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1.
Sixty-four canine cutaneous round cell tumors were divided into 25 mast cell tumors, 15 histiocytomas, nine cutaneous lymphosarcomas and 15 transmissible venereal tumors. The final diagnosis was made from cytologic, clinical and histologic findings. Cytologic features were significantly distinctive in mast cell tumor, transmissible venereal tumor, and most cases of histiocytoma and lymphosarcoma to allow a diagnostic opinion. This opinion was supported by subsequent histologic examination. In some instances cytology was considered essential in rendering a diagnostic opinion even though histology was available.  相似文献   

2.
Sixty-five canine skin neoplasms studied using immunocytochemistry, included 22 histiocytomas, 18 amelanotic melanomas, 14 cutaneous lymphosarcomas, six mast cell tumors, and five transmissible venereal tumors. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique for reactivity with S-100 protein, kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), neuron-specific enolase, keratin, cytokeratin, muramidase, and vimentin. Detection of S-100, kappa and lambda light chains, neuron-specific enolase, and vimentin were most useful for screening these neoplasms. None of the markers examined was consistent in staining histiocytomas. While reactivity of S-100 (ten cases) and neuron-specific enolase (ten cases) was detected in some amelanotic melanomas, lambda light chain immunoglobulin (eight cases) was relatively consistent in cutaneous lymphomas. Mast cell neoplasms reacted with avidin and, therefore, were positive, even on negative control sections. Vimentin reacted strongly on all amelanotic melanomas and transmissible venereal tumors examined. These antibodies are helpful adjuncts in the differential diagnosis of canine skin tumors.  相似文献   

3.
Mast cells are immune cells that are involved mainly in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, and they have been implicated in tumour angiogenesis. In this study we assessed the presence of mast cell numbers and microvessel density during the progression and regression stages of natural spontaneous canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVT). Mast cells were demonstrated by histochemical staining with toluidine blue, alcian blue and safranin O. Microvessel counts were demonstrated by immunohistochemical labelling with an antibody against the endothelial cell marker factor VIII. Mitotic cells, apoptotic cells and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were counted from haematoxylin–eosin-stained sections. Tumour fibrosis was evaluated on Masson's trichome-stained sections. The results showed that progressing tumours had significantly higher mast cell counts and microvessel counts at the invasive edges of the tumours than did regressing tumours. In both the progressing and regressing tumours, microvessel counts were significantly positively correlated with mast cell counts. Regressing tumours had significantly higher mast cell counts of the whole tumour than progressing tumours. The results also showed that progressing tumours had significantly higher mitotic rate than regressing tumours, and fibrosis and apoptosis were significantly higher in regressing tumours than progressing tumours. There were no significant differences between the biochemical and haematological values of dogs with progressing and regressing tumours. These results suggests that mast cells play a role in CTVT progression probably by promoting vascularization at the invasion front during the progression phase, and that mast cell count could be used as one of the histological factors to indicate growth stage of CTVT.  相似文献   

4.
Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has been implicated in cell proliferation and adhesion by in vitro experiments. Its expression is known to be increased in canine and human gastrointestinal tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between cell proliferation and tenascin expression in these tumours. In tissue sections of normal stomach, small intestine and colon, and gastrointestinal epithelial tumours, the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which is directed against a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen, was used to identify proliferating cells. Serial sections were also stained for tenascin. Serial sections stained for tenascin and Ki-67 were compared to determine whether there is a correlation between tenascin expression and tumour cell proliferation. In the normal gastric mucosa, Ki-67 positive cells were confined to the neck region and in the normal small intestinal mucosa positive cells were confined to the lower parts of the crypts. In adenomas and carcinomas, the frequency of positive cells was increased at the edges of adenomas and invasive tumour margins of carcinomas and there was inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity. Carcinomas with lymphatic invasion showed a high Ki-67-index. There was no relation between cell proliferation and tenascin expression in both normal tissues and tumours studied. The absence of a correlation between tenascin and Ki-67 expression suggests that the main function of tenascin in both normal tissues and tumours of the canine gastrointestinal tract is antiadhesion rather than proliferation.  相似文献   

