共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
试验选用10头平均体重为(34.5±2.1)kg的阉公猪,在回肠末端安装T型瘘管后按2个5×3不完全拉丁方设计分别饲喂豆粕、预榨-浸提菜粕、预榨-浸提菜粕+豆粕、高温压榨菜籽饼+豆饼和低温压榨菜籽饼+豆粕5种试验日粮,以研究采用差减法测定菜籽饼粕氨基酸回肠表观消化率的效果。结果表明,差减法适用于测定适口性较差的菜籽饼粕氨基酸回肠表观消化率,且当菜籽饼粕氨基酸对日粮相应氨基酸含量贡献率为50%左右时,即可获得可靠的氨基酸消化率;采用差减法测得高温压榨菜籽饼氨基酸回肠表观消化率低于其它两种榨油方法生产的菜籽饼粕。 相似文献
2.
本试验选用18头初始体重为(24.7±2.5)kg、安装简单T型回肠瘘管的三元杂交(杜洛克×长白×大白)去势公猪,采用直接法测定15种不同果皮、胚乳和胚芽比例的人工玉米表观和标准回肠末端氨基酸消化率,以此为依据建立生长猪对玉米氨基酸消化率的预测方程。试验采用3个6×6拉丁方设计,分为6期,15种日粮,以无氮日粮法测定内源氮损失,以三氧化二铬为指示剂。每个试验期为7 d,前5 d为预试期,后2 d为食糜收集期。结果表明:营养成分含量不同的玉米各种氨基酸消化率存在显著差异(P<0.05)。试验中15种人工玉米赖氨酸的表观消化率范围是59.56%~80.82%,标准消化率则为70.94%~91.87%。通过对人工玉米营养成分和消化率的测定,可建立赖氨酸、蛋氨酸标准回肠消化率的线性回归方程。 相似文献
3.
试验旨在通过采用T型瘘管法,研究精油对生长猪蛋白质和氨基酸等回肠末端表观消化率的影响。试验选用6头(杜×长×大)去势公猪([28.6±1.3)kg],采用3×3双拉丁方试验设计,分别饲喂正对照日粮:玉米-豆粕型基础日粮+抗生素;负对照日粮:无抗基础日粮;精油组日粮:负对照+0.01%精油。每个试验期为7 d,前5 d为适应期,后2 d为食糜收集期。结果表明,在日粮中添加精油可提高(P<0.05)蛋白质、能量、精氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、总必需氨基酸、总氨基酸的回肠末端表观消化率,并有提高干物质、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸表观消化率的趋势(P<0.10)。在日粮中添加0.01%的精油可提高生长猪蛋白质、能量、总必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的回肠末端表观消化率,并有提高干物质表观消化率的趋势。 相似文献
4.
中国不同品种菜粕猪回肠氨基酸消化率研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用 9头 34.5± 2 .1kg的阉公猪 ,在回肠末端安装T型瘘管后按 9× 6不完全拉丁方设计分别饲喂 7种菜粕半纯合日粮、1种豆粕半纯合日粮和 1种酪蛋白日粮 ,以研究中国不同品种菜粕和豆粕回肠氨基酸表观 (真 )消化率。结果表明 ,7种菜粕粗蛋白质和氨基酸 (半胱氨酸除外 )回肠表观 (真 )消化率均显著低于豆粕 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;7种菜粕粗蛋白质和氨基酸回肠表观 (真 )消化率之间存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,这些变异主要是由菜粕中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维水平及相应氨基酸含量不同引起的 ;可利用粗蛋白质回肠表观消化率估测多数氨基酸回肠消化率 相似文献
5.
