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Protein requirements of preschool children consuming rice-milk,rice-toasted mung bean,and rice diets
Maria A. Isabel Cabrera-Santiago Carmen LL. Intengan Benigan V. Roxas Bienvenido O. Juliano Consuelo M. Perez Anacleta S. Loyola Emma R. Alejandro Jovina N. Abadilla Gracia FE B. Yu Aida C. Mallillin 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1986,36(3):167-178
Rice-milk and rice-toasted mung bean diets, and a high-protein rice (IR58 milled rice) were evaluated as part of a study on the protein requirements of toddlers consuming rice-based diets following the multilevel N balance method. Milk or mung bean contributed 1/3 of dietary N. At a daily energy intake of 418 kJ/kg body weight, weight losses were observed for all diets. The safe level of protein intakes obtained allowing 10 mg N/kg body weight/day for miscellaneous integumental losses and 15 mg N/kg body weight/day for growth was 1.11 g/kg body weight/day for the rice-milk diet and 1.34 g for the rice-mung bean diet. Preliminary data on four children indicate a safe level of protein intake of 1.44 g/kg/day for the IR58 milled rice. The protein quality of the high-protein rice as determined by the very short term N balance index on three children was 79–80% relative to milk. 相似文献
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U. Chitra U. Singh P. Venkateswara Rao 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(4):307-316
The objective of this project was to determine the effect of various types of processing on selected nutrition related parameters of commonly consumed Indian pulses and soybean. Germination reduced the phytic acid content of chickpea and pigeonpea seeds by over 60%, and that of mung bean, urd bean, and soybean by about 40%. Fermentation reduced phytic acid contents by 26–39% in all these legumes with the exception of pigeonpea in which it was reduced by more than 50%. Autoclaving and roasting were more effective in reducing phytic acid in chickpea and pigeonpea than in urd bean, mung bean, and soybean. Germination and fermentation greatly increased the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD). IVPD was only slightly increased by roasting and autoclaving of all legumes. Germination and fermentation also remarkably decreased the total dietary fiber (TDF) in all legumes. Autoclaving and roasting resulted in slight increases in TDF values. All the processing treatments had little effect on calcium, magnesium and iron contents. 相似文献
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U. Chitra V. Vimala U. Singh P. Geervani 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,47(2):163-172
Several genotypes, number given within parenthesis, of chickpea, pigeonpea, urd bean, mung bean and soybean, differing in seed characteristics were analyzed for phytic acid, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), protein, total phosphorus, and seed size. Phytic acid contents and IVPD values differed significantly among and within these species. Phytic acid content (mg/g) was the highest in soybean (36.4) followed by urd bean (13.7), pigeonpea (12.7), mung bean (12.0) chickpea (9.6). On an average, phytic acid constituted 78.2 percent of the total phosphorus content and this percentage figure was the highest in soybean and the lowest in mung bean. In vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of pigeonpea and chickpea genotypes varied from 60.4 to 74.4 percent and 65.3 to 79.4 percent, respectively. The IVPD values of genotypes of mung bean, urd bean and soybean ranged from 67.2 to 72.2 percent, 55.7 to 63.3 percent and 62.7 to 71.6 percent, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between phytic acid and IVPD of these genotypes. Phytic acid was significantly and positively correlated with protein but the magnitude of correlation was very low in chickpea and pigeonpea. Results indicate that the genotypes of pulses with low phytic acid content could be identified and used in breeding program to improve their nutritive value and utilization. 相似文献
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为探讨减施化肥条件下,间作绿肥压青还田对甘蔗生长的影响及化肥的替代作用。试验设计了6个处理,处理1（CK）：甘蔗常规施肥;处理2（H-LY）：化肥减施25%+12%营养元素当量绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥;处理3（H-LQ）：化肥减施25%+全量绿豆绿肥还田;处理4（H-Y）：化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量有机肥;处理5（H-HD）：化肥减施25%+25%营养元素当量黑豆绿肥还田;处理6（H-HQ）：化肥减施25%+全量黑豆绿肥还田。研究结果表明,间作绿豆绿肥和黑豆绿肥在生育前期甘蔗的分蘖和甘蔗总苗数都较常规处理降低,间作黑豆还降低了甘蔗的叶片宽度。甘蔗化肥减施25%条件下,间作绿豆绿肥全量还田、12%营养元素当量间作绿豆绿肥还田+13%营养元素当量有机肥替代的蔗茎产量和经济效益均达到常规对照水平。但间作黑豆压青还田导致甘蔗减产,降低经济效益。兼顾甘蔗产量、经济效益、资源消耗及蔗地的地力提升各方面,甘蔗间作绿豆绿肥全量还田可以替代25%的甘蔗化肥,是值得推广的一种模式。 相似文献