5.
Introduction : Canine transmissible venereal tumour is occasionally observed in leishmaniotic dogs, and Leishmania amastigotes can be harboured in canine transmissible venereal tumour cells. Objectives : The aim of this paper was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of the association of both diseases. Methods : Nineteen dogs affected by canine transmissible venereal tumour and canine leishmaniasis were studied retrospectively. Results : In these dogs, the tumour manifested a large size and often aggressive behaviour (42%) and no predictive sign of spontaneous regression was observed. Sporadic Leishmania amastigotes were found within the canine transmissible venereal tumour in three cases, probably transported by infected macrophages often infiltrating the tumour. A high Leishmania parasitisation of canine transmissible venereal tumour was observed in two other cases and verified by immunohistochemistry. Clinical Significance : Canine transmissible venereal tumour is a tumour of the dog able to harbour a large number of Leishmania parasites. Alternatively, the systemic disease (canine leishmaniasis) may lower the immune defence against malignancy (canine transmissible venereal tumour).  相似文献   

6.
The presence of apoptotic cell death was evaluated in routinely processed tissue samples of 39 neoplasms of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the dog using the method of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (T d T) mediated deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (d UTP)-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL). The degree of apoptosis was related to the frequency of mitosis, an index of cell proliferation. The correlation between the apoptotic index (AI), the percentage of positive cells after randomly enumerating 1000 cells and the mitotic count (MC), the number of mitotic figures in 10 fields at a magnification of 400 times was assessed by the Spearman non-parametric correlation test. TUNEL signals were observed in all types of tumours as brown products detected in non-pyknotic nuclei, in non-identifiable rounded structures (so-called apoptotic bodies) and occasionally in the cytoplasm, either singly or in combination. An inverse relationship between AI and MC was observed in benign tumours, while no correlation was found between AI and MC in either malignant or locally invasive tumours. Among benign tumours, intracutaneous cornifying epithelioma, fibroma, haemangioma and Schwannoma had high AI and low MC, while histiocytomas had low AI and high MC and pilomatrixomas low AI and MC. All malignant tumours had low AI and high MC, except for fibrosarcomas, which had high AI and MC. Finally, higher heterogeneity was observed among locally invasive tumours, as they had high AI and low MC (squamous cell carcinomas), and low AI with either low MC (haemangiopericytomas) or high MC (basal cell tumours). The classification of the tumours according to their AI (>15.8% high and <15.8% low) and MC (>9 high, <9 low) did not reflect the clinical behaviour of some tumour types.  相似文献   

7.
Proliferative and apoptotic fractions of tumors were evaluated in 41 dogs with lymphoma for prediction of response to chemotherapy. All dogs had advanced clinical stage tumors, were untreated prior to study, and received identical induction-remission chemotherapy. Tumor cell proliferation was determined in all pretreatment biopsy specimens and in 18 specimens collected at the time of clinical relapse from remission. Quantitative measures included mitotic index and immunoreactivities for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67. Apoptotic index was evaluated from 40 dogs pretreatment and from 16 dogs at the time of first relapse. Pretreatment tumor values for Ki-67, PCNA, and apoptosis were compared with posttreatment values. The median first relapse-free interval (RFI) and overall survival (OS) time were 174 days and 445 days, respectively. Of the proliferation markers, only the results of the Ki-67 analysis were predictive for duration of the first RFI but not OS. Pretreatment apoptotic index was also predictive of the duration of first RFI but not OS. No significant predictive value for comparison of the pretreatment and postrelapse values was demonstrated. Ki-67 labeling index and apoptotic indexes were combined to form both a proliferation/apoptotic ratio (PAR) and a sum, or turnover index. Only the PAR was predictive for duration of first RFI on multivariate analysis. Other variables that were evaluated for their influence on treatment outcome included patient age, weight, gender, clinical stage, clinical substage, and tumor immunophenotype. Of these variables, only immunophenotype was found to be of value for predicting duration of first RFI and OS.  相似文献   