3种内源氨基酸测定方法的准确性比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验采用无氮口粮法(PF法)、回归法(REG法)、高精氨酸法(HA法)测定生长猪回肠内源氨基酸流量,并以3种方法测定的内源氨基酸值对氨基酸回肠表观消化率(AID)进行校正,通过校正后消化率值随日粮蛋白质水平变化的平稳性来判断内源氨基酸测定值的准确性.选用体质量28 kg的阉公猪6头,回肠末端安装简单"T"形瘘管.饲喂6种试验H粮.日粮粗蛋白水平分别为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%.采用6×6拉丁方试验设计.每期持续时间8 d.其中前5 d为H粮适应期,第6天连续采集食糜24 h,以测定AID和采用PF法测定的内源氨基酸值计算回肠标准消化率(STID).第8天每头猪日喂1次高精氨酸饲粮,然后连续24 h采集回肠食糜,以便用HA法测定内源氨基酸值并计算回肠真消化率(RID).试验结果表明,采用REG法测定的内源氨基酸流量,除廿氨酸、脯氨酸外,都比PF法的测定的值低(P<0.1);PF法与HA法比较,在10%～25%日粮蛋白质浓度范围内,低估了内源氨基酸的损失(P<0.01).除苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸外,必需氨基酸AID随蛋白质水平增加呈二次性提高(P<0.05).必需氨基酸STID随饲粮蛋白质水平的增加呈线性和二次性降低(P<0.05).而RID在20%的饲粮粗蛋白水平内呈恒定平稳状态,完全不依赖于饲粮蛋白质水平(P>0.05).本试验可得出以下结论:REG法和PF法低估了饲粮内源氨基酸损失,HA法是估计内源氨基酸损失的较准确方法. 相似文献
6.
为研究微生物混菌固态好氧发酵菜籽饼并评价其在肥育猪上的营养价值,选择植物乳杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌混菌固态好氧发酵菜籽饼,制得发酵菜籽饼,选择3头(75±1.34)kg健康回肠末端安装"T"型瘘管的杜长大杂种阉公猪,采用指示剂法进行氨基酸回肠末端消化率试验;试验期共3期(27 d),每期试验包括4 d预试期、3 d粪尿收集期和2 d回肠食糜采集期,在3个时期内依次饲喂普通菜籽饼、发酵菜籽饼和酪蛋白为唯一蛋白质来源的半纯合饲粮,在各试验期内3头猪饲喂相同饲粮,酪蛋白用于测定内源氮损失,对发酵菜籽饼进行营养价值评定。结果显示,最优发酵条件下测得硫苷、异硫氰酸酯和唑烷硫酮的降解率分别为67.26%、60.38%和53.24%,粗蛋白质和小肽含量分别提高2.74和2.4个百分点。发酵菜籽饼组的消化能和代谢能分别为12.11和10.99 MJ/kg,显著高于普通菜籽饼组。发酵菜籽饼组的干物质和粗蛋白质的表观消化率比普通菜籽饼组分别显著提高7.67%和13.66%;回肠粗蛋白质表观消化率和真消化率分别为79.38%和86.67%,均显著高于普通菜籽饼组。除缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、精氨酸和胱氨酸外,发酵菜籽饼组必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的回肠表观和真消化率均显著高于普通菜籽饼组(P0.05)。说明混菌固态发酵有效地改善了菜籽饼的饲用品质,显著提高了菜籽饼养分消化利用率。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
本试验旨在研究不同组型饲粮中添加复合蛋白酶对鲁烟白猪氨基酸回肠表观消化率的影响。试验选取去势、初始体重为(35.0±0.5)kg的健康鲁烟白猪生长公猪7头,采用2×3因子试验设计进行代谢试验,2因子分别为加酶(加酶组和对照组)和饲粮组型(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-杂粕型和小麦-杂粕型),其中加酶组的复合蛋白酶添加量为0.1%,对照组不添加复合蛋白酶。试验共分6期,每期7 d。结果表明,3种组型饲粮中添加复合蛋白酶显著提高了鲁烟白猪对蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和脯氨酸的回肠表观消化率(P0.05);在饲喂玉米-杂粕型饲粮时,除苏氨酸外各加酶组氨基酸回肠表观消化率均显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),其中丝氨酸、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸的回肠表观消化率都显著高于饲喂其他2种组型饲粮时(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加复合蛋白酶可显著提高鲁烟白猪氨基酸回肠表观消化率,其中在玉米-杂粕型饲粮中添加复合蛋白酶效果较优。 相似文献
10.
