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1.
在内蒙古阴山北部丘陵区半干旱条件下,通过田间试验研究了不同重量种薯对马铃薯生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：在干旱条件下,马铃薯植株生长发育、主茎数及块茎产量与种薯重量有着十分密切的关系。在一定范围内,随种薯重量的增加,每穴茎数相应增加,植株表现生长旺盛,单位面积产量呈上升趋势,净产量则随种薯重量的增加呈下降趋势。以５０～７５ｇ种薯净产量最高,达９２８０．５～８０３１．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,商品薯率较高,经济效益最佳,种薯重量≥３００ｇ,净产量最低,仅３２２５．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,经济效益最差。 相似文献
2.
本研究以马铃薯极早熟品种“东农３０３”脱毒种薯为试验材料，将种薯分成（２０±５）ｇ和（３０±５）ｇ两组，分别按５个密度进行种植（行距均为７０ｃｍ，株距分别为１２．５、１５．０、１７．５、２０，０和２２．５ｃｍ）．试验结果表明，在哈尔滨的自然条件下，马铃薯块茎产量和单位面积块茎数目随着种植密度的增大而增加，单个块茎重量则随着密度的增加而减少．大种薯（３０±５）ｇ播种可以获得较高的块茎产量．在本试验中，种薯重量为（３０±５）ｇ、株１２．５和１５．０ｃｍ时，获得了较高的块茎产量和较多的块茎数．通过对植株地上部鲜重和叶面积指数变化的分析，表明高密度群体具有发育快、生长旺盛的特点。 相似文献
3.
光周期对大豆品种生育进程及农艺性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
张桂茹 《中国油料作物学报》1997,(4)
在盆栽条件下，光照长度对大豆品种各生育阶段均产生不同程度的影响。短光照下各类型品种的总叶片数、株高、分枝数、主茎节数和茎秆重均减少。叶片生长速率在不同光照长度下品种间差异不大，Ve～VT阶段的长短与叶片生长速率关系不明显。光照长度对单株荚数、单株粒重和百粒重的影响，不同品种反应不同。 相似文献
4.
P. S. Hammes 《Potato Research》1985,28(1):119-121
Summary Excised eyes on 5 g of seed tuber tissue were used to grow plants with single stems. These were transplanted in the field
at densities of 120 000, 180 000 and 240 000 plants/ha, with in-row spacings of 16 or 33 cm. Total tuber yield was not affected,
although more tubers were produced at the high densities. Tuber numbers did not increase in proportion to the number of stems.
This was due to the fact that the number of tubers per stem decreased from a mean of 4.8 to 2.9 with increasing stem populations. 相似文献
5.
P. C. Struik A. J. Haverkort D. Vreugdenhil C. B. Bus R. Dankert 《Potato Research》1990,33(4):417-432
Summary Tuber-size distribution is regulated by many diverse, interacting mechanisms and is therefore difficult to understand and
manipulate. It is determined by plant density, number of stems per plant, number of tubers per stem, and yield. Seed size
and plant number per unit area are easy to control, but stem number is affected by less controllable factors. Interactions
between stems of different types are important for tuber-size distribution.
The hormonal regulation of stolonization and tuberization is still unknown, but under the conditions of north-west Europe
the process of tuber set (which is also poorly understood) makes a greater contribution to the final number of tubers than
tuberization. The total yield is also relevant, because it affects both the average tuber size and its variation.
Tubers on the same stem differ in timing, rate and duration of growth. The resulting hierarchy in sink strength is not consistent
over time. Several mechanisms are suggested for this hierarchy. 相似文献
6.
The growth and yield of plants from different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed were evaluated on a per stem, per plant, and per unit area basis using either single or multiple-sprout tubers. In single-sprout tubers, haulm dry weight per stem 47 days after planting was greater in the 40–60 g tubers when compared with that in the 5–10 g or the 10–20 g tubers. This resulted in greater tuber weight per stem in the 40–60 g tubers throughout the growing season. The number of tubers per stem was not affected by seed tuber size. In multiple-sprout seed tubers of increasing size, total tuber number and total tuber weight, as well as weight of those tubers larger than 45 mm, increased on a per plant basis but decreased on a per stem basis. At different rates of planting, 1–5 g seed tubers produced smaller tubers than 5–10 g or 10–20 g seed tubers. Increased rate of planting resulted in non-significant yield increases per unit area in plots planted with 1–5 g seed tubers. The yield increases were significant when 5–10 g and 10–20 g seed tubers were planted at higher rates. The number of main stems per unit of seed tuber weight was five times greater in 1–5 g tubers compared with that in 40–60 g tubers. This resulted in low seed weights per hectare when small tubers were planted and in a high ratio of harvested to planted tuber weight. 相似文献
7.