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Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Güenée can cause severe losses in rice. Cytochrome P450s play crucial roles in the metabolism of allelochemicals in herbivorous insects. Two novel P450 cDNAs, CYP6CV1 and CYP9A38, were cloned from the midgut of C. medinalis. CYP6CV1 encodes a protein of 500 amino acid residues, while CYP9A38-predicted protein has 531 amino acid residues. Both cDNA-predicted proteins contain the conserved functional domains for all P450s. Phylogenetic analyses showed that CYP6CV1 is grouped in the cluster containing CYP6B members, while CYP9A38 is in the cluster including CYP9 members. However, both clusters are contained in the same higher lineage. Homologous analysis revealed that CYP6CV1 is most similar to CYP6B8, CYP6B7, CYP6B6, CYP6B2, and CYP6B4 with the highest amino acid identity of 41%. CYP9A38 is closest to CYP9A17, CYP9A21, CYP9A20, and CYP9A19 with the highest amino acid identity of 66%. Studies of temporal expression profiles revealed that CYP9A38 showed a steady increase in mRNA level during the five instar stages, but a low-expression level in pupae, and then presented at a high-expression level again in adults. Similar expression patterns were obtained with CYP6CV1. In the fifth instar larvae, CYP6CV1 was mainly expressed in midgut and fat bodies, whereas CYP9A38 was mainly expressed in midgut. Expression studies also revealed a 3.20-fold over-expression of CYP6CV1 and 3.54-fold over-expression of CYP9A38 after larval exposure to host rice resistance. Our results suggest that both CYP6CV1 and CYP9A38 may be involved in detoxification of rice phytochemicals. 相似文献
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解析甘蔗间作不同豆科作物对甘蔗植株内生细菌多样性的影响,旨在评价甘蔗间作不同豆科作物对甘蔗植株健康状况及抗性的作用效果。结果发现,与单作的甘蔗（CK）相比,甘蔗间作黄豆显著提高甘蔗内生细菌的多样性和丰富度;间作绿豆虽然有助于提升甘蔗植株内生细菌多样性与丰富度,但与CK之间无显著差异;间作花生导致甘蔗植株内生细菌多样性与丰富度显著降低。门分类水平,与CK相比,间作处理甘蔗植株中变形杆菌门（Proteobacteria）内生细菌丰度占比急剧下降,放线菌门（Actinobacteria）以及属于其他（others）分类的内生细菌丰度占比上升;属分类水平,与CK相比,间作处理甘蔗植株中泛菌属（Pantoea）和Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia属丰度占比下降,红球菌属（Rhodococcus）内生细菌丰度占比上升;另一方面,unclassified_f__Micrococcaceae和Pseudarthrobacter是间作甘蔗植株中特有的内生细菌优势属,但同时草螺菌属（Herbaspirillum）和Williamsia属内生细菌缺失。此外,Rubrobacter、norank_f__MSB-1E8、类诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）、norank_c__Actinobacteria、norank_f__Euzebyaceae、Gaiella、Defluviicoccus、norank_f__Elev-16S-1332、norank_o__Acidimicrobiales、norank_f__Propionibacteriaceae、norank_o__Gaiellales、norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae是甘蔗/黄豆间作（A）处理中甘蔗植株特有的内生细菌优势属;链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、马赛菌属（Massilia）、分枝杆菌属（Mycobacterium）、甲基杆菌属（Methylobacterium）、Sinomonas、罗思河小杆菌属（Rhodanobacter）、金黄色杆菌属（Chryseobacterium）、根霉菌属（Rhizomicrobium）是甘蔗/绿豆间作（B）处理中甘蔗特有的内生细菌优势属。甘蔗/花生间作模式下,甘蔗植株根系中不存在特有的内生细菌优势属;而草螺菌属（Herbaspirillum）和Williamsia是甘蔗单作模式下甘蔗植株根系中特有的内生细菌优势属。甘蔗间作黄豆和绿豆不仅有助于提升甘蔗植株根系内生细菌的多样性与丰富度,而且改善了甘蔗植株根系内生细菌群落结构组成,尤其间作黄豆效果更佳;与之相反,甘蔗间作花生无助于提高甘蔗植株根系内生细菌的多样性与丰富度,亦不利于改善甘蔗植株根系内生细菌群落结构组成。 相似文献
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Anita Kataria B. M. Chauhan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1988,38(1):51-59
Effects of common processing and cooking methods on sugar and starch contents and starch digestibility (in vitro) of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) were investigated. Soaking reduced the level of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch and improved starch digestibility, significantly. Cooking (both ordinary and pressure cooking) increased the concentrations of the sugars and digestibility of starch of soaked as well a unsoaked seeds. Starch contents, however, were decreased. Germination decreased starch thereby raising the level of the soluble sugars. Starch digetibility was increased appreciably. 相似文献
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为了研究茶多酚对苯并[a]芘致日本青鳉鱼后代畸形的拮抗及其可能机理,本研究采用正在产卵的青鳉鱼为模式生物,采用腹腔注射法研究了茶多酚对苯并[a]芘致其后代发育畸形的影响,并用逆转录-实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏组织内的CYP酶（CYP1A1、CYP1B、CYP2A、CYP2C、CYP2D、CYP3A）和GST基因（mGST、GST-a）的mRNA表达情况。结果表明,单独注射苯并[a]芘组日本青鳉鱼后代畸形率达到15.13%,显著高于对照;茶多酚拮抗组后代畸形率有所下降,除茶多酚最低剂量组（20μg/g BaP+2μg/g TP）外,其他组与BaP组间均存在显著差异。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,苯并芘试验组对CYP1A1、CYP1B、CYP2A、CYP2C、CYP2D有轻微诱导,并显著抑制雌鱼mGST和GST-a的表达,同时茶多酚可明显抑制CYP1A1基因和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶基因mGST和GST-a的表达。表明茶多酚的抗畸变机理可能与抑制CYP1A1基因表达以及加速苯并芘代谢有关。 相似文献
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William E. Barbeau 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(4):381-392
Experimental weaning foods were prepared from alfalfa leaves, peanut oil, and mung bean, chickpea or soy flour. The weaning foods were analyzed to determine their yield, proximate composition and amino acid content. Yields from starting materials ranged from 29 to 99%. Highest yields were obtained when 20% legume or oilseed flour was incorporated into leaf protein-peanut oil gels. The moisture content of the weaning foods ranged from 42 to 65%, protein from 3.4 to 6.5%, fat from 23 to 48%, and carbohydrate from 3 to 13%. Proteins in the experimental weaning foods were found to be deficient in the sulfur amino acids. Amino acid scores for weaning foods containing 20% legume or oilseed flour ranged from 50 for mung bean to 62 for soy. It was estimated that a four-ounce daily serving of one of the soy weaning foods would supply 40% of the energy and 35% of the protein needs of a one-year-old infant. 相似文献