8.
The studies aimed at identification of neoplastic cells at the S phase of mitotic cycle in mammary gland adenocarcinomas of bitches. The material was sampled from bitches of various races, aging 6 to 12 years, in which the mammary gland tumours developed spontaneously. The tumours were verified histopathologically and, then, immunohistochemical reactions were performed in order to detect cells which had incorporated BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine), contained Ki-67 or PCNA antigen. The histological preparations were photographed and obtained pictures were subjected to computer-assisted image analysis using Axiophot microscope (Carl Zeiss) coupled to a computer and the Multi-ScaneBase V 8.08 software, working under Windows. Fifty percent of sections from mammary gland adenocarcinomas demonstrated BrdU labelling index of 4-5%, 40% of 1-3%, while in the remaining 10% of examined tumours no BrdU incorporation could be demonstrated. No evident relationship could be detected between the presence of BrdU incorporation and Ki-67 or PCNA antigen presence but a significant correlation was demonstrated between the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA.  相似文献   

9.
Urinary tract infection: The role of canine transmissible venereal tumour   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The role of transmissible venereal tumours in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection in dogs was investigated in 86 dogs. Fifty-five had transmissible venereal tumours, and the remaining 31 animals were used as controls. A thorough clinical examination of the external genitalia was carried out in each case. In the dogs with transmissible venereal tumours, the sites of attachment were recorded. Urine samples were taken by cystocentesis and the external genitalia swabbed; the samples were cultured for bacteria using standard methods. Tumours were found on the prepuce and other parts of the penis in male dogs; in bitches they were found in the vagina, vestibule or the vestibulovaginal junction. Dogs with transmissible venereal tumours were found to be at a high risk of having bacteriuria (odds ratio [OR] = 7.04). Obliteration of the urethral orifice by the tumour, possibly leading to urine retention, was thought to be the main reason for the high incidence of urinary tract infection among dogs with transmissible venereal tumours. Long-standing cases of transmissible venereal neoplasia had a higher chance of becoming bac-teriuric compared with recent cases (OR=29–60). This study indicates that transmissible venereal tumour may be a predisposing factor for the development of urinary tract infection.  相似文献   

10.
The Patnaik histologic grading system is commonly used to predict the behavior of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs, but it is less useful for grade 2 MCTs because they exhibit considerable variation in biological behavior. In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and survivin and a standardized argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) protocol were performed on 121 archived paraffin-embedded specimens of canine cutaneous MCTs, for which clinical follow-up data were available. Cox regression models indicated that the Ki-67 score (hazard ratio, 1.92; P < .001) and mean AgNOR score (hazard ratio, 2.57; P < .001) were significantly associated with Patnaik grade and survival time. A binary Ki-67 variable (cutoff point Ki-67 score = 1.8) was a significant predictor of survival for dogs with grade 2 MCTs. The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival probabilities for dogs with grade 2 MCTs and Ki-67 scores less than 1.8 were 0.92, 0.86, and 0.77, respectively (SEs, 0.08, 0.14, and 0.23, respectively; median not estimable). The corresponding survival probabilities for dogs with grade 2 MCTs and Ki-67 scores higher than 1.8 were 0.43, 0.21, and 0.21, respectively (SEs, 0.19, 0.18, and 0.18, respectively; median survival time, 395 days). No significant association was identified between survival and survivin score or PCNA score. This study shows that both mean AgNOR score and Ki-67 score are prognostic markers for canine MCTs. The Ki-67 score can be used to divide Patnaik grade 2 MCTs into 2 groups with markedly different expected survival times.  相似文献   

11.
This report describes the immunohistochemical detection of the Ki-67 proliferation associated nuclear epitope by means of the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in paraffin tissue sections from nine samples of 16 tissues obtained from nine dogs. Three parameters were considered: the localization of the cells expressing the Ki-67 epitope, the cytological characteristics of the Ki-67 expression, and the proliferative activity of some of the tissues measured by means of the proliferative index (percentage of Ki-67 positive cells measured on 500 and 1000 cells). The MIB-1 mAb reacts with the nuclei of proliferating cells, as in humans. The proliferative index was far from representative, but we were able to give a range of values concerning the proliferative activity of normal tissues. This study serves as a basis for the expression of the Ki-67 antigen by normal canine tissues in order to visualize the proliferative compartments and, thus, allows its application as a proliferative marker in routine veterinarian histopathology.  相似文献   

