共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The effects of biofumigation and soil heating on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonisation, strawberry growth and strawberry yield in pot experiments compared with untreated soil and chemical fumigation with dazomet were tested. Three different Brassicaceae species (Brassica juncea, Eruca sativa, Sinapis alba) were used as biofumigant plant green manure and soil heating was applied to simulate soil solarisation. Half of the plants were inoculated with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum. With one exception (E. sativa) among the uninoculated plants, the treatments significantly decreased the mycorrhizal colonisation parameters compared with the untreated control. Dazomet displayed the greatest inhibitory effects on AMF establishment. In addition, the intensity and number of bands corresponding to Glomus spp. obtained with temporal temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis were lower for strawberry plants from biofumigant treatments than from the control. For the inoculated plants, there were almost no significant differences among the mycorrhizal colonisation parameters. The mass of leaves for the uninoculated and inoculated plants was higher for almost all non-chemical soil fumigant treatments compared with the control, except for heating of the uninoculated treatments. The number of strawberry fruits for the uninoculated biofumigant treatments was the highest, being higher than the values observed for the heating treatments, the chemical disinfection treatments and the control. There were no significant differences among the inoculated treatments. Biofumigation with Brassicaceae species resulted in higher soil organic matter and mineral nutrients and had a relatively small effect on AMF colonisation (F% = 59.0, 80.3, 47.3 for Bj, Es and Sa, respectively) compared with uninoculated controls (F% = 84.3). Despite the reduced AMF colonisation, biofumigation resulted in a higher fruit number and mass of leaves. Therefore, it represents a non-chemical soil fumigation method that should be applied in sustainable strawberry production. 相似文献
2.
P. Durán J.J. Acuña M.A. Jorquera R. Azcón F. Borie P. Cornejo M.L. Mora 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013
Cereal crops grown in southern Chilean Andisol provide suboptimal levels of this metalloid for human diet. Certain rhizosphere microorganisms, such as rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can increase the selenium uptake in plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate selenium acquisition by wheat plants through the co-inoculation of native selenobacteria strains (Stenotrophomonas sp. B19, Enterobacter sp. B16, Bacillus sp. R12 and Pseudomonas sp. R8), both individually and in mixture, as selenonanosphere source with one arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus claroideum). Total selenium content in plant tissues and substrate was analyzed. According to our results, significant higher selenium content was found in inoculated plants in comparison to uninoculated controls (P ≤ 0.05). Independently of fungal presence, selenium content in grain from plants inoculated with Enterobacter sp. B16 (236 mg kg−1) was higher than the rest of the strains (116–164 mg kg−1). However, when plants were co-inoculated with a mixture of selenobacteria strains and G. claroideum, selenium content in grain was 23.5% higher (725 mg kg−1) than non-mycorrhizal plants (587 mg kg−1). The results suggest a synergistic effect between the selenobacteria mixture and G. claroideum associated to major biodiversity and demonstrate a great potential of these rhizosphere microorganisms for biofortification of cereals and its derivates. 相似文献
3.
Mycorrhizal associations imply a remarkable reprogramming of functions in both plant and fungal symbionts. This consequent alteration on plant physiology has a clear impact on the plant responses to biotic stress management. As a consequence, a pot experiment was conducted to study the interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus fasciculatum and the two pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and subsequent effect on growth, disease tolerance and the changes in antioxidative ability in cyclamen plants under growth chamber condition were investigated. At plant maturity, inoculation with F. oxysporum and C. gloeosporioides, responsible for Fusarium wilt and anthracnose of cyclamen respectively, significantly reduced shoot and root dry weights, increased both the disease incidence percentage and showed lower antioxidative activity viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), ascorbic acid (AA) and polyphenol contents in plants. In contrast, the growth response and biomass production of cyclamen plants inoculated with AMF was significantly higher than the nonmycorrhizal control plants, both in the presence and absence of the pathogens. Mycorrhization enhanced plants to reduce the Fusarium wilt and anthracnose incidence compared to nonmycorrhizal controls. In every case, without and with pathogen association, plants inoculated with AMF increased the antioxidant (SOD, APX, AA and polyphenol) production compared to control plants. The results demonstrate that AMF have the ability to induce resistance against Fusarium wilt and anthracnose in cyclamen by increasing the antioxidative activity in plants, which promoted plant growth, biomass production and drastically reduced the disease incidence in cyclamen. 相似文献
4.
Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus clarum for suppression of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Jerusalem artichoke was investigated in Thailand under greenhouse conditions. Experimental factors included two Jerusalem artichoke genotypes (HEL 246 and JA 37), two levels of T. harzianum and G. clarum (inoculated and blank). The biological control agents were added to the potting medium immediately before seedlings of Jerusalem artichoke were transplanted into it; 20 days later, seedlings were inoculated with S. rolfsii by placing infested sorghum seeds at the base of the stem. The combination of cv. HEL 246 with addition of both G. clarum and T. harzianum had the lowest disease incidence (30%) and required the longest time to permanent wilt (11 days after inoculation). Inoculation of cv. JA 37 and HEL 246 with G. clarum alone gave better control of the disease than did inoculation with T. harzianum alone. The results are the first published report of biological control of S. rolfsii on Jerusalem artichoke. 相似文献
5.
Stem brown canker or Botryosphaeria canker disease impairs the growth and kills the shoots, limbs and even trunks of infected apple trees. Apple roots are usually colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which may have a positive influence on plant growth and suppression of diseases. In order to assess the efficacy of AM to suppress the disease severity and plant growth enhancement, nine AMF inoculation treatments (Sclerocystis dussi, Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. bagyaraji, G. leptotichum, G. monosporum, Gigaspora margarita, a mixed AM culture and a non-mycorrhizal control treatment) were used in this present study. Two-year-old potted apple plants, maintained under glasshouse conditions, were either pre-inoculated with AMF followed by stem inoculation with Botryosphaeria ribis or simultaneously inoculated with Botryosphaeria ribis and AM. The results indicated that the incidence of canker was less severe in plants inoculated with AMF in comparison to non-mycorrhizal control. Timing of inoculation also had a significant effect on disease development and plant survival. Plants pre-inoculated with mycorrhiza performed better over those inoculated simultaneously with Botryosphaeria ribis and AM fungi. Furthermore, AM inoculation resulted in improved survival and growth of AMF-colonized plants; though, it varied by species of AM fungi utilized. 相似文献
6.
海南橡胶树丛枝菌根真菌调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从海南11个市/县的21个橡胶种植园采集的24份橡胶根际土样中,初步鉴定出分属于5个属的31种丛枝菌根真菌,其中,球囊霉属Glomus有16种,已确定6种;无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 10种,已确定5种;内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种,已确定种1种;原囊霉属Archaeospora 1种,为确定种;盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 2种,已确定1种。对13种已确定种进行了形态描述。结果表明球囊霉属Glomus是海南橡胶树根际丛枝菌根真菌分离频率最高属,蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)是分离频率最高种。 相似文献
7.
