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1.
A new wheat-Thinopyrum substitution line AS1677, developed from a cross between wheat line ML-13 and wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. trichophorum partial amphiploid TE-3, was characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), sequential Giemsa-C banding, genomic
in situ hybridization (GISH), seed storage protein electrophoresis, molecular marker analysis and disease resistance screening.
Sequential Giemsa-C banding and GISH using Pseudoroegneria spicata genomic DNA as probe indicated that a pair of St-chromosomes with strong terminal bands were introduced into AS1677. FISH
using pTa71 as a probe gave strong hybridization signals at the nuclear organization region and in the distal region of the
short arms of the St chromosome. Moreover, FISH using the repetitive sequence pAs1 revealed that a pair of wheat 1D chromosomes
was absent in accession AS1677. Seed storage proteins separated by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and sodium
dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed that AS1677 lacked the gliadin and glutenin bands
encoded by Gli-D1 and Glu-D1, further confirming the absence of chromosome 1D. The introduced St chromosome pair belonging to homoeologous group 1 was
identified by newly produced genome specific markers. AS1677 is a new 1St (1D) substitution line. When inoculated with stripe
rust and powdery mildew isolates, AS1677 expressed stripe rust resistance possibly derived from its Thinopyrum parent. AS1677 can be used as a donor source for introducing novel disease resistance genes to wheat in breeding programs
aided by molecular and cytogenetic markers. 相似文献
2.
Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids for resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus
Resistance to viruses such as wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) is lacking in the primary
gene pool of wheat, and therefore resistance is being introgressed from wild relatives such as Thinopyrum species. Resistance to BYDV was found in partial amphiploids (2n = 8x = 56, consisting of 42 wheat and14 alien chromosomes) obtained in hybrids between wheat and both Th. intermedium and Th.ponticum. GISH analysis revealed that the alien genomes of all but one resistant partial amphiploid were heterogeneous consisting
of different ratios of St, Js and J genome chromosomes obtained from theThinopyrum parent. Translocated chromosomes consisting of Robertsonian, interstitial and terminal translocations between the different
genomes were also detected. The tissue blot immunoassay showed that partial amphiploids having resistance could be inoculated
with the virus but both virus multiplication and spread were completely blocked.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Summary Resistance to the soil-borne pathogen Cephalosporium gramineum was evaluated in Agropyron elongatum, A. intermedium. A. intermedium var. trichophorum, an Agrotriticum, and eight species of Triticum. Only A. elongatum and A. intermedium showed high levels of resistance. Agrotriticum (56 chromosomes) was resistant too. High resistance to C. gramineum is available, but its utilization will probably require the use of chromosome substitution techniques to transfer the resistance into an agronomically useful wheat. 相似文献
4.
Z.Y. Xin Z.Y. Zhang X. Chen Z.S. Lin Y.Z. Ma H.J. Xu P.M. Banks P.J. Larkin 《Euphytica》2001,119(1-2):163-167
We developed some wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines,Yw642, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., showing good BYDV resistance from L1by induced homoeologous pairing using CS ph mutant. Characterization ofthese wheat lines was carried out by GISH and RFLP analysis. The resultsof GISH showed that the lines, YWw42, Yw443 and Yw243, etc., arehomozygous wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines, in which thechromosome segments of Th. intermedium were transferred to thedistal end of a pair of wheat chromosomes. RFLP analysis indicated that thetranslocation chromosome of the wheat lines is T7DS · 7DL-7XL. Thebreakpoint of the translocation is located on the distal end of 7DL, betweenXpsr965 and Xpsr680 about 90–99 cm from the centromere. The BYDVgene is located on the distal end of 7XL around Xpsr680, Xpsr687 andXwg380. The RFLP markers of psr680, psr687 and wg380 werecosegregated with the BYDV resistance respectively and could be used formolecular assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding program for BYDVresistance. 相似文献
5.
Detection of H. villosa chromosomes in telosomic addition and translocation lines of common wheat was undertaken using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), C-banding techniques and polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis. The result of GISH on mitotic metaphase
cells of the addition line `95039' indicated that the added telochromosomes originated from H. villosa, and it was probably 6VS or 7Vs of H. villosa according to the C-banding pattern. Furthermore, the analysis of gliadin profiles demonstrated that the telochromosome was
6VS. A pair of 1RS/1BL translocation chromosome was also found in `95039'. In addition, mitotic GISH analysis showed that
the 6VS/6AL translocation chromosome remained unchanged after being transferred into new wheat background.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Summary This paper describes simple, routine polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of allozyme patterns surveyed in wild populations of four Lactuca species, obtained from the Wellesbourne Vegetable Gene Bank. Using multivariate statistical techniques, four allozyme bands were identified, which distinguished the four species, and an additional two bands, which were related to the resistance of Lactuca species to the lettuce root aphid. 相似文献
7.