本试验通过在生长猪上测定辣木叶和辣木枝的消化能、代谢能和氨基酸标准回肠消化率,旨在评定辣木在生长猪上的营养价值。选择24头回肠末端安装T型瘘管的“杜×长×大”去势公猪,平均体重为(39.80±1.06)kg,随机分为4个组,分别饲喂无氮饲粮、玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮、辣木叶饲粮和辣木枝饲粮,每组6个重复。预饲7 d后,进行4 d消化代谢试验,收集全部粪尿,用于测定消化能和代谢能。消化代谢试验结束后,继续2 d收集回肠食糜用于测定氨基酸表观回肠消化率和标准回肠消化率。结果表明:与辣木枝相比,辣木叶含有较高含量的营养成分,尤其是粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙,含量分别为26.29%、6.25%和2.70%。辣木叶的消化能、代谢能和总能表观消化率分别为9.35、8.24 MJ/kg和49.26%,辣木枝的消化能、代谢能和总能表观消化率分别为7.51、6.03 MJ/kg和40.81%,辣木叶的有效能值和总能表观消化率显著高于辣木枝(P<0.05)。辣木叶总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和粗蛋白质标准回肠消化率分别为42.05%、42.59%和49.03%,而辣木枝总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和粗蛋白质标准回肠消化率分别为35.13%、37.31%和40.15%,辣木叶的总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和粗蛋白质标准回肠消化率显著高于辣木枝(P<0.05)。综上所述,辣木叶的消化能、代谢能和总必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率分别为9.35、8.24 MJ/kg和42.05%,而辣木枝的消化能、代谢能和总必需氨基酸标准回肠消化率分别为辣木叶的80.3%、73.3%和83.5%。因此,辣木叶具有更高的营养价值,更适合作为生长猪的蛋白质饲料原料。 相似文献
11.
Xiaokang Ma Sai Zhang Qinghui Shang Shenfei Long Xiangshu Piao 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(5):655-666
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in cottonseed meals (CSM) and to develop prediction equations for estimating AA digestibility for growing pigs based on the chemical composition and AA content of CSM. 10 CSM were collected from 10 provinces in China. 11 barrows (initial body weight: 34.4 ± 1.9 kg), fitted with an ileal T‐cannula, were allotted to 6 × 11 Youden square with 6 periods and 11 diets. The diets included one N‐free diet and 10 CSM test diets containing 40% CSM as the sole source of AA. The nitrogen‐free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The AID and SID for crude protein (CP), Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr among the 10 CSM differed (p < 0.05). With R2 values exceeding 0.30, significant linear regression equations for CP, Lys, and Thr were obtained. The best fit equations for predicting the AID and SID of Lys were: AID of Lys = 82.94–0.65 neutral detergent fiber, with R2 = 0.44, residual standard deviation (RSD) = 4.03 and p = 0.04; and SID of Lys = 135.34–1.01 neutral detergent fiber + 34.27 Thr – 58.06 Trp – 84.93 Met, with R2 = 0.90, RSD = 1.42 and p = 0.01. In conclusion, the results of AID, SID and prediction equations could be used to evaluate the digestibility of CSM in growing pigs. 相似文献
12.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(4)
Background:The nutritional value of rapeseed meal may be variable due to the variation of its chemical composition.And a precise understanding of the nutritional value of an ingredient is beneficial for the accurate diet formulation and reduction of feed costs.This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition,digestible energy(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) content,and apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of amino acids(AA) for growing pigs.Thirteen solvent-extracted double-low rapeseed meal(DLRSM) samples were obtained from the main double-low rapeseed producing areas in China.Methods:The DE and ME contents of the 13 DLRSM samples were measured in growing pigs(six pigs per DLRSM sample,average initial body weight(BW) = 48.3 kg).The AID and SID of AA of 10 DLRSM samples were determined in 12 crossbred barrows(average initial BW = 35.3 kg) by using two 6x6 Latin square designs.Each Latin square comprised one N-free diet and 5 DLRSM test diets.Results:The chemical composition of DLRSM varied among samples,and the coefficient of variation was greater than 10%for ether extract(EE),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),calcium(Ca),and total glucosinolates.The AA content of DLRSM varied among samples especially for lysine(Lys) and methionine(Met).On a dry matter(DM) basis,the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of gross energy(GE),the DE and ME and the ME:DE ratio of DLRSM averaged 62.39%,2862 kcal/kg and 2723 kcal/kg,and 94.95%,respectively.The mean value of SID of Lys was 70.52% which varied from 66.54-76.54%.The SID of crude protein(CP),Met,and threonine(Thr) averaged 72.81%,82.41%,and 69.76%,respectively.Conclusions:There was great variability in chemical composition especially in the concentration of EE,NDF and ADF,but no significant differences in energy content of the DLRSM samples were observed.In addition,the AID and SID of all AA were relatively similar among DLRSM samples except for that of Lys. 相似文献