S.N. Tchameni M.E.L. NgonkeuB.A.D. Begoude L. Wakam Nana R. Fokom A.D. OwonaJ.B. Mbarga T. TchanaP.R. Tondje F.X. EtoaJ. Kuaté 《Crop Protection》2011,30(10):1321-1327
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and members of the genus Trichoderma have emerged as promising groups of microbial inoculants that can induce plant growth and resistance to disease. This study aimed at investigating the potential of AMF and a strain (PR11) of Trichoderma asperellum to promote cacao growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. Cacao seedlings were either non-inoculated, or inoculated with the saprophytic fungus T. asperellum and/or a mixture of two different mycorrhizal fungi, Gigaspora margarita and Acaulospora tuberculata. Eighteen weeks after planting, a series of morphological as well as biochemical changes, which are considered to be part of the plant defense response, were measured after a challenge inoculation of the leaves with zoospores of P. megakarya. Inoculation with AMF and T. asperellum alone was essential for the promotion of plant growth. Significant increase in plant height, root and shoot fresh weights, as well as phosphorous uptake was recorded in comparison to non-inoculated control plants. However, dual inoculation of cacao seedlings with T. asperellum and AMF did not always positively benefit the plants. Leaf inoculation showed variation among the treatments, with the lowest disease index (highest level of resistance) recorded in plants inoculated with either AMF or T. asperellum only. This came along with a high synthesis of amino acids and phenolic compounds in both healthy and infected leaves, suggesting that these metabolites are implicated in disease resistance. 相似文献
8.
9.
丛枝菌根真菌对澳洲坚果幼苗的生长效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将澳洲坚果种子进行表面消毒,并播种于盛装已灭菌珍珠岩的塑料育苗盒中,观察其幼苗期接种丛枝菌根真菌【Arbuscular Mycorhiza Fungi,AMF（CL.mosse）】对澳洲坚果幼苗生长效应的影响。试验结果表明,AMF对澳洲坚果幼苗的生长发育均有重要的促进作用。AMF 能促进澳洲坚果幼苗的生长及其幼苗叶片蛋白质及糖分的积累;能促进其根系磷酸酶的活性,磷酸酶活性与AMF侵染率存在显著相关性。接种AMF可增强澳洲坚果幼苗根系活力,促进其根系对N,P等矿质养分的吸收和积累,并促进澳洲坚果植株的光合作用,提高其幼苗 相似文献
10.
在盆栽条件下,以柑橘砧木枳（Fructus aurantii）幼苗为试验材料,在基质中接种从广西土壤中分离得到的不同丛枝菌根（AM）真菌菌株,探讨不同AM真菌对枳根系的侵染能力和植株生长的影响。结果表明：用于试验的14个AM真菌菌株均能与枳根系形成共生关系,平均侵染率为36.16%,其中侵染率最高的菌株是黄雷德克囊霉（Redeckera fulvum, Rf）,侵染率高达92.83%,侵染率最低的菌株是副冠球囊霉（Glomus coronatum, Gc）,侵染率仅为0.23%;接种黄雷德克囊霉、摩西斗管囊霉（Funneliformis mosseae, Fm2）和副冠球囊霉这3个菌株处理的枳植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数和叶柄长均高于CK,是枳的优势菌株,能促进枳的生长。 相似文献
11.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi alleviating the adverse salt effects on growth was tested in bajra (Pennisetum glaucum). Towards this objective we analyzed the photosynthetic activity, proline, phosphatase activity and various antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM salinity levels in AM inoculated and non inoculated bajra plants. Total chlorophyll content was significantly higher in moderate salinity condition in AM fungus (Glomus fasciculatum) inoculated plants, which lead to increase in growth and nutrient uptake capacity of mycorrhizal plants. Antioxidant activity was either increased or decreased due to responses to different salinity stress conditions. Proline accumulation was induced by salt and it was more in shoot of non-AM inoculated plants, but in roots proline accumulation was higher in AM plants at all levels of salinity. This work suggests that the AM fungus helps bajra plants to perform better under moderate salinity levels by enhancing the antioxidant activity and proline accumulation as compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. 相似文献
12.
