共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
强化栽培条件下干湿灌溉对水稻生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在中国水稻研究所试验场研究了强化栽培条件下干湿灌溉对水稻生长的影响.结果表明:在强化栽培条件下采取干湿灌溉处理,在返青期、分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗开花期比对照分别节水1.4%、12.4%、9.0%和11.2%;水分生产效率达0.93 kg/m3,比CK处理提高34.2%;干4～5 d之后,再复水4～5 d,土壤氧化还原电位循环变化,有利于提高土壤氧化还原电位,改善土壤的通气状况,提高根系活力,促进大穗,穗粒致明显增加,单产平均提高6.9%. 相似文献
2.
灌溉对粮饲兼用玉米根系分布及产量影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过大田试验,在灌溉量2700m3/hm2、3600m3/hm2、4500m3/hm2条件下,对粮饲兼用玉米根系分布特征及产量影响进行了研究。结果表明:1)3600m3/hm2的灌溉量在0～40cm土层的土壤含水率较充分灌溉显著提高4.78%～19.3%;2)各灌溉条件下,根系随生育进程不断向下发展,随灌溉量的减少,根系有向深层发展的趋势;3)3600m3/hm2的灌溉条件下,粮饲兼用玉米籽粒产量较充分灌溉显著提高11.3%;4)秸秆产量在充分灌溉条件下较高,尤其在抽雄至乳熟期达到最高。 相似文献
3.
利用痕量灌溉管滴头独特的膜过滤特点,将痕量管作为滴灌带埋设于栽培介质中,以‘釜山88’樱桃番茄为试材,研究了该模式应用于日光温室樱桃番茄基质栽培的可行性及其不同布设方式对樱桃番茄生长、品质、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明：痕量灌溉管作为地埋式滴灌带用于基质栽培樱桃番茄是可行的。不同布设方式对基质栽培条件下樱桃番茄生长、品质、产量和水分生产效率均有一定影响,且不同处理间存在一定程度差异,其中痕量管埋深15 cm为所有处理中影响最明显的布设方式。与表层覆基质处理相比,痕量管埋深15 cm时,植株株高、茎粗、果实纵径、果实横径、果实可溶性固形物含量、产量和水分生产效率分别增加5.62%、7.33%、5.70%、2.80%、8.80%、16.54%和34.61%。基质栽培条件下,痕量灌溉管可作为地埋式滴灌带使用,且痕量管埋深15 cm是该试验条件下日光温室樱桃番茄基质栽培较适宜的埋设深度。 相似文献
4.
控制性交替灌溉对玉米生长发育的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在沈阳地区潮棕壤土上,采用蒸渗仪对不同控制性交替灌溉处理下玉米生长发育、产量和水分生产效率进行分析。结果表明,控制性交替灌溉抑制了玉米地上部分生长,处理2(控制隔沟交替灌水,灌水定额为2/3M)的产量最高,比处理1(均匀灌水,灌水定额为M)增产4.8%,节水13.3%,处理3(控制隔沟交替灌水,灌水定额为1/2M)最节水但产量最低,确定处理2(2/3M)为最优灌溉制度。 相似文献
5.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地灌溉条件下土壤盐渍度变化研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
本文研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地自然和灌溉条件下土壤盐渍化状况及变化规律 ,并对不同灌溉方式下土壤的盐分动态、变化规律和盐渍度的调控进行了研究 ,提出在塔里木沙漠地区控制盐害的较好方式是充分灌溉和延长灌溉周期。 相似文献
6.