13.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of CP level in corn- and soybean meal-based diets on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA. Six pigs (initial BW, 47.1 ± 1.0 kg) fitted with T-cannula at the distal ileum were fed 6 diets for 6 periods in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The 6 diets consisted of a nitrogen-free diet and 5 corn- and soybean meal-based diets that contained CP of 68, 105, 141, 177, and 214 g/kg. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period and 2 d of ileal digesta collection for 10 h on each of d 6 and 7. The ratio of corn:soybean meal was fixed at 3 to 2 by weight and cornstarch was added to dilute the CP concentration. Chromic oxide was added at 5 g/kg as an indigestible marker. The results showed basal endogenous loss ranged from 65 mg/kg of DMI for Met to 3,104 mg/kg of DMI for Pro. Proline and Gly (1,053 mg/kg of DMI) were the 2 most abundant AA in endogenous flow and together accounted for approximately 43% of the total endogenous AA flow. Of the basal ileal endogenous CP, total AA accounted for 82%. The AID were 80.9 to 84.7%, 85.1 to 87.4%, 72.9 to 79.5%, and 86.5 to 87.9% for Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, respectively, with corresponding SID being 86.6 to 89.0%, 87.5 to 90.5%, 82.7 to 88.2%, and 90.2 to 94.6%, respectively, as dietary CP increased from 68 to 214 g/kg. There were linear increases in AID of N, Arg, Gly, Ile, Lys, Ser, Thr, Tyr, and Val (P ≤ 0.05) as CP increased and linear decreases in SID of N and all AA measured in this study except Lys, Met, and Pro (P ≤ 0.05). Both linear and quadratic effects were observed in AID for Pro (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the protein content of corn-soybean meal diets evaluated in the current study affected SID of most indispensable and dispensable AA, excluding Lys, Met, and Pro. 相似文献
14.
Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has low and variable AA digestibility. The variability is often attributed to damage during the heating process, and it has been suggested that the damage happens to the soluble components of DDGS such as reducing sugars. Combining solubles and grains sometimes produces syrup balls (SB); their digestibility is unknown. The objective of this experiment was to identify potential sources of poor and variable AA digestibility in DDGS. Specifically, our objective was to determine whether the problems are associated with the solubles component or with SB. The ingredients evaluated were DDGS, intact SB, ground SB, liquid condensed solubles (LCS), and pulse dried thin stillage (PDTS) obtained from the same ethanol plant. The LCS is produced by evaporation of thin stillage. Each ingredient was used as the only source of AA in an experimental diet. In a duplicate 6 × 6 Latin square design with 7-d adaptation and collection periods, the 6 treatments consisted of an N-free diet and the 5 test ingredients. Pigs had 5 d of adaptation to each diet, and on d 6 and 7 ileal digesta were collected from an ileal cannula for 8 h each day. Both SB treatments had apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA that were similar or greater (P < 0.05) than those of DDGS. The AID and SID values of Lys and a few other AA were similar in LCS (SID Lys: 63.1%) and DDGS (SID Lys: 61.5%), but the digestibility values of most AA in LCS were less than in DDGS (P < 0.05). The low digestibility of AA in LCS was most pronounced for Met (SID: LCS, 41.9% vs. DDGS, 82.8%). The LCS had less (P < 0.05) AID and SID of CP (SID: 67.8%) than intact SB (SID: 85.2%) and ground SB (SID: 85.9%) as well as all AA. The PDTS generally had the least AID and SID and had less (P < 0.05) CP (SID: 55.3%) and several AA, including Lys, compared with LCS. In conclusion, the presence of SB does not decrease AA digestibility of DDGS, and the LCS evaluated has less indispensible AA digestibility than DDGS. The LCS has low digestibility of AA that seems to not be caused by heat damage. 相似文献
15.