基于云南热区澳洲坚果种植区季节性干旱及先天性低有效磷的土壤特征,探讨丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)接种对具有排根的引种作物-澳洲坚果幼苗磷利用的影响,为外来物种的本地驯化栽培提供理论依据。在正常水分与水分胁迫条件下,对盆栽的澳洲坚果幼苗分别接种土著丛枝菌根真菌(native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae),测定接种不同AMF对澳洲坚果幼苗生长、菌根定殖、酸性磷酸酶活性、柠檬酸分泌及磷素吸收等的影响。结果表明,接种土著AMF(N-AM)处理对澳洲坚果幼苗排根或非排根的侵染率显著高于接种摩西球囊霉(G-AM)处理,正常水分条件下N-AM处理的侵染率最高;两种水分条件下,接种AMF的植株地上部和地下部干重更高,正常水分处理下达到最大。菌根侵染率与排根产生量之间显著正相关,水分胁迫显著抑制了植株的排根产生量;与不接种相比,接种处理能显著提高排根产生量。接种AMF后根系对磷素的活化、吸收及转化能力显著升高,表现为接种的澳洲坚果幼苗根系、茎秆和叶片中全磷含量较高,两种水分条件下均表现为N-AM>G-AM>CK;菌根与排根相互协调共同发挥作用,显著改善了澳洲坚果幼苗根系对磷素的活化和吸收能力,且菌根比排根发挥了更大作用,尤其在水分胁迫条件下。两种AMF均能与澳洲坚果幼苗建立共生关系,N-AM处理的幼苗各指标显著优于G-AM处理,可能是由于拥有多样性优势的土著AMF在澳洲坚果幼苗根系中定殖能力较强或是AMF真菌对外来物种澳洲坚果有正反馈作用。 相似文献
13.
Efficacy of biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 was evaluated on the control of anthracnose and phomopsis rot in ‘Solo’ papaya pre-treated with 1-methyl cyclopropene (100 μl) (1-MCP) during storage. This treatment was compared to the untreated control, commercial treatment (washing in chlorinated water), stand alone 1-MCP and PPCB004 treatment. Although fruit pre-treated with 1-MCP delayed the ripening (100% yellow) after cold storage by 9-10 d, it showed higher incidence and severity of anthracnose and phomopsis rot than the fruit subjected to commercial treatment. Application of PPCB004 after 1-MCP pre-treatment (1-MCP + PPCB004) reduced the anthracnose and phomopsis incidence and severity after cold storage (10 °C, 85% RH for 14 d) and ripening at 25 °C. The 1-MCP + PPCB004 treatment helped to retain the fruit firmness, overall quality and uniform yellow skin (100%) and flesh colour after ripening. The PPCB004 was effectively recovered from stand alone PPCB004 and 1-MCP + PPCB004 treated fruit after cold storage and ripening. The PPCB004 population showed an increase by 1 log units after ripening in 1-MCP + PPCB004 treated fruit. After ripening the recovery of PPCB004 population was higher (0.7 log units) in 1-MCP + PPCB004. The total recovery of fungal population on the fruit surface after ripening was lower in 1-MCP + PPCB004 and stand alone PPCB004 treated fruit. It can be concluded that application of B. amyloliquefaciens PPCB004 with 1-MCP pre-treated papaya (at 25-30% skin yellow stage) can significantly reduce disease incidence associated with 1-MCP treatment. This treatment has the potential for commercial application in the ‘organic’ papaya industry. 相似文献
14.
《Field Crops Research》2005,91(1):51-61
Maize and sorghum were grown in the field in north Cameroon, Africa, during the cropping seasons (June–October) of 2000 for maize, and 2001 and 2002 for sorghum. Both cereals were grown in fields infested with or free of seeds of the root hemiparasite Striga hermonthica, and with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus clarum and Gigaspora margarita). Infection of maize by S. hermonthica resulted in a significant reduction in cob yield of 20%. The effects of S. hermonthica on sorghum were not significant. With AM fungal inoculation, a significant reduction (30% and more than 50% on maize and sorghum, respectively) in the number of S. hermonthica shoots was noted. Dry weight of Striga followed the same pattern (40% reduction on maize, and 46 and 63% reduction on sorghum in 2001 and 2002, respectively) after AM fungal inoculation. There was a significant interaction effect between S. hermonthica and AM fungi on yield parameters of sorghum in the cropping season of 2002. No significant yield increase due to AM fungal inoculation was noted for maize or sorghum in 2001. The results are discussed in the context of managing mycorrhizas as a component of integrated management of S. hermonthica on cereals aimed at sustainability. 相似文献
15.