Zu-Jun Yang Guang-Rong Li Ju-Qing Jia Xue Zeng Meng-Ping Lei Zi-Xian Zeng Tao Zhang Zheng-Long Ren 《Euphytica》2009,167(2):197-202
Two amphiploids, AF-1(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Anyuepaideng–Secale africanum Stapf.) and BF-1 (T. turgidum ssp. carthlicum–S. africanum), were evaluated by chromosomal banding and in situ hybridization. The individual S. africanum chromosomes were identified in the BF-1 background by sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and
were distinguishable from those of S. cereale, because they exhibited less terminal heterochromatin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the tandem repeat
pSc250 as a probe indicated that only 6Ra of S. africanum contained a significant hybrid signal, whereas S. cereale displayed strong hybridization at the telomeres or subtelomeres in all seven pairs of chromosomes. Extensive wheat–S. africanum non-Robertsonian translocations were observed in both AF-1 and BF-1 plants, suggesting a frequent occurrence of chromosomal
recombination between wheat and S. africanum. Moreover, introgression lines selected from the progeny of wheat/AF-1 crosses were resistant when field tested with widely
virulent strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Three highly resistant lines were selected. GISH and C-banding revealed that resistant line L9-15 carried a pair of 1BL.1RS
translocated chromosomes. This new type of S. africanum derived wheat–Secale translocation line with resistance to Yr9-virulent strains will broaden the genetic diversity of 1BL.1RS for wheat breeding. 相似文献
8.
Among the regenerated plants derived from immature hybrid embryos of wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium disomic addition line Z6 × common wheat variety ‘Zhong8601’, a plant with a telocentric chromosome and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance was obtained. The telocentric chromosome paired with an entire Thinopyrum chromosome to form a heteromorphic bivalent at meiotic metaphase I. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that the telosome originated from Th. intermedium. Two ditelosomic additions and one disomic substitution were identified among the offspring of the plant. Two random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers were identified among 150 random primers used to detect the different arms of the alien chromosome. These might be useful for developing translocation lines with BYDV resistance. 相似文献
9.
Summary Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of DNA to plant chromosomes has proved to be a powerful cytogenetic tool. The value of fluorescent in situ hybridization of total genomic DNA (GISH) of related species is demonstrated in the determination of wheat/alien chromosome pairing in hybrids. Its use for assessing the relative merits of the various genes that affect chromosome pairing is also shown.The ability of GISH to identify the presence in wheat of whole alien chromosomes or alien chromosome segments is illustrated. The potential of FISH for detecting repeated DNA sequences, low copy sequences and single copy genes is discussed.Abbreviations FISH
fluorescent in situ hybridization
- GISH
genomic in situ hybridization
- PRINS
primer-induced in situ hybridization 相似文献
10.
Expression of nucleolus, endosperm storage proteins and disease resistance in an amphiploid between Aegilops tauschii and Secale silvestre 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cytology and gene expression of an amphiploid between Aegilops tauschiiL., native to China, and Secale silvestre L. were studied to reveal the genomic interaction between the donor species. High frequencies of aneuploids were observed
in the progenies of the amphiploid, indicating its cytological instability. Feulgen staining and Giemsa-C banding showed that
only the nucleolar organizing region from chromosome 5D of Ae. tauschii existed in the amphiploid (2n = 28). The nucleolus of S. silvestre was not observed. Endosperm storage protein electrophoresis indicated most gliadin and glutenin genes from both parents were
expressed in the endosperm of the amphiploid. When inoculated by wheat stripe rust and powdery mildew isolates,the amphiploid
did not express the resistance from its Secale parent,suggesting the presence of disease resistance suppressor(s) in the D genome of Ae. tauschii as well as nucleolar organizer suppressors.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Summary The EST-6 leaf esterase phenotypes from euploid, nullisomic-tetrasomic and rye chromosome addition and substitution lines of common wheat were determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that Est-6 is a new set of genes, that are expressed in the leaf. The Est-6 gene set were clearly distinguished from the Est-5 genes which are expressed in the grain. The three homoeoallelic loci, Est-A6, Est-B6 and Est-D6, were located on chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D. An Est-R6 gene was located on chromosome 6R is involved in rye. Some considerations concerning homoeology between homoeologous group 3 of wheat and the rye chromosome 6R are made. 相似文献
12.