12.
Five canine cutaneous histiocytomas were studied by electron microscopy and esterase cytochemistry. The tumor cells contained irregular nuclei, characteristic lysosomal granules, and perinuclear microfilaments. The cells showed activity with alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stains. These characteristics are evidence that this tumor originates from the mononuclear phagocyte system.  相似文献   

13.
In an immunohistochemical study of 25 canine chemodectomas, 17 tumours were stained with antisera to neurone specific enolase and the same number were stained for synaptophysin; a single tumour was stained for S100. Staining for Ki-67 occurred in 18 cases; the Ki-67-labelling index and the intensity of immunostaining was increased in more pleomorphic and malignant tumours, as assessed on histological grounds. Immunohistochemistry did not aid in recognition of less well-differentiated tumours.  相似文献   

14.
Immunohistochemical and histochemical stains are useful adjunct techniques in the diagnosis of canine cutaneous round cell tumors, which can appear histologically similar. We applied a panel of monoclonal antibodies (recognizing tryptase, chymase, serotonin for mast cells; CD1a, CD18, MHC class II for histiocytes; CD3 for T lymphocytes; CD79a for B lymphocytes and plasma cells) and one histochemical stain (naphthol AS-D chloroacetate for chymase activity) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, histiocytomas, lymphosarcomas, plasmacytomas, and unidentified round cell tumors. Of 21 tumors with a histologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor, 7/7 (100%) grade I, 6/7 (85.7%) grade II, and 3/7 (42.9%) grade III tumors were diagnosed as mast cell tumors based on positive staining for tryptase antigen and chymase activity. Mast cells were positive for both tryptase antigen and chymase activity, indicating equal efficacy of tryptase immunohistochemistry and chymase histochemistry. Chymase was detected immunohistochemically in both tumor and nontumor cells, while serotonin was not detected in most mast cell tumors, and thus, neither was useful in the diagnosis of mast cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry to detect CD18 and MHC class II was equally effective in staining histiocytomas, although lymphosarcoma must be ruled out through the use of CD3 and CD79a immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry using three different monoclonal antibodies to human CD1a showed no cross-reactivity in canine histiocytomas and was not useful. A final diagnosis was obtained for 4/5 (80%) of the unidentified tumors, indicating the usefulness of multiple stains in poorly differentiated round cell tumors.  相似文献   

15.
Objective : To assess whether wounds from incomplete mast cell tumour excisions are at greater risk of healing complications than wounds from complete excisions, or cutaneous histiocytomas. Methods : Mast cell tumours and cutaneous histiocytomas submitted to Nationwide Laboratories between November 1, 2007 and April 30, 2008 were selected. Questionnaires were sent to submitting veterinarians requesting details of tumour characteristics, clinical approach to the tumour and wound healing. Results : Three hundred and eighty‐six mast cell tumours and 524 cutaneous histiocytomas were identified. One hundred and eighty‐five mast cell tumours and 244 cutaneous histiocytomas questionnaires were returned (47% response). Wound complications arose in 20% of mast cell tumours and 21% of cutaneous histiocytomas. Multivariable analysis confirmed that larger tumours, tumours on the feet and a soft/“baggy” appearance, were significantly associated with a greater frequency of problems, leading to delayed wound healing and dehiscence. Clinical Significance : Incomplete mast cell tumour excision does not lead to greater risk of wound complications. Mast cell tumour surgical wounds have a similar rate of wound complications as cutaneous histiocytoma wounds.  相似文献   

16.
Several studies of canine spontaneous mast cell tumours have described mutations in the c-kit proto-oncogene. These mutations produce a constitutively activated product and have been suggested to play a role in the malignant transformation of mast cells. We hypothesize that the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate inhibits signal transduction and induces apoptosis when tested in cutaneous canine mast cell tumour samples positive for mutation in c-kit exon 11. Three-dimensional ex vivo cultures of canine grade II mast cell tumour treated with STI-571 at 48, 72, and 96 h and tested for signal transduction and apoptosis using appropriate assays were used. There was a progressive and significant increase in caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive mast cells compared to the untreated cultures. Additionally, a concurrent reduced expression of Ki67 and BCL-2 was observed. Furthermore, the treated cultures showed a marked reduction of Kit expression. Our results demonstrate that STI-571 induces Caspase-dependent apoptosis in a canine neoplastic mast cells possessing mutations in c-kit exon 11.  相似文献   