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Bjørn O. Eggum Bienvenido O. Juliano Corazon P. Villareal Consuelo M. Perez 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1984,34(4):261-272
Yellow rice derived from stack-burned unthreshed grains had lower lysine content than white milled rice. Stack burning did not affect energy digestibility in growing rats but decreased true nitrogen digestibility and net protein utilization (NPU). Increasing parboiling time from 20 to 60 min had no adverse effect on energy and protein utilization of parboiled milled rice. Defatting of rice bran-polish with petroleum ether at 50°C had no effect on protein utilization but decreased energy content and utilization. Mechanical dehulling of mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) reduced fiber content, increased energy and protein digestibility but decreased biological value (BV) and NPU. Toasting and winnowing the bean reduced lysine content, improved digestible energy but decreased BV and NPU. Cooking the bean preparations improved the biological value only in mechanically dehulled bean with resultant higher NPU than that of whole bean. 相似文献
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Pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been reported to regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) family and transporters, such as multiple drug resistance 1 (MDR1). Fucoxanthin, the major carotenoid in brown sea algae, is a putative chemopreventive agent. In this study, we determined whether fucoxanthin could overcome drug resistance through attenuation of rifampin-induced CYP3A4 and MDR1 gene expression by PXR-mediated pathways in HepG2 hepatoma cells. We found that fucoxanthin (1-10 μM) significantly attenuated rifampin (20 μM)-induced CYP3A4, MDR1 mRNA and CYP3A4 protein expression at 24 h of incubation. Mechanistically, fucoxanthin strongly attenuated the PXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity in HepG2 cells. In addition, fucoxanthin attenuated constitutive androstane receptor (CAR)- and rPXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity in this cell line. Using the mammalian two-hybrid assay, we found that fucoxanthin significantly decreased the interaction between PXR and SRC-1, a PXR co-activator. Thus, fucoxanthin can decrease rifampin-induced CYP3A4 and MDR1 expression through attenuation of PXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activation and interaction between PXR and co-activator. These findings could lead to potentially important new therapeutic and dietary approaches to reduce the frequency of adverse drug reactions. 相似文献
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During surveys of phytoplasma diseases, faba bean phyllody (FBP) was observed in several locations in Fars and Bushehr provinces (southern Iran). Samples of affected plants from Borazjan (Bushehr province) and Fasa (Fars province) were used to transmit the phyllody agent to faba bean, mung bean, pea, alfalfa and periwinkle by grafting, dodder and/or vector insect. Orosius albicinctus (Distant) was identified as the vector of Borazjan (BFBP) and Fasa (FFBP) faba bean phyllody. Naturally affected faba bean plants and all inoculated plants were positive for phytoplasma by direct PCR using the P1/P7 primer pair and nested PCR using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs. Sequencing of PCR products identified the associated phytoplasmas as members of 16SrII phytoplasma group. Phylogenetic analysis using full length 16S rRNA gene sequences also confirmed similarity of the BFBP and FFBP phytoplasmas to the 16SrII group phytoplasmas. In this analysis the FFBP phytoplasma was grouped with ’Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’, representative of 16SrII-D subgroup, while the BFBP phytoplasma formed a discrete group close to the 16SrII-C subgroup. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) confirmed that BFBP and FFBP phytoplasmas belong to 16SrII group. Virtual RFLP confirmed that as members of peanut witches’ broom (16SrII) phytoplasma group, BFBP and FFBP phytoplasmas belonged to 16SrII-C and16SrII-D subgroups, respectively. Phytoplasmas associated with BFBP and FFBP were shown to be serologically related to the Fars alfalfa witches’broom phytoplasma, a member of 16SrII-C subgroup. It seems that witches’broom affected alfalfa fields are natural reservoirs of the FBP phytoplasma in southern Iran. 相似文献
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Karl A. Wilson Berit R. Rightmire Anna L. Tan-Wilson 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1985,35(3):195-211