Farmers in Tamil Nadu, India began to report that a new pest was affecting papaya (Carica papaya L.) in 2006. Numerous applications of insecticide were made, but papaya losses were severe and the pest spread to several other crops. The pest was identified in 2008 as the papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and a classical biological control program was initiated. Three parasitoids, Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff, Pseudleptomastix mexicana Noyes and Schauff, and Anagyrus loecki Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), were imported from Puerto Rico in July 2010, and A. papayae was multiplied and released. Excellent control of the papaya mealybug was obtained within five months, pesticide usage was reduced, and production and income were increased. The purpose of this article is to quantify the economic benefits of this classical biological control program. The annual economic benefits for the five most important crops affected by the biocontrol program range from $121 million to $309 million, and the net present value of benefits over five years total $524 million to $1.34 billion. Implications are drawn for biological control programs in other countries. 相似文献
16.
研究盆栽条件下,接种不同丛枝菌根真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF）种类对生姜不同生育时期农艺性状的影响及其在生姜根内的定殖情况。采用生姜组培苗,于幼苗期分别接种12株AMF进行生姜农艺性状比较试验,在温室盆栽接种后每隔30 d对生姜根系进行取样分析,比较菌根侵染率、侵染强度和丛枝丰度的大小,以观察不同AMF菌株对生姜苗的侵染动态。结果表明,所有接种AMF组的生姜植株,其生长量均高于空白对照组。结合不同菌株在根系的侵染率,筛选出生姜AMF优势种类为：细凹无梗囊霉（Acaulospora scrobiculata）、网状球囊霉（Glomus reticulatum）、隐形球囊霉（Paraglomus occltum）、摩西球囊霉（Glomus mosseae）。说明苗期接种这4个优势菌种,能够促进生姜生长,是适宜生姜生长的优良AMF菌株。 相似文献
17.
Experimental trials have been carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of preventative treatments based on plant defense activator products, biocontrol agents, a microbial complex with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and Brassica carinata pellets against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 on lettuce and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani on cultivated rocket under greenhouse conditions. These products were compared with fungicides known for their ability to induce host resistance (phosethyl-Al and acibenzolar-S-methyl), and with azoxystrobin. Three and four applications of the tested products were carried out on lettuce and rocket seedlings grown in nursery conditions. Treated and untreated plants were transplanted into soil infested with Fusarium wilt agents to obtain an average disease severity (DS) of 65.6–69.2 and of 56.9–62.1 on the untreated lettuce and rocket plants, respectively. The best Fusarium wilt biocontrol was obtained after four applications of Bacillus subtilis Qst713 and with the Glomas microbial complex (42 and 46.7%, efficacy, respectively). B. carinata pellets provided a consistent control when applied 14 days before the rocket and lettuce were transplanted into the infested soil. Acibenzolar-S-methyl, applied at 0.025 g/Liter, showed a DS reduction in F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae from 36 to 61% and of F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani from 54 to 73%, thus showing statistically similar results to those of azoxystrobin, which was used as a reference (DS reduction from 59 to 65%). Although the Fusarium wilt control provided by such products was not complete in the present experimental conditions, these products can be considered interesting components for an integrated pest management of the Fusarium wilt of leafy vegetables, starting from nursey applications. Moreover, the tested BCAs could become potentially useful, especially for plant monocultures. This study has been produced new information on the effects of potassium phosphite, applied at the nursery level, on reducing lettuce and rocket fusarium wilt. An average efficacy of 69.5% was observed for lettuce, while an average efficacy of 65.2% was observed for cultivated rocket. The good fungicidal activity of the phosphite-based product, coupled with the positive effect on plant biomass, is of special interest. 相似文献