17.
Twenty-seven melanocytic tumours from 20 dogs and four cats were examined for p53 expression and apoptosis. They included tumours that were histologically classified as benign (BM), primary malignant (PMM) and metastatic malignant melanomas (MMM). For all cases clinical follow-up was available. p53 expression was examined immunohistochemically using different monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL technique. The tissue sections were analysed using a quantitative image analysing system. A p53 index (p53I) and an apoptotic index (AI) were determined. p53 over-expression was found infrequently in these canine and feline melanocytic tumours. Apoptosis was observed in some of the malignant tumours. In one feline case of malignant melanoma, p53 accumulation together with apoptosis was seen in three metastases but not in the primary tumour. p53I and AI were not significantly correlated with survival. These results are similar to those reported for human cutaneous melanomas.  相似文献   

18.

Background

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the immunohistochemical expression of proteins that affect the metastatic potential of a tumour, including matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and E-cadherin. Another objective was to determine their correlation with the expression of the Ki-67 antigen in metastasizing and non-metastasizing mammary carcinomas in female dogs. The study was conducted on 32 canine mammary carcinomas (12 metastatic and 20 non-metastatic), classified as simple tubular and tubulopapillary carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of MMP-2, E-cadherin and Ki-67 antigen.

Results

MMP-2 was expressed in 85 % of the non-metastatic tumours and in all the metastatic tumours, while E-cadherin was expressed in 85 % of the non-metastatic tumours and in 66 % of the metastatic tumours. The Ki-67 antigen was expressed in 65 % of the non-metastatic tumours and in 91 % of the metastatic tumours. The mean Ki-67 expression was slightly higher in tumours that had metastasized (1.5?±?0.90 vs 1.1?±?0.94; p?=?0.22). A similar relationship was found in terms of the intensity of the MMP-2 expression (2.9?±?1.9 vs 2.7?±?2.4; p?=?0.50). A decrease in the expression of E-cadherin (2.8?±?2.5) was found in metastatic tumours compared to the expression in non-metastatic tumours (3.2?±?2.3). However, these differences were not statistically significant (p?=?0.63).

Conclusion

We did not show significant differences in MMP-2, E-cadherin and Ki-67 expression between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours due to low number of cases studied, however further experiments are necessary to assess the role of these antigens in the process of canine mammary tumours metastasis.
  相似文献   

19.
Treatment of canine‐transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) with local vascular‐targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) using Pd‐bacteriopheophorbide (WST09) as a drug is suggested as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Male CD1 nude mice were subcutaneously grafted with the xenograft‐transmissible canine venereal tumour (XTVT). The VTP protocol delivered once consisted of intravenous administration of WST09 (10 mg kg?1) followed by immediate local illumination with a diode laser (763 nm). Controls included animals treated with light or WST09 alone. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of tumour response were conducted 10, 24 and 48 h after treatment. Upon VTP, tumours underwent necrosis that lasted 8–10 days and exhibited complete healing by 25–35 days, reaching an overall long‐term cure rate (83%) by 90 days after treatment. This study suggests that VTP with WST09 can efficiently treat CTVT in a single session, as compared with 4–6 sessions of chemotherapy and thus may be feasible for common veterinary practice, particularly under ambulatory conditions.  相似文献   

20.
The growth fraction of 68 canine cutaneous melanomas was determined by immunostaining with MIB‐1, a monoclonal antibody to a Ki‐67 epitope that recognizes all proliferating cells. Fifty tumours were classified histologically as benign and 18 as malignant. The Ki‐67 proliferative index (percentage of positive cells over 500 neoplastic cells) was low (< 15%) in 55 cases and high ( 15%) in 13 cases. High Ki‐67 proliferative index and histological malignancy were both associated with significantly poorer 2‐year survival (P < 0.0001). However, the predictive value of the Ki‐67 proliferative index (97%) was higher than the predictive value of classical histology (91%). The evaluation of the growth fraction by the Ki‐67 proliferative index is highly predictive of the biological behaviour of canine cutaneous melanoma.  相似文献   

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