A new wheat-rye secondary reciprocal translocation involving T1RS·7DL and T7DS·1BL was detected by chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The meiotic configuration analysis combined with C-banding and GISH on F1 hybrids of this newly discovered translocation with T1RS·1BL and Chinese Spring Dt7DS indicated that the new translocation probably resulted from a secondary reciprocal translocation between the primary translocation T1RS·1BL and 7D in the progenies of Aifeng3//Mengxian201/Neuzucht. On the basis of the cytological analysis of progenies and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (derived from a cross between T1RS·7DL, T7DS·1BL and T1RS·1BL), the translocation chromosomes T1RS·7DL and T7DS·1BL transmitted readily, and appeared in most of the progenies. 相似文献
13.
The wild non-tuberous species Solanumetuberosum is resistant to biotic andabiotic stresses, but is very difficult tocross with cultivated potato. Therefore,interspecific somatic hybrids between adihaploid clone of potato S.tuberosum (2n=2x=24, AA genome) and thediploid species S. etuberosum(2n=2x=24, EE genome) were produced byprotoplast fusion. Among the 7 fertilefusion hybrids analysed by genomic insitu hybridisation (GISH), three groups ofplants were found with the genomicconstitution of AAEE, AAEEEE and AAAAEE.Four fusion hybrids had exactly theexpected chromosome composition, while eachof the three aneuploid hybrids had lost twochromosomes of S. etuberosum. Twobackcross progenies were developed, andGISH analysis was applied to analysetransmission of the parental chromosomesinto the sexual generations. BC1hybrids derived from the crosses of thehexaploid somatic hybrids with tetraploidpotato were pentaploid with thetheoretically expected genomic compositionor with slight deviation from thisexpectation. In the three BC2 hybridsanalysed by GISH seven to 12 chromosomes ofS. etuberosum were detected in thepredominant S. tuberosum background.No recombinant chromosomes in the hybridswere detected. Genome dosage affects tuberformation in hybrids and their progenies,but has less effect on resistance to potatovirus Y (PVY) in fusion hybrids. Severalgenotypes of the fusion hybrids andBC1 progeny did not show viralinfection even in the graftingexperiments. 相似文献
14.
Summary Tetraploid Bromus ciliatus L. is a North American bromegrass that has been placed in the Pnigma section of Bromus. The objective of this study was to characterize the genome of tetraploid B. ciliatus by cytogenetic methods and compare it to the genomes of other species included in the section Pnigma. All the plants of the accession (USDA PI 232214) selected for chromosome counting were tetraploids (2n = 28). The mean 2C nuclear DNA content for tetraploid B. ciliatus was 19.13± 0.07 pg as determined by flow cytometry which is significantly greater than the tetraploid DNA content of B. inermis Leyss. (11.74± 0.16 pg). C-banding procedures were used to identify individual mitotic chromosomes and to develop a karyotype
for B. ciliatus. The genome of the tetraploid B. ciliatus consisted of 16 median chromosomes, eight submedian chromosomes, and four chromosomes with satellites which included one
pair with a large satellite and one pair with a small satellite. The general pattern of the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin
in B. ciliatus was quite different than the other bromegrasses that have been analyzed to date. Except for two pairs of chromosomes, all
chromosomes in tetraploid B. ciliatus had telomeric bands on one or both arms. Some of the chromosomes with telomeric bands had centromeric bands that were located
at one or both sides of the centromere and intercalary bands which were generally absent in the other bromegrass species.
It was possible to identify all chromosomes of tetraploid B. ciliatus and to match the pairs of homologous chromosomes by using chromosome lengths, arm length ratios and C-banding patterns. The
results of this study indicate that tetraploid B. ciliatus has different genomes than the European species evaluated to date in the section Pnigma. 相似文献
15.
