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生物脱胶苎麻纤维性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用一种简便、廉价的细菌脱胶方法对苎麻进行脱胶，研究脱胶后的苎麻纤维性能。结果表明，苎麻细菌脱胶后残胶率1．82％，达到了脱胶要求。且松散了苎麻纤维横截面组织结构，对苎麻中纤维素无破坏，提高了上染色率12％左右，单纤维强力比碱液脱胶的大0．15N／tex，对白度影响不大。说明该脱胶法是一种绿色生产工艺。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2019,(3)
为了进一步明确合适的生物脱胶发酵方式,研究利用高效菌株DCE01通过湿润和浸泡发酵方式对苎麻韧皮进行生物脱胶,从0.5 h开始计时直至10.5 h结束,每隔2 h取样一次,结合半自动纤维分析仪法和柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法对苎麻韧皮生物脱胶产物中的半纤维素、纤维素、木质素和水解液中半乳糖醛酸含量进行测定。结果表明:10.5 h脱胶终止时,浸泡发酵苎麻韧皮生物脱胶产物中半纤维素、木质素、纤维素和水解液半乳糖醛酸含量分别为4.28%、0.11%、91.88%、4.93μg/m L;湿润发酵的相应含量为4.55%、0.13%、91.56%、5.03μg/m L。整个脱胶期间,两种发酵方式生物脱胶产品中的半纤维素、木质素、半乳糖醛酸含量均随脱胶时间的延长不断下降,纤维素含量不断上升,并经方差齐性F检验,表明两种发酵方式脱胶效果无显著差异。 相似文献
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红麻微生物发酵过程中胶胶酶的特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用一株多粘芽孢杆菌对红麻博士、鲜皮和鲜茎3种材料在振荡、静置2种发酵体系中脱胶酶的活性变化和作用特性进行了研究，结果表明：（1）同一材料在发酵对应时段，振荡系的酶活均较静置系的高，在干皮和鲜皮脱胶过程中，果胶酶活的峰值出现较半纤维素酶活的早，鲜茎则相反，峰值过后酶活变化幅度较小；（2）混合酶系中果胶和半纤维素酶作用的最适温度均为50℃，最适pH分别为8.0，4.4；（3）用豆饼粉培养基静置培养24h的粗酶液接种4.0mL可在30h内完成干皮脱胶。 相似文献
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应用一种简便、廉价的细菌脱胶方法对苎麻进行脱胶,研究脱胶后的苎麻纤维性能.结果表明,苎麻细菌脱胶后残胶率1.82%,达到了脱胶要求.且松散了苎麻纤维横截面组织结构,对苎麻中纤维素无破坏,提高了上染色率12%左右,单纤维强力比碱液脱胶的大0.15N/tex,对白度影响不大.说明该脱胶法是一种绿色生产工艺. 相似文献
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对纤用亚麻（阿里安）与北达科他州油用亚麻茎进行酶法脱胶实验。脱胶酶制剂含Viscozyme L（富含果胶酶的成品酶）和乙二胺四乙酸（螯合剂EDTA）。碾压破裂后的亚麻茎浸吸不同比例的Viscozyme L-EDTA溶液，脱胶后纤维进行梳纺。供测纱样为Shirley机清理的原亚麻纤维与棉花纤维按不同比例混纺而成的纱。处理不同，清理后的纤维性质有所不同。不同配比的酶溶液脱胶后的纤维性质不同，不考虑EDTA的因素，0.3％（v／v）的酶浓度比0.05％的酶浓度脱胶效果好，但纤维强力低。麻样与酶制剂不同，混纺纱的质量变异系数、单纱强力与粒结数存在差异。以成本、纤维和纱的质量为依据，本实验结果确立了脱胶酶制剂的组分含量范围，可作为进一步研究优化亚麻脱胶酶制剂的基础。本实验中，0.3％（v／v）Viscozyme L与25mMEDTA配制的酶溶液脱胶制成的纱最好。因此，可以此为基础进一步研究开发工业级纺织用亚麻短纤维。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献