18.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2005,21(1):81-87
The leaf pulp of Aloe vera, designated as the gel, and the bitter, yellow liquid fraction have been tested against pathogens (bacteria and fungi) affecting human and plants. However, their activity for fungal control in commercial industrial crops has not been determined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Aloe pulp and liquid fraction on the mycelial growth of three phytopathogenic fungi and to determine the extract concentrations that can inhibit mycelial development. A. vera leaves were cut from plants grown under greenhouse conditions at the University Antonio Narro, disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, and separated in two groups. In the first group, the pulp was manually scraped out; in the second, a laboratory roll processor was used for the pulp and liquid fraction separation. Both types of extracts were pasteurized. Antifungal activity of pulp and liquid fraction was evaluated on the mycellium development of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum coccodes that were isolated from a potato crop by the hyphae point and monosporic techniques. The concentrations of the plant extract ranged from 0 to 105 μl l−1. Fungal plugs 0.4 mm in diameter were placed in Petri dishes with a potato–dextrose–agar (PDA) culture media, and treated with various concentrations of pulp or liquid fraction. The cultures were incubated at 24±2 °C and the radial growth of mycelia measured daily for 7 days. The antifungal effect was measured under a totally random design with four replications. The results showed an inhibitory effect of the pulp of A. Vera on F. oxysporum at 104 μl l−1 and over a long period. For the two types of Aloe fractions the activities were similar. Besides the liquid fraction reduced the rate of colony growth at a concentration of 105 μl 1−1 in R. solani, F. oxysporum, and C. coccodes. This is the first report of any Aloe liquid fraction activity against plant pathogenic fungi. 相似文献
19.
接种AM真菌对脱毒马铃薯产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在苗盘和大田条件下研究了接种丛枝菌根真菌对脱毒马铃薯菌根侵染率和产量的影响。在苗盘试验条件下,接种Glomus mosseae(BEG167)和Glomus versiform(G.v)2种菌种。在灭菌土壤中,接种BEG167和G.v,脱毒马铃薯侵染率分别达到27%和32%;BEG167使组培脱毒苗移栽生成的微型薯产量比不接种处理增加54.2%。未灭菌土壤上接种BEG167和G.v,侵染率则分别为44%和27%,而对照的侵染率为22%;接种BEG167使组培脱毒苗移栽生成的微型薯产量比不接种处理增加25.2%;在灭菌和未灭菌土壤条件下,接种G.v均降低了组培脱毒苗移栽生成的微型薯产量。在大田试验条件下,采用混合菌种(BEG167+G.v,体积比1:1)作为接种剂。接种菌根菌剂使脱毒马铃薯侵染率由21%提高到47%,薯块产量增加21%。上述结果证明,在苗盘和大田条件下,接种菌根真菌都能侵染马铃薯根部,并能增加产量。 相似文献
20.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in Upland Rice as Influenced by Agrochemical Application 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mycorrhizal status of rice under upland conditions was studied using potted seedlings. Percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization varied between 17.35% and 37.18% over an age series of 7 to 70 days old rice plants. AMF root colonization was increased up to 35-42 days, beyond which the root colonization steadily declined. The vesicles appeared after two weeks and reached their maximum intensity on the 35th day. The arbuscules were formed late on the 42nd day (2.93%) and slightly varied up to the 70th day (3.03%). Higher dosage of urea application suppressed plant growth whereas the superphosphate treatment had no marked impact on plant growth. Generally, application of these agrochemicals registered less influence on the hyphal colonization of AMF in rice plants, whereas arbuscular colonization was adversely affected by higher dosages of fertilizers. There were pronounced decreases in both the plant growth and their AMF colonization due to the application of systemic fungicides, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl. The application of single sprays of fungicides was less deleterious over multiple sprays. 相似文献