Background
The nutritional value of rapeseed meal may be variable due to the variation of its chemical composition. And a precise understanding of the nutritional value of an ingredient is beneficial for the accurate diet formulation and reduction of feed costs. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) for growing pigs. Thirteen solvent-extracted double-low rapeseed meal (DLRSM) samples were obtained from the main double-low rapeseed producing areas in China.Methods
The DE and ME contents of the 13 DLRSM samples were measured in growing pigs (six pigs per DLRSM sample, average initial body weight (BW) = 48.3 kg). The AID and SID of AA of 10 DLRSM samples were determined in 12 crossbred barrows (average initial BW = 35.3 kg) by using two 6 × 6 Latin square designs. Each Latin square comprised one N-free diet and 5 DLRSM test diets.Results
The chemical composition of DLRSM varied among samples, and the coefficient of variation was greater than 10 % for ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), calcium (Ca), and total glucosinolates. The AA content of DLRSM varied among samples especially for lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met). On a dry matter (DM) basis, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), the DE and ME and the ME:DE ratio of DLRSM averaged 62.39 %, 2862 kcal/kg and 2723 kcal/kg, and 94.95 %, respectively. The mean value of SID of Lys was 70.52 % which varied from 66.54–76.54 %. The SID of crude protein (CP), Met, and threonine (Thr) averaged 72.81 %, 82.41 %, and 69.76 %, respectively.Conclusions
There was great variability in chemical composition especially in the concentration of EE, NDF and ADF, but no significant differences in energy content of the DLRSM samples were observed. In addition, the AID and SID of all AA were relatively similar among DLRSM samples except for that of Lys. 相似文献16.
Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feed intake (FI) on endogenous losses and the digestibility of CP and AA by growing pigs. Six growing barrows (initial BW = 70.3 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. A soybean meal cornstarch-based diet and a N-free diet were formulated. Chromic oxide (0.25%; as-fed basis) was included in both diets as an inert marker. Each diet was provided at three different levels of FI. Feed intake level 1 was equal to the estimated energy requirement for maintenance of the pigs, whereas levels 2 and 3 were two or three times this amount, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 7 d. The initial 4 d of each period comprised an adaptation period to the experimental diets. On d 5, fecal samples were collected, while ileal digesta were collected during two 10-h periods on d 6 and 7. Between each experimental period, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (16% CP) was fed to all pigs for 7 d. The basal ileal endogenous losses (IAA(end)) of CP and AA were measured for each level of FI from pigs fed the N-free diet. Likewise, the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility coefficients for CP and AA in soybean meal were calculated for each level of FI. The total-tract digestibility coefficient of energy in the soybean meal-based diet also was calculated. The AID for CP and all indispensable AA except Lys, Met, and Thr increased (P < or =0.055) as FI increased. The IAA(end) of CP and all AA except Pro decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as FI increased when expressed as g/kg of DMI; however, the total daily IAA(end) increased as FI increased (linear, P < or =0.056) for all AA, except for Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, Cys, Gly, and Ser. The AA composition (% of CP) of endogenous protein was not affected by the level of FI, except for Arg, Thr, Pro, and Ser. As FI increased, the SID decreased linearly (P < 0.04) for CP and all AA, except Arg, Trp, Asp, Pro, and Tyr. The total-tract digestibility of energy was not influenced by the FI level. These results demonstrate that the FI level significantly influenced AID, SID, and IAA(end) for CP and AA. Therefore, pigs used to measure AA digestibility coefficients and IAA(end) should be fed at a level that is close to what is used under commercial conditions. 相似文献
17.