In order to determine proper selection criteria for tuber yield in potato clones obtained from true potato seed (TPS) and
to evaluate relationships between tuber yield and its components, an investigation was conducted using the five check cultivars
Agria, Marfona, Draga, Agata, and Arinda, and 120 potato clones obtained from TPS. The study was conducted in an augmented
randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and its components were recorded. Correlation coefficient
analysis showed that tuber yield had significant positive associations with number of tubers per plant, average weight per
tuber (tuber size), plant height, diameter of main stem, and number of main and secondary stems per plant, whereas its correlation
with tuber dry-matter concentration was significantly negative. Number of tubers per plant, tuber size, and plant height had
significant standardized partial regression coefficients with very small tolerance and large variance inflation factor (VIF)
values. These were considered as the first-order variables in sequential path analysis. 相似文献
8.
Summary The growth and development patterns of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Maris Piper are compared for one- and four-eyed whole tubers, and four single-eyed seed-pieces of two different weights.
In the multi-sprouted tubers some eyes, especially from the base of the tuber, failed to emerge due to the re-establishment
of apical dominance after planting. Stems emerged first from eyes at the apex of the tuber, and had a larger leaf area per
eye during the early harvests, than stems arising from other parts of the tuber. These differences diminished as the canopy
expanded.
The numbers and sizes of daughter tubers at the final harvest were similar for all four-eyed treatments. Single-eyed cores
of 10 g are recommended for effective control of stem numbers with uniform canopy production. 相似文献
9.
本试验以高淀粉品种晋薯2号、中淀粉品种内薯3号和低淀粉品种紫花白为试验材料,设置了小区试验.在生育期间,从植株茎叶淀粉含量、单株叶面积、单株干物重、单株茎数和块茎数等方面与块茎淀粉含量的相关关系进行了研究,其结果:(1)叶片和茎秆中的淀粉含量与块茎淀粉含量呈正相关.因此,生育前中期叶片和生育中后期茎秆的淀粉含量,可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择的生理指标和品质预测的依据;(2)单株叶面积和单株干物重始终与块茎淀粉含量呈正相关.因此,单株最大叶面积和任何生育时期的单株干物重,均可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择和品质预测的生理指标;(3)单株茎数、单株块茎数与块茎淀粉含量呈正相关或显著正相关.故单株茎数、单株块茎数可做为马铃薯高淀粉育种早期选择的重要生理指标和品质预测的依据. 相似文献
10.
M K Biswas M A A Mondal M Hossain R Islam 《中国马铃薯》2005,19(4):193-197
Potatoes(Solanum tuberosum L)are the thirdlargest food crop in Bangladesh following rice andwheat and make a major contribution to the total foodsupply of the country.Although in many westerncountries potato is the number one staple food,it is al-most entirely used as a vegetable in Bangladesh.Thepotato is a short duration crop that produces a largeamount of calories in a short period of time[1].Thepotato produces more protein and calories per unitarea per unit time than any other major food… 相似文献
11.
Summary The shoot system of potato is a configuration of stems with terminal inflorescences. In this review, shoot development is
quantified in terms of stem production, while stem development is quantified in terms of leaf and flower primordia production
per stem, which are functions of the rates and the durations of primordia initiation. The effect of the position of the stem
in the shoot system on number of leaves and flowers per stem is also evaluated.
Flowering of individual stems is described by the ‘time to flower primordia initiation’ (expressed in number of leaves produced)
and ‘flower production’ (a function of the number and the development of flower primordia). At warmer temperatures and longer
daylengths the number of leaves and flower primordia per stem, and the number of stems per shoot increase by prolonging stem
production and primordia development. Temperature and photoperiod also affect flower primordia survival by altering assimilate
production and partitioning.
The photothermal response of the number of leaves per stem is small compared to the response of stem production; at higher
temperatures, flower primordia survival becomes the principal factor determining flower production.
The similarity of the signals leading to flower primordia initiation and tuberization, and the relation between shoot and
tuber growth are discussed. 相似文献
12.