Examination of the substrate specifity of the carboxypeptidase activity of ungerminated and germinated mung beans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) reveals the presence of two distinct enzymes. The first of these, carboxypeptidase I, is maximally active against carbobenzyloxy-Ala-Phe. It is present in large amounts in the cotyledons of ungerminated seeds, and declines rapidly during germination. The second, carboxypeptidase II, is most active against carbobenzyloxy-Phe-Ala. This enzyme increases in the cotyledons during germination and seedling growth.The possible involvement of one or both of these enzymes in the degradation of the native mung bean trypsin inhibitor (MBTI - F) and its proteolytically modified forms (MBTI - E, - C, and - E') during germination was also examined. The enzyme catalyzing one step in the conversion of MBTI - E to MBTI - C has been isolated with 557-fold purification from germinated mung beans. The inhibitor-degrading enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. It is optimally active against MBTI - E at between pH 4.0 to 4.5. No activity was found with MBTI - F, - E', or - C as substrates. The enzyme has been identified as the carboxypeptidase II on the basis of (1) coelution during chromatography, (2) action on synthetic and natural substrates, (3) sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors, and (4) temporal variation during germination. The MBTI degrading carboxypeptidase removes the two carboxyl-terminal residues from MBTI - E to produce an inhibitor species that co-migrates with MBTI - C on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but has not been subjected to the internal cleavage and proteolysis at the amino-terminus found in MBTI - C.Supported by National Science Foundation Grants PCM 8003854 and PCM 8301202Abbreviations used are: TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; Cbz-, carbobenzyloxy-; PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; MBTI, mung bean trypsin inhibitor; SDS, sodium dodecylsulfate; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 相似文献
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Hou Dianzhi Zhao Qingyu Yousaf Laraib Xue Yong Shen Qun 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):547-552
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro starch digestibility and estimated glycemic index (eGI) of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by... 相似文献
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Effect ofCallosobruchus chinensis (Bruchid) infestation on antinutritional factors in stored legumes
Effect of bruchid infestation on selected antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activities,
of three (mung bean, chickpea and pigeon pea) legumes stored for six months was studied. The three antinutritional factors,
saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), increased with increased storage period. Saponin, phytic acid and
trypsin inhibitor activity values were significantly lower in control samples compared to stored infested samples. The difference
between the contents of antinutritional factors were significant (p<0.05) during different storage periods. 相似文献
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Paddy and Water Environment - This paper revealed the irrigation rate by groundwater, evapotranspiration (ET), total water balance and yield in the experimental rice and mung bean fields in a... 相似文献
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Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, a ubiquitous and destructive plant pathogen, is an important disease of various crops including orchard crops, vegetables and ornamental plants. In June 2012, symptoms similar to gray mold were observed on mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants in Yongchuan, Chongqing, China. To confirm the causal agent, the pathogen was isolated and six fungal isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characterization. The six isolates showed similar morphology to Botrytis cinerea. The rDNA-ITS sequences of the six isolates showed 99% identity to reported B. cinerea strains. The two specific primer pairs for B. cinerea, C729+/C729− and Bc108+/Bc563−, produced target fragments of 700-bp and 450-bp, respectively, in all six isolates, and their sequences displayed 99–100% identity to known B. cinerea strains. All of the isolates harbored two transposable elements of B. cinerea, Flipper and Boty, which indicated that they all belonged to the transposa group. Subsequently, pathogenicity tests demonstrated the pathogen was virulent not only on mung bean but also on other legume crops, including Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, Vigna angularis, Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, and Glycine max. The results of morphological and molecular identification combined with pathogenicity tests confirmed that the pathogen isolated from mung bean was B. cinerea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing gray mold on mung bean in the world. 相似文献