虫嗪灌根施药方式与释放丽蚜小蜂相结合以防治烟粉虱。 相似文献
9.
灰飞虱对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
灰飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是其近年来暴发频繁的重要原因。本文综述了国内外关于灰飞虱抗药性的研究成果,包括灰飞虱抗药性的发展、交互抗性、抗性机理、抗性遗传及生物适合度等。田间灰飞虱种群对多种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中对新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉和昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮产生了高水平到极高水平抗性(抗药性倍数分别为44.6～108.8倍和超过200倍),对有机磷类药剂毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷(抗药性倍数分别为10～12.6倍和9～13倍)、氨基甲酸酯类药剂甲萘威和残杀威(抗药性倍数分别为29.8～45.3倍和40.1～131.5倍)和拟除虫菊酯类药剂高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯(抗药性倍数分别为7.8～108.8倍和12～21倍)产生了中等水平到高水平的抗药性,对氟虫腈、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪没有产生抗药性(抗性倍数5倍)。长期大面积使用化学药剂是灰飞虱产生抗药性的重要原因。因此,必须加强灰飞虱的抗性治理,以延缓其抗药性进一步发展。 相似文献
10.
山东省不同地区棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗药性检测及酶抑制剂的增效作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确山东省棉蚜对新烟碱类杀虫剂的抗性水平,采用毛细管微量点滴法测定了泰安、聊城和东营3个田间种群及1个敏感种群对吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉、噻虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性,同时测定了磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)和增效醚(PBO)3种酶抑制剂的增效作用。结果表明:泰安棉蚜种群对烯啶虫胺的抗性倍数为16.95,处于中等抗性水平,对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的抗性倍数分别为5.69和9.57,已产生低水平抗性,对噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和噻虫啉的抗性倍数均小于3.0,仍较敏感;聊城棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为28.51、25.88和18.16,属中等抗性水平,对噻虫啉和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为6.01和6.37,已产生低水平抗性,对烯啶虫胺仍处于敏感阶段;东营棉蚜种群对吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫胺的抗性倍数分别为37.95、21.52和12.95,已产生中等水平抗性,对噻虫啉、烯啶虫胺和噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别为7.07、6.38和4.75,处于低水平抗性阶段。多功能氧化酶抑制剂PBO和羧酸酯酶抑制剂TPP对6种供试新烟碱类杀虫剂的增效作用明显,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶抑制剂DEM对这6种药剂也具有一定的增效作用。研究表明,山东省泰安等3地区棉蚜种群对6种新烟碱类杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗药性,多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶可能在棉蚜对该类杀虫剂的抗性中起主要作用,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶可能也具有一定的作用。 相似文献
11.
不同地区小菜蛾种群的抗药性及酯酶同工酶的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
用淀粉凝胶电泳对中国 3个不同地理区域的小菜蛾种群和台湾敏感品系的抗性水平及酯酶同工酶进行了研究 ,结果发现 :生物测定显示 3个小菜蛾种群对杀虫双均没有明显的抗性 ;对阿维菌素的抗性分别为 1.2 1倍、4 .51倍和 1.2 5倍。在 Estα和 Estβ基因位点 ,北京种群中存在 11种同工酶 ,其中 4种为 α同工酶 ,7种 β/i>同工酶 ;河北种群中存在 3种 α同工酶 ,5种 β同工酶 ;云南种群中存在 3种 α同工酶 ,3种 β同工酶。 3个种群酯酶基因多态性的产生可能是携带不同抗性酯酶基因的小菜蛾被动运输的结果 ;杀虫双对于能引起酯酶活性升高的杀虫药剂可能无交互抗性。 相似文献
12.
Yuntao Feng Qingjun Wu Shaoli Wang Xiaoli Chang Wen Xie Baoyun Xu Youjun Zhang 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):313-318
BACKGROUND: B‐biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has invaded China over the past two decades. To understand the risks and to determine possible mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam in B. tabaci, a resistant strain was selected in the laboratory. Cross‐resistance and the biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance were investigated in the present study. RESULTS: A 66.3‐fold thiamethoxam‐resistant B. tabaci strain (TH‐R) was established after selection for 36 generations. Compared with the susceptible strain (TH‐S), the selected TH‐R strain showed obvious cross‐resistance to imidacloprid (47.3‐fold), acetamiprid (35.8‐fold), nitenpyram (9.99‐fold), abamectin (5.33‐fold) and carbosulfan (4.43‐fold). No cross‐resistance to fipronil, chlorpyrifos or deltamethrin was seen. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) exhibited significant synergism on thiamethoxam effects in the TH‐R strain (3.14‐ and 2.37‐fold respectively). However, diethyl maleate (DEM) did not act synergistically with thiamethoxam. Biochemical assays showed that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activities increased 1.21‐ and 1.68‐fold respectively, and carboxylesterase activity increased 2.96‐fold in the TH‐R strain. However, no difference was observed for glutathione S‐transferase between the two strains. CONCLUSION: B‐biotype B. tabaci develops resistance to thiamethoxam. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and carboxylesterase appear to be responsible for the resistance. Reasonable resistance management that avoids the use of cross‐resistance insecticides may delay the development of resistance to thiamethoxam in this species. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
13.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have become serious pests of cotton and vegetable crops in China since the early 1990s. In recent years, however, B. tabaci have broken out more frequently and widely than have T. vaporariorum. The B. tabaci biotype B has also developed higher resistance to several insecticides. Here, the effects of four different host plants on the insecticide susceptibility of B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum have been compared. The LC(50) values of imidacloprid, abamectin, deltamethrin and omethoate in T. vaporariorum reared on cucumber were significantly higher than those in B. tabaci (the LC(50) values in T. vaporariorum were respectively 3.13, 2.63, 2.78 and 6.67 times higher than those in B. tabaci). On the other hand, the B. tabaci population reared on cotton was more tolerant to all four insecticides tested than the T. vaporariorum population from the same host, especially to abamectin (up to 8.4-fold). The effects of the four host plants on the activity of carboxylesterase (CarE) in B. tabaci biotype B and T. vaporariorum were also compared. The results showed that, although the CarE activity of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum varied depending on the host plants, the B. tabaci population possessed significantly higher CarE activity than the T. vaporariorum population reared on the same host plant. This was especially so on cucumber and cotton, where the CarE activities of the B. tabaci population were over 1.6 times higher than those of T. varporariorum. The frequency profiles for this activity in B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum populations reared on same host plant were apparently different. 相似文献
14.