微咸水简易渗灌对温室番茄生长及生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过温室栽培试验,研究了两种灌溉方式(地面沟灌、简易渗灌)和两个灌溉水盐分浓度(淡水、5 g/L微咸水)共4个处理(1.沟灌+淡水,简称沟淡处理;2.沟灌+微咸水,简称沟咸处理;3.简易渗灌+淡水,简称渗淡处理;4.简易渗灌+微咸水,简称渗咸处理)下的番茄生长、产量、品质、叶水势、光合特性及土壤盐分积累的变化。结果表明:(1)两种灌溉方式比较,淡水灌溉时,简易渗灌的植株干物质量显著低于沟灌,但微咸水灌溉时的这种差异不明显;沟灌条件下,微咸水灌溉比淡水灌溉植株干物质量降低7.06%,而简易渗灌下的这种下降不明显;(2)两种灌溉方式下,微咸水灌溉均使番茄产量降低,但未达到显著水平;简易渗灌与沟灌相比,果实产量提高约3.3%,且渗咸处理的果实品质优于沟咸处理;(3)淡水灌溉时,两种灌溉方式间的叶片水势、叶绿素含量没有显著差异,但微咸水灌溉时,叶片水势降低0.07~0.15MPa、叶绿素含量降低1.65%~21.8%,简易渗灌下下降幅度显著低于沟灌;(4)沟灌条件下,微咸水灌溉与淡水灌溉相比,叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率与气孔导度分别降低14.29%、19.74%和33.46%,均达显著水平,但简易渗灌下的这种变化不明显,且蒸腾效率显著升高;(5)渗咸处理的0~40cm土层土壤积盐程度轻于沟咸处理。初步结论:温室番茄实行微咸水简易渗灌,使根层土壤积盐较轻、植株叶片水分状态较好、叶片光合等生理活动维持在较高的水平、蒸腾效率提高,从而使果实产量提高、品质较优。 相似文献
7.
不同灌排模式下土壤盐分动态模拟与评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用HYDRUS-1 D模型对不同灌排模式下土壤水盐运移进行一维数值模拟,分析比较了节水灌溉和常规灌溉、暗管排水和无排水对盐碱地的改良效果.结果表明,节水灌溉模式下耕作层含盐量的年内变化规律与常规灌溉相似,在节水14.36%的情况下不会明显降低耕作层的洗盐效率;在连续常规灌溉和节水灌溉条件下耕作层的土壤盐分呈逐年减少的... 相似文献
8.
在日光温室中采用沟灌、滴灌、渗灌、小孔出流4种灌溉方法,通过对比试验研究了不同灌溉方法在不同土壤水分控制范围内对茄子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,并利用数理统计方法对试验结果进行了分析.研究得出:可以优先选择的4种灌溉处理组合为CT_1>DT_2>CT_3>CT_2,其中CT1(即渗灌条件下)当土壤水分控制范围在田间持水量的55%～65%(开花着果期)和田间持水量的65%～75%(结果期)时,茄子长势良好,其产量较相同水分处理下沟灌增产17%;且水分利用效率最高,分别为其他优选灌溉处理组合的1.12倍、1.38倍和1.37倍. 相似文献
9.
肥料酸化对灌漠土氨挥发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
氨的挥发不仅造成了资源的浪费,也间接地影响到了环境,为探讨水肥一体化条件下不同处理对灌漠土氨挥发的影响,本试验设了5个灌溉溶液pH梯度(1.5、3.5、5.5、7.5(对照)、9.5)、两个灌水量(1500m~3·hm~(-2)、3000m~3·hm~(-2))、两个施氮量(450Kg·hm~(-2)、900Kg·hm~(-2))共20个处理,通过盆栽试验来进行相关研究。结果表明:(1)土壤氨挥发总量与灌溉溶液pH、灌水量、施肥量均呈正相关关系,三者对氨挥发的贡献率分别为31.57%、4.23%、64.2%;(2)相比对照,灌溉溶液pH为1.5、3.5、5.5处理下的土壤氨挥发总量分别减少了68.34%、22.39%、-1.23%,而灌溉溶液pH为9.5这一处理增加了48.28%;(3)施氮量增加一倍,土壤氨挥发总量可增加349.97%;(4)灌水量增加一倍,土壤氨挥发总量可增加60.78%。研究表明,在酸性条件下,灌溉溶液pH越低,土壤氨挥发量降低程度越显著;近中性条件下,土壤氨挥发量随灌溉溶液pH的增加而增加,但增幅较低;碱性条件下,土壤氨挥发量最大。在农业生产中,通过调节溶液酸度,可适当减少水肥的投入,减少土壤氨的挥发,提高水肥利用率,保护环境。 相似文献
10.