Seven wheat‐Thinopyrum amphiploids, AT 3425, AgCs, PI 550710, PI 550711, PI 550712, PI 550713 and PI 550714, were evaluated for perennial growth habit in the field. Three of them, AgCs, AT 3425, and PI 550713, were identified as perennials. Fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (FGISH) patterns of mitotic chromosomes indicated that AgCs had seven pairs of Thinopyrum chromosomes and 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes. PI 550713 and AT 3425 showed similar FGISH patterns of mitotic chromosomes with three pairs of wheat‐Thinopyrum translocated chromosomes, seven pairs of Thinopyrum chromosomes, and 18 pairs of wheat chromosomes. Thinopyrum chromosome pairing in the Fi hybrid of AT 3425 with AgCs demonstrated differences between Thinopyrum genomes in these two amphiploids. Based on chromosome constitutions, pairing and reported pedigrees, AgCs and AT 3425 were identified as a wheat‐Thinopyrum elongatum amphiploid and partial wheat‐Thinopyrum ponticum amphiploid, respectively. Chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrid between AT 3425 and PI 550713 revealed that these two amphiploids contained the same Thinopyrum genome. Two different Thinopyrum genomes conferring perennial growth habit were identified from the perennial amphiploids and characterized cytogenetically. 相似文献
16.
Summary Esterase isozymes were studied in seed extracts of Cajanus cajan and six Atylosia species by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing. The isozyme patterns were stable and accession specific. Within the accessions of the Atylosia species, A. albicans and A. scarabaeoides showed three common bands indicating that they are more closely related to each other than to the other species. Of the accessions of Atylosia only A. cajanifolia shares the esterase isozyme of C. cajan and hence seems to be the closest wild relative of C. cajan. 相似文献
17.
I. A. Khan 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(1):25-29
Thirty‐six wheat‐Agropyron intermedium (host) Beauv. [Syn. Trichopyrum intermedium (host) A. Love, Elytrigia intermedia (host) Nevski, Thinopyrum intermedium (host) Barkworth and Dewey] 7A/7Ai‐1 recombinant chromosomes were characterized using DNA markers. Analysis of recombinant chromosomes using 15 restriction fragment length polymorphism probes identified the homoeologous crossover products that had varying length of A. intermedium chromatin introgressed onto chromosome 7A of common wheat. The linear order of the probe loci was established along the lengths of the chromosomes. The short arm recombinants that had A. intermedium chromatin distal to the locus Xpsr108 and proximal to the locus Xpsr119 were resistant to wheat stem rust, indicating that the rust resistance gene (Sr44) was located on the distal part of chromosome arm 4Ai‐1s. The barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance gene reported to be present on the long arm of chromosome 7Ai‐1 was found to be ineffective against the BYDV serotype used in the present study. 相似文献
18.
Among the progenies of a hybrid between common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yannong 15 and Thinopyron intermedium, plant E99018 was identified with the chromosome number 2n = 42 and stable agronomic traits. An analysis of the metaphase chromosome pairing indicated that it formed 21 bivalents but that 2 univalents were present in the F1 hybrid of this plant with common wheat. Resistance verification by race 15 and with mixed races of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici at the seedling and adult stages showed that at both stages, the plant was immune to powdery mildew. In situ hybridization with the genomic Th. intermedium and the St genome DNAs as probes and wheat DNA as a block has shown that it contained a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes. On the basis of the hybridization pattern of the St genome probe to the critical chromosome, a conclusion was reached that this pair of chromosomes belonged to the E genome. Therefore, plant E99018 was a spontaneously formed substitution line. An analysis by 116 SSR markers indicated that the substituted wheat chromosome was 2D and the most likely substitution in E99018 is 2E(2D). 相似文献
19.
Agnieszka Grądzielewska 《Euphytica》2006,152(3):441-454
Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy is discussed as a species commonly used in wheat improvement. Chromosomal localization of the potentially useful traits and chromosomal position of some morphological and isozyme markes are shown. The investigations using molecular RAPD, AFLP, SSR, RFLP markers and in situ (GISH, FISH) hybridization experiments on D. villosum itself and in wide hybrids with Triticum are summarized. The article also presents the information about designation of D. villosum chromosomes and the current knowledge on the phenomenon of two-coloured D. villosum caryopses. 相似文献
20.
DNA-RAPDs detect genetic variation and paternity in Malus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary DNA amplification fingerprinting using arbitrary primer(s) was applied to the identification of Malus species. Highly variable DNA fragment patterns were clearly detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the amplified extension products, although three sports of Delicious exhibited the same fingerprint as the original cultivar. The fingerprinting of two triploid apple cultivars suggested that the parent contributing the 2n gamete was the female. We applied this fingerprinting to paternity analysis of an apple cultivar of which the pollen parent was unknown. By using 5 arbitrary primers and RFLP analysis of the amplified products, one cultivar was singled out for paternity among six putative candidates. 相似文献