The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is a serious pest in numerous cropping systems and has developed a high degree of resistance against several chemical classes of insecticides. One of the latest group of insecticides introduced to the market were the neonicotinoids (chloronicotinyls), acting agonistically on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides has recently been shown to occur, especially in Q-type B tabaci in some places in Almeria, Spain, whereas control of B-type B tabaci in many other intense cropping systems worldwide has remained on high levels. Our study revealed that neonicotinoid-resistant Q-type strains from Almeria were often more than 100-fold less susceptible to thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and imidacloprid when tested in discontinuous systemic laboratory bioassays. The resistance factors were generally 2- to 3-fold lower in leaf-dip bioassays. In addition to the Spanish strains, we obtained two other highly neonicotinoid-cross-resistant B tabaci greenhouse populations, one from Italy (December 1999) and one from Germany (June 2001). A molecular diagnostic analysis revealed that both strains also belong to the (Spanish) subtype Q of the B tabaci species complex. The resistance levels of Q-type whitefly strains derived from Almeria greenhouses in 1999 remained stable for at least two years, even when maintained in the laboratory without any selection pressure. The biochemical mechanisms conferring resistance to neonicotinoids have not yet been elucidated in detail, but synergist studies suggested a possible involvement of microsomal monooxygenases. Furthermore, we checked two Almerian strains of B tabaci isolated in 1998 and 1999 and demonstrated that neonicotinoid resistance is not due to an altered [3H]imidacloprid binding site of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 相似文献
15.
BACKGROUND: Bait-formulated spinosad is currently being introduced for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control around the world. Spinosad resistance was evaluated in a multiresistant field population and strains derived from this by selection with insecticides. Constitutive and spinosad-induced expression levels of three cytochrome P450 genes, CYP6A1, CYP6D1 and CYP6D3, previously reported to be involved in insecticide resistance, were examined. RESULTS: In 2004 a baseline for spinosad toxicity of Danish houseflies where all field populations were considered to be susceptible was established. In the present study, females of a multiresistant field population 791a were, however, 27-fold spinosad resistant at LC50, whereas 791a male houseflies were susceptible. Strain 791a was selected with spinosad, thiamethoxam, fipronil and imidacloprid, resulting in four strains with individual characteristics. Selection of 791a with spinosad did not alter spinosad resistance in either males or females, but counterselected against resistance to the insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A synergist study with piperonyl butoxide, as well as gene expression studies of CYP6A1, CYP6D1 and CYP6D3, indicated a partial involvement of cytochrome P450 genes in spinosad resistance. CONCLUSION: This study reports female-linked spinosad resistance in Danish houseflies. Negative cross-resistance was observed between spinosad and neonicotinoids in one multiresistant housefly strain. Spinosad resistance involved alterations of cytochrome P450 gene expression. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
The resistance levels to alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, pirimiphos-methyl, endosulfan and imidacloprid were determined in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) from Crete. Five B tabaci populations collected from greenhouse and outdoor crops were bioassayed and compared with a reference susceptible strain. Bemisia tabaci collected in a floriculture greenhouse exhibited the highest resistance against all insecticides: at LC50, resistance factors were 23-fold for bifenthrin, 80-fold for alpha-cypermethrin, 18-fold for pirimiphos-methyl, 58-fold for endosulfan and 730-fold for imidacloprid. A population collected on outdoor melons was more susceptible than the reference strain against all insecticides tested, suggesting the occurrence of local highly susceptible B tabaci populations in 'refugia'. In pairwise comparisons of resistance levels, correlation was observed between the LC50 values of the pyrethroid insecticides bifenthrin and alpha-cypermethrin. 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: Resistance to numerous insecticide classes in Bemisia tabaci Gennadius has impaired field control efficacy in south‐eastern China. The biotype and resistance status of B. tabaci collected from these areas was investigated. RESULTS: Two different biotypes of B. tabaci (B‐biotype and Q‐biotype) were detected in south‐eastern China, and the samples collected from geographical regions showed a prevalence of the Q‐biotype and the coexistence of B‐ and Q‐biotypes in some regions. Moderate to high levels of resistance to two neonicotinoids were established in both biotypes (28–1900‐fold to imidacloprid, 29–1200‐fold to thiamethoxam). Medium to high levels of resistance to alpha‐cypermethrin (22–610‐fold) were also detected in both biotypes. Four out of 12 populations had low to medium levels of resistance to fipronil (10–25‐fold). Four out of 12 populations showed low levels of resistance to spinosad (5.7–6.4‐fold). All populations tested were susceptible to abamectin. CONCLUSION: The Q‐biotype B. tabaci is supplanting the B‐biotype which used to be ubiquitous in China. Field populations of both B‐ and Q‐biotypes of B. tabaci have developed high levels of resistance to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam. Abamectin is the most effective insecticide against adult B. tabaci from all populations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献