共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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畜禽养殖中会用到一些抗菌药物,而药物选用需要进行药物敏感性试验,目前市售的药敏纸片多为人用抗菌药物,为了制备兽用抗菌药物的药敏纸片,需要对药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)进行测定。该研究筛选了国家兽用药物名录中规定的、兽医临床上常用6类共9种抗菌药物(头孢噻呋钠、硫酸链霉素、强力霉素、土霉素、氨苄西林、氟苯尼考、替米考星、硫酸新霉素、青霉素),以大肠埃希菌为指标菌,通过微量肉汤稀释法分别测定了9种常用抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,头孢噻呋钠、硫酸链霉素、强力霉素、土霉素、氨苄西林、氟苯尼考、替米考星、硫酸新霉素、青霉素对指标菌的MIC值分别为为2、4、4、16、8、16、64、32、250μg/mL。研究结果为这些药物的临床应用和药敏纸片的研制提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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试验旨在评价头孢噻呋与舒巴坦复方制剂的抗菌活性。用双纸片增效法检测超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）;用二倍试管稀释法测定其对临床分离的46株大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明：头孢噻呋与舒巴坦联用可显著降低产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠杆菌对头孢噻呋的耐药率。其中,1：1配比对产酶菌的MIC粥为6．269μg／ml,约为头孢噻呋单药的1／10;1：1配比对产酶菌有着较强的杀菌作用,明显优于头孢噻呋单药。对于不产酶大肠杆菌,复方制剂与单药的作用效果几乎相当。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2016,(8)
为了解铁岭某奶牛场牛乳房炎乳汁中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及对常用药物的敏感性,采集该牛场20头奶牛30份乳房炎的乳样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定,并选取临床应用最广泛的12种抗菌药物的自制药敏片和商品化标准药敏片,采用圆纸片琼脂扩散法(K-B法)进行药敏试验。结果发现,分离到的16株致病性金黄色葡萄球菌,对青霉素钠、土霉素、氨苄西林钠、阿莫西林钠及红霉素等药物具有不同程度的耐受性,建议停用;对硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸链霉素、盐酸林可霉素等中度敏感,可交替临床用药;对乳酸环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋及硫酸庆大霉素等高度敏感,可用于治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床用药。本研究结果为该牛场对乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌感染的诊断及治疗药物的选择提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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采用肉汤微量稀释法测定头孢噻呋对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、溶血性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,采用棋盘稀释法测定头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶（TMP）的联合抑菌浓度指数。结果表明,头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星对5种病原菌都具有很强的抗菌活性;头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星联合使用时,对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、链球菌可产生协同作用,对溶血性巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现为无关作用;头孢噻呋与TMP联合用药时,对上述5种病原菌均具有协同作用。对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的药效学试验结果表明,头孢噻呋高（100mg／L）、中（50mg／L）剂量对感染鸡的有效率明显高于对照药物庆大霉素（P〈0．05）,极显著高于感染对照组（P〈0．01）;头孢噻呋高剂量组（100mg／L）感染鸡的增重率与健康对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0．05）。建议临床应用头孢噻呋治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时,可采用饮水给药,剂量为100mg／L。 相似文献
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母猪子宫内膜炎致病分离菌药敏试验结果显示,头孢噻呋、林可霉素对大肠埃希菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌均为高度敏感;红霉素、链霉素、土霉素对以上3种细菌均为低敏感。根据药敏试验结果,将南平市某种猪场90头子宫内膜炎病猪进行分组治疗试验。将90头母猪随机分成3组,每组30头母猪,治疗组A,用药敏试验敏感药物头孢噻呋进行治疗;治疗组B,用药敏试验敏感药物林可霉素进行治疗;治疗组C,用青霉素、链霉素治疗做为治疗对照组;另外选择30头健康母猪做为健康对照组。治疗试验显示,母猪子宫内膜炎用敏感药物治疗有效,且治愈后的母猪受胎率、产仔数不受影响。 相似文献
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通过乙腈萃取法,从硫酸头孢喹肟的油混悬制剂中萃取出有效成分——硫酸头孢喹肟,以养殖场分离的5株大肠杆菌和3株沙门菌为试验菌株,进行药敏试验;同时以养殖户饲养的罗斯308肉仔鸡为试验对象,试验组于7日龄注射硫酸头孢喹肟.结果表明:硫酸头孢喹肟对大肠杆菌的MIC值低于硫酸头孢噻呋钠MIC值的25％,对沙门菌的效果显著,国产头孢噻呋钠和进口头孢噻呋钠抑菌效果相当.临床试验数据表明,7日龄注射硫酸头孢喹肟注射液,注射5d后试验组鸡群死亡率较对照组降低62.7％,且试验组和对照组死亡率差异极显著(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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[目的]胎衣不下及子宫炎影响奶牛正常子宫复旧,进而影响后续繁殖性能。以子宫健康和繁殖表现为依据,评价胎衣不下、产后子宫炎及子宫内膜炎不同治疗方法的临床效果。[方法]本试验为回归分析试验,在牧场收集胎衣不下、产后子宫炎及子宫内膜炎牛只治疗方案,按临床症状、发病天数及用药方式进行分组,收集这些牛只后续产后疾病（产后子宫炎、子宫内膜炎）发病情况及始配天数,首配受胎率,产后90天怀孕率,产后120天怀孕率,产后150天怀孕率及空怀期判断不同治疗方案的治疗效果。[结果]胎衣不下病牛使用头孢噻呋钠治疗,产后子宫炎发病率均显著升高;具有全身症状的产后子宫炎病牛,使用头孢噻呋辅助氟尼