The objective was to test the hypothesis that there is no effect of origin or processing procedure on the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and crude protein (CP) in sunflower coproducts. Six sources of sunflower meal (SFM) and one source of sunflower expellers (SFE) were obtained from Ukraine, Italy, Hungary, and the United States. Each source of SFM or SFE was the only source of CP and AA in one diet, and an N-free diet was also used for a total of eight diets. Eight barrows (body weight: 28.5 ± 2.4 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to one of the eight diets using an 8 × 8 Latin square design with eight periods. The Lys:CP ratio in the six sources of SFM ranged from 3.10% to 3.96% with CP concentrations ranging from 27.34% to 36.75%. CP in SFE was 26.87% and the Lys:CP ratio was 3.51%. Concentrations of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract in the six sources of SFM ranged from 0.60% to 3.11%, but SFE contained 8.77%. Results indicated that the SID of CP was lower (P < 0.05) in SFM from Hungary compared with all other sources of SFM except for one of the sources from Ukraine. There were no differences in the SID of Lys, Met, and Trp among sources of SFM, but for most of the remaining indispensable AA, the SFM from Hungary had less (P < 0.05) SID than the other sources. However, only a few differences in the SID of indispensable AA were observed among the other sources of SFM, but the SID of CP and all AA except Trp was greater (P < 0.05) in SFE compared with SFM. In conclusion, there were only a few differences in the SID of the first-limiting AA among SFM obtained from Ukraine, Hungary, Italy, and the United States, but the SID of CP and AA was greater in SFE than in SFM indicating that processing of sunflower seeds influence the nutritional value. 相似文献
18.
The objective of this experiment was to measure the digestibilities of energy, CP, and AA in 10 samples of corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS) and in corn fed to growing pigs. Twelve growing barrows (initial BW: 34.0 +/- 1.41 kg) were allotted to an 8 x 12 Youden square design with 8 periods and 12 animals. Ten of 12 diets were based on the 10 DDGS samples (66.7%), 1 diet was based on corn (97%), and the last diet was a N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was included in all diets as an inert marker. Pigs were provided their respective diets at a level of 3 times their estimated energy requirement for maintenance. The apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibilities for CP and AA were measured in the 10 samples of DDGS and in corn using the direct procedure, but the apparent total tract digestibilities for DM and GE were estimated using the difference procedure. The concentration of DE in each sample of DDGS and in corn was also calculated. The results of the experiment indicated variation among the different sources of DDGS in AID and SID for Lys, which ranged from 35.0 to 55.9% and 43.9 to 63.0%, respectively. For Met, the SID varied between 73.9 and 84.7%. However, the variability among samples in the SID for CP, and for the indispensable AA other than Lys and Met, was relatively low and ranged between 6 and 8 percentage units (i.e., from 64.0 to 70.6%, 74.1 to 80.1%, and 67.4 to 75.3% for Thr, Trp, and Ile, respectively). The SID for Trp in corn (72.8%) was lower (P < 0.05) than in DDGS, but for the remaining indispensable AA, except Arg, the SID for corn were greater (P < 0.01) than for DDGS. The DE concentration in the 10 samples of DDGS varied (P < 0.001) from 3,382 to 3,811 kcal of DE per kg of DM. For corn, the DE was 3,845 kcal per kg of DM. It is concluded that the AID and SID for Lys vary among samples of DDGS, but for most other AA the AID and SID are relatively similar and vary only 6 to 8 percentage units among different samples. Future work should focus on identifying the reasons for the variation in the digestibility of Lys to avoid processing procedures that are detrimental to Lys digestibility. 相似文献
19.