膜下滴灌条件下不同水分处理对棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探索新疆膜下滴灌棉田方便快捷的高效灌水模式,分别于2007年和2009年在乌鲁木齐采用大田小区试验,通过自制蒸发皿水面蒸发量控制灌水,研究了膜下滴灌条件下棉花生长和籽棉产量以及水分利用效率对不同水分处理的响应;两个生长季的试验结果表明,与全生育期充分灌水处理相比,蕾期和花铃期持续亏水处理均对棉花生长、产量和耗水过程产生不同程度的负面影响,但适时适度的水分亏缺对棉花籽棉产量的影响不明显,而且可节约22.78%~24.88%的灌水量,灌溉水利用效率提高了27.94%~34.85%。蕾期轻度亏水(灌水定额为70%水面蒸发量)、花铃后期重度亏水(灌水定额为50%水面蒸发量)、花铃前期充分供水(灌水定额为100%水面蒸发量)的调亏灌溉模式是一种方便快捷的优质高效灌溉模式,可作为膜下滴灌条件下新疆棉花生产的一种适宜灌水模式。 相似文献
11.
A 2-year experiment was conducted using 84 cylindrical metal barrels, each 80 cm in diameter and 120 cm in height. Barrels were packed with sandy loam soil to evaluate the effect of three subsurface water levels (30, 70, and 100 cm) and four irrigation intervals (daily, every second day, every third day, and every fourth day) in a completely randomized design on growth and production of Hassawi rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar. The 30-cm subsurface water level (SW L) gave the highest grain yield. However, yield decreased as SW L increased. On the other hand, the four irrigation intervals showed significant increase in grain yield as the frequency of irrigation decreased. All yield components were positively affected by increasing irrigation frequency. The most important was found to be the 100-grain weight. The increase in grain yield was associated with the increase in plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, and weight of 100 grains. The interaction between SW L and irrigation intervals revealed that the highest grain yield was obtained at 30-cm SW L and daily irrigation. However, the grain yield obtained at 30-cm SW L and irrigation every second day showed similar yield and higher water use efficiency, with a savings of 12% irrigation water compared to that used at daily irrigation and 30-cm SW L. All other combinations of SW L and irrigation intervals either produced very low grain yields or showed low water use efficiency. Therefore irrigation of Hassawi rice in sandy loam soil may benefit from shallow SW L (30 cm) and irrigation every second day, which may prove to be an acceptable management practice for grain rice production, providing the highest water use efficiency. 相似文献
12.
13.
水分调控对强筋小麦产量和品质影响 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
在控制自然降雨条件下,分析灌水时期与次数对强筋小麦产量和品质的影响,结果表明：越冬水可促进小麦群体形成,但后期缺水,产量不高;拔节水能提高成穗率,增加穗粒数;灌浆水处理单位面积穗数、穗粒数都低,产量偏低.拔节水处理产量与水分利用效率最高,分别比越冬水处理和灌浆水处理提高了13.78%、72.26%和10.29%、47.06%.随着灌水次数增加,产量水平有所提高,但水分利用效率则降低.小麦生育后期灌水和灌水次数的增加对强筋麦的品质不利,特别是灌浆水大大降低了强筋麦的品质.综合产量、水分利用效率,品质三方面因素,优质强筋麦生产上要浇好越冬水和拔节水. 相似文献
14.
Drip irrigation can produce high rice yields with significant water savings; therefore, it is widely used in arid area water-scarce northern China. However, high-frequency irrigation of drip irrigation with low temperature well water leads to low root zone temperature and significantly reduce the rice yield compared to normal temperature water irrigated rice, for example, reservoir water. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of low soil temperature on the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice in the spike differentiation stage. The experiment set the soil temperatures at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C under two irrigation methods(flood and drip irrigation), respectively. The results showed that, at the 30°C soil temperature, drip irrigation increased total root length by 53% but reduced root water conductivity by 9% compared with flood irrigation. Drip irrigation also increased leaf abscisic acid and proline concentrations by 13% and 5%, respectively. These results indicated that drip irrigated rice was under mild water stress. In the 18°C soil temperature, drip irrigation reduced hydraulic conductivity by 58%, leaf water potential by 40% and leaf net photosynthesis by 25% compared with flood irrigation. The starch concentration in male gametes was also 30% less in the drip irrigation treatment than in the flood irrigation treatment at soil temperature 18°C. Therefore, the main reason for the yield reduction of drip irrigated rice was that the low temperature aggravates the physiological drought of rice and leads to the decrease of starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate. Low temperature aggravates physiological water deficit in drip irrigated rice and leads to lower starch content in male gametes and low pollination fertilization rate, which is the main reason for the reduced yield of drip irrigated rice. Overall, the results indicated that the low soil temperatures aggravated the water stress that rice was under in the drip irrigated environment, causing declines both in the starch content of male gametes and in pollination rate. Low temperature will ultimately affect the rice yield under drip irrigation. 相似文献
15.