不同密度和种薯大小对产量及主要农艺性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生态条件下，不同种植密度和不同种薯大小对马铃薯产量及主要农艺性状的影响，以密度为主处理，种薯大小为副处理进行了二因素裂区试验。供试材料为品种东农303。不同密度间，块茎数和总产有显著差异，两性状随密度的增加而增加。不同种善大小间，除净产量只达0．05显著水平外，其它性状均达0．01显著水平。株高、主茎数／每穴、块茎数随种薯大小的增大星线性增长，而总产、商品薯块茎数、商品薯产量、净产量随种薯大小的变化规律则只能用二次多项式来描述。采用新复极差法对各性状在不同密度及不同种薯大小下的表现作了多重比较。要想获得较高的商品薯产量及净产量，并考虑节约用种，提高繁殖倍数，在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生态条件下，东农303的株行距应为30cm×70cm，种薯大小应为50～80g。 相似文献
13.
Summary Tubers from six cultivars of potato grown in irrigated and droughted conditions were examined to show whether observed differences
in grade distributions were simple consequences of differences in yield or were the results of changes in tuber shape or in
the relative variability (Rv=σ/μ) of the distributions.
Differences in tuber shape, indicated by the relations between tuber size (mm) and weight, were statistically significant
but were insufficient to cause measurable changes in the grade distributions.
There was a range of values of Rv but drought had no statistically significant effect on Rv and may only affect it by influencing
the numbers of tubers set.
The main effect of drought on the distribution of tuber sizes was through its effect on total yield and hence on mean tuber
size. Yield and number of tubers define a unique tuber-size distribution regardless of the soil moisture stress experienced
by the crop. 相似文献
14.
The photoperiodic behaviour of 18 potato clones from three taxonomic groups (Andigena, Phureja, and Tuberosum diploid and tetraploid) was studied under controlled environments. Day lengths of 11, 13, 15, and 17 hours were provided with all other environmental conditions common. Six characters were studied: tuber formation, stem height, haulm weight, tuber number, tuber weight, and tuberization efficiency (tuber weight/haulm weight). All clones showed well defined critical daylength values at which tuberization was either absent or irregular. A wide variability for critical day length was observed among clones, the higher values corresponding to Tuberosum tetraploid and the lower values to the Phureja group. Stem height and haulm weight increased as photoperiod increased. Tuber number remained practically the same for all groups but Phureja which showed an inverse relationship. Tuber weight decreased as daylength increased for the groups Andigena, Phureja, and Tuberosum diploid which on the average showed a short day reaction for tuber yield. Tuberosum tetraploid did not show any significant change, behaving as a day neutral type. Tuberization efficiency was, in general, decreased as daylength increased suggesting a short day behaviour for all groups. A regression analysis of tuber yield and tuberization efficiency on photoperiod indicated that, in general, tetraploid genotypes were less sensitive to drastic increases in daylength than diploids. 相似文献
15.
本试验采用裂区试验设计。以品种（系）为主区因素、密度为副区因素，研究７个４Ｘ—２Ｘ选系（Ａ１～Ａ７）及其４Ｘ亲本东衣３０３（Ａ８）以及密度（Ｂ１～Ｂ３）对产量和产量性状的影响。品种（系）间在小区总量、小区块茎数、小区商品薯重、小区商品薯数方面差异极显著。Ａ６品系小区块茎数极显著的低于东农３０３，但小区总产、小区商品薯重、小区商品薯数和东农３０３差异没有达到极显著水平．不同密度对小区总产和小区块茎数的影响分别达到了显著和极显著的水平，但对小区商品薯重和小区商品薯数没有显著的影响。较高密度下（Ｂ１，株距３０ｃｍ）小区总产和小区块茎数极显著高于Ｂ２（株距３５ｃｍ）和Ｂ３（株距４０ｃｍ）。在小区块茎数方面，品种（系）×密度互作显著。 相似文献
16.
D. C. E. Wurr Jane R. Fellows M. C. Hogge D. M. Booth E. J. Allen 《Potato Research》1992,35(2):149-155
Summary The number of stems per seed tuber produced by 17 seed stocks of cv. Record was determined in glasshouse and field experiments
to assess the feasibility of predicting the number of stems produced in the field. Multiple regression analysis showed that
seed tuber weight alone gave the most satisfactory fit to stems produced in the field, which was not improved by adding terms
involving the number of stems produced in the glasshouse.