R. García‐Valverde R. Nieto J. F. Aguilera 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(5):e203-e214
We conducted two experiments with heavy Iberian pigs to determine the ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) in acorns and freshly cut herbage, and the effects of adding fresh herbage upon the supply of ileal digestible AA when pigs were fed on holm‐oak acorns. In Experiment 1, carried out in cannulated pigs of 107 kg bodyweight (BW), daily intake of acorns reached 44.9 g DM/kg0.75 BW. Arg, His and Thr showed the lowest apparent ileal digestibility (AID) values, whereas Met, the branched‐chain AA and Phe had the highest coefficients. The AID of total EAA was 0.716 but only 0.222 for NEAA. Most of the digestive and absorptive processes of acorn protein occurred before the hindgut. Acorn provides (per kg DM) 2.27 g apparent ileal digestible Lys and 22.7 g apparent total digestible AA. Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values for EAA, NEAA and total AA were 0.924 ± 0.020, 0.784 ± 0.041 and 0.860 ± 0.029. In Experiment 2 fresh herbage was given to six cannulated Iberian pigs of 140 kg either as a single feed (13.7 g DM/kg0.75 BW) or as a supplement to acorns (28.4 g DM/kg0.75 BW). When only freshly cut forage was offered the AID of the EAA, NEAA and total AA was close to 0.65 and supplied (per kg DM ingested) 5.61 g AID Lys and 91.7 g digestible AA. Standardized ileal values were 0.744 ± 0.023, 0.912 ± 0.038 and 0.831 ± 0.030 respectively. The addition of fresh forage to the acorns led to a significant decrease in AID of AA in acorn due to digesta transfer to the hindgut: His (p < 0.01), Met (p < 0.001), Phe (p = 0.092), Thr (p < 0.05) and Val (p < 0.05), but Arg, Lys and the branched‐chain AA remained unaffected. The main contribution of herbage to AA nutrition of the grazing Iberian pig relies mainly on increasing the supply of digestible AA for pig tissues. 相似文献
20.
Seneviratne RW Beltranena E Newkirk RW Goonewardene LA Zijlstra RT 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(8):2452-2461
Cold-pressed canola cake is a coproduct of biodiesel production that contains more residual oil than expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted canola meal. Cold-pressed canola cake might be an attractive feedstuff for swine due to local availability from small plants. However, the nutritional quality and content of anti-nutritional factors of cold-pressed canola cake are poorly defined and vary with processing conditions. This experiment evaluated cold-pressed canola cake processed using 4 different conditions: a nonheated and heated barrel at slow and fast screw speed in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Seven ileally cannulated barrows (26 kg of BW) were fed twice daily at 2.8 × maintenance diets containing either 44% of 1 of the 4 cold-pressed canola cake samples, expeller-pressed canola meal, canola seed, or an N-free diet in a 7 × 7 Latin square. The objectives were to measure the energy and AA digestibility and to calculate standardized ileal digestible (SID) AA and NE content. Each 9-d experimental period consisted of a 5-d diet adaptation, followed by 2-d feces and 2-d ileal digesta collections, and 7 observations per diet were obtained. Cold-pressed canola cake contained 41% CP, 16% ether extract, and 5 μmol of total glucosinolates/g (DM basis). Both apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract energy digestibility of energy in cold-pressed canola cake was 36% greater (P < 0.05) in heated vs. nonheated conditions and 8% greater (P < 0.05) in fast vs. slow screw speed without interaction, indicating that heat enhanced energy digestibility. The AID of energy of cold-pressed canola cake was 13 and 118% greater (P < 0.01) than expeller-pressed canola meal and canola seed, respectively. Heat and speed interacted (P < 0.05) for SID of AA of test ingredients, but effects were not consistent among AA. The DE and calculated NE content of cold-pressed canola cake was 0.73 and 0.52 Mcal/kg greater (P=0.001; DM basis), respectively, than expeller-pressed canola meal and did not differ from canola seed. Cold-pressed canola cake averaged 4.17 Mcal of DE/kg, 2.84 Mcal of NE/kg, 0.87% SID Lys, 0.46% SID Met, and 0.79% SID Thr (DM basis). In conclusion, processing conditions greatly affected the digestible nutrient content of cold-pressed canola cake. Content of residual ether extract was an important determinant of the energy value of cold-press canola cake, whereas residual glucosinolates did not seem to hamper nutrient digestibility. 相似文献