NERICA rice was developed through the hybridization of Oryza Glaberrima and Oryza sativa in an attempt to produce a higher yield in areas with a limited water supply. This study investigated the interactive effects of irrigation water salinities (0.38, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 and 15?dSm?1) for various water depths (5, 10 and 15?cm) on crop yield and related components of NERICA rice variety. This study showed that increased levels of irrigation water salinity resulted in reduced rice yield, biomass weight, plant height, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content, and increased plant sterility for all irrigation water depths. The threshold values of soil salinity for the NERICA rice for the 5, 10, and 15?cm depths were 2.14, 81 2.80, and 1.98 dSm?1, respectively. The study showed that the optimum salinity/water depth condition for the production of transplanted NERICA rice is irrigation water salinity <?1.50 dSm?1, and a 10?cm water depth. This irrigation water salinity level maintains the soil ECe at or below the salinity threshold value of 2.80 dSm?1. This study showed that NERICA rice has a salinity threshold value of 2.80 dSm?1. Since rice is generally considered to be more salt-sensitive during germination, it is recommended that farmers apply the least saline water available during the rice germination stage of growth. Information from this study will assist policymakers and farmers to better manage NERICA production in Sub-Saharan Africa.
相似文献16.
测定了不同春季储水灌溉定额下啤酒大麦出苗率、生长发育动态、土壤水分变化、耗水规律及水分利用效率,并结合气象资料比较不同灌水处理的优越性,分析不同春季储水灌溉定额对土壤水分、降水利用及作物产量的影响。结果表明,将冬季储水灌改为春季储水灌从技术层面上切实可行;在适宜灌水定额条件下,采用春季储水灌溉技术较冬季储水灌溉技术可减少储水灌灌溉水量75 mm,减少土壤蒸发37.4%,水分利用效率提高26.2%。在实际大麦种植生产中应以春季储水灌定额75 mm,生育期灌水5次,灌水定额75 mm为宜,这样不仅可节约有限水资源,还可提高地温及水分利用效率,达到节水、增效的目的。 相似文献
17.
通过测坑试验,研究了膜孔灌灌水频率和灌水量对夏玉米耗水量、产量和水分生产效率产生的影响。结果表明,拔节期和抽穗期是玉米需水的关键阶段;相同灌水频率时,耗水量随灌水量的增加而增大,相同灌水量时,耗水强度随灌水频率的增加而增大;玉米产量与玉米生育期总耗水量之间呈良好的抛物线关系;膜孔灌夏玉米产量和水分生产效率较佳的需水量是2546～3410 m3·hm-2;灌水条件相同时,玉米膜孔灌比常规畦灌的耗水量减少6．2％,水分生产效率提高23．3％,增产15．9％。 相似文献
18.
不同移栽期和灌水量对晚熟水稻生长发育及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为缓解水资源短缺,增强水稻种植对气候变化的适应性,2008～2009年以晚熟水稻品种辽星1号为试材,在沈阳农业大学试验基地进行了避开春季用水高峰延迟移栽和减少生育期间灌水量,提高水分生产效率的试验,研究了5月5日、5月20日、6月5日三个移栽期和全生育期旱管理(干旱灌溉)、全生育期15～30mm水层("浅、薄、湿、晒"... 相似文献
19.
通过田间畦灌试验,分析春小麦不同生育阶段的需水量及水分盈亏量,评价不同畦灌处理下的灌水质量及节水增收效果。结果表明:畦灌小区50m×2m与漫灌(CK)相比较,水分利用效率提高了26.78%,产量增加了13.08%,具有一定的节水增效作用,结合各地实际生产情况合理推广利用能够取得良好的经济效益。 相似文献