Quadratic relationships between the number of above-ground stems per tuber and tuber weight were most appropriate for each
stock, with the fitted curves for individual stocks differing only in the constant term. However, there were significant rank
correlation coefficients between the constant terms for relationships between field stems and tuber weight and glasshouse
stems and tuber weight, suggesting that in other cultivars and seed stocks a predictive glasshouse test might still be useful. 相似文献
17.
The objective of the study was to assess the direct and indirect effects of 13 important morphological and biochemical traits on yield enhancement in 28 advanced breeding lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the foothills of north-western Himalayas. Tuber yield was positively correlated with number of tubers per plant (r?=?0.76), number of stems per plant (r?=?0.53), number of leaves per plant (r?=?0.43) and tuber weight (r?=?0.37). Furthermore, tuber yield exhibited a significant negative correlation with days to maturity (r?=???0.39). Days to 50% emergence had a significant negative correlation with protein content (r?=???0.42). Path analysis revealed that the components of yield, number of tubers per plant and tuber weight, had high positive direct effects (0.876 and 0.618, respectively) on tuber yield, whereas the effects of other traits were low (≤?0.128). Furthermore, tuber weight had an indirect negative effect on tuber yield through the number of tubers. Tuber size had a low correlation (0.19) with tuber yield because a positive indirect effect (0.451) through tuber weight was balanced by a negative indirect effect (??0.254) through tuber number. The number of stems and number of leaves had positive indirect effects (0.377 and 0.377, respectively) on tuber yield through tuber numbers, whereas days to maturity had a negative indirect effect (??0.298) through tuber numbers. There were virtually no indirect effects through the biochemical traits. The implications for potato breeding are discussed. 相似文献
18.
杂交中稻粒叶比与再生力的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以33个杂交中稻组合为材料,研究了粒叶比与再生力的关系。结果表明：头季稻品种间粒叶比与再生力呈显著或极显著负相关,在粒叶比的调节下,品种间再生力的强弱可以相互转化;其原因在于,母茎鞘干物重与再生力呈极显著正相关,而粒叶比与母茎鞘干物重则呈极显著负相关关系,即头季稻粒叶比小,单位颖花绿叶面积占有量大,可减少母茎鞘中先期贮藏的光合产物向穗部的输入量,使头季稻收割时母茎鞘有较多剩余光合产物,为再生芽生长提供重要的营养物质;杂交中稻组合间着粒数与粒叶比呈极显著正相关,组合间着粒数与再生稻产量呈极显著负相关,可将头季稻品种着粒数作为判别再生力的重要指标之一。 相似文献
19.
Summary Different amounts ofRhizoctonia solani inoculum were applied to sprouted and non-sprouted seed tubers cultivar Désirée during planting in field experiments at Rothamsted
in 1984 and 1985. Severity of stem canker and stolon infection increased with increasing amounts of inoculum; with small or
medium amounts these infections were most severe on plants from sprouted seed. In 1985 plants grown from non-sprouted, seed
had most stem canker when large amounts of inoculum were applied.
Severe infection following high inoculum levels delayed shoot emergence, increased the variability in stem height and decreased
the mean height of stems and weight of foliage but did not affect the number of stems per plant or final plant populations.
Tuber initiation was delayed and tuber numbers slightly decreased by severe infection and at harvest the size distribution
of tubers was altered. Tuber yields from severely infected plants were decreased by 15% (sprouted seed) and 19% (non-sprouted
seed) in 1984 and by 17 and 28% respectively in 1985. 相似文献
20.
Comparative performance of three small seed tuber sizes and standard size seed tubers planted at similar stem densities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. G. Wiersema 《Potato Research》1989,32(1):81-89
Summary Small seed tubers of 1–5 g, 5–10 g and 10–20 g were planted at the same sprout densities as standard size seed tubers of 40–60
g in order to give similar stem densities. Early ground cover by foliage, total yield, and yield of tubers >45 mm were consistently
greater in plots planted with larger seed tubers. The effect of seed tuber size on yield and tuber number per stem varied
between years but 1–5 g seed tubers always gave lower yields per stem than larger seed tubers. Reducing the spacing between
rows from 90 cm to 60 cm and maintaining the same sprout density was more effective in increasing yields from small seed tubers
than increasing sprout density from 20 to 40 sprouts per m2 by reducing plant spacing within the row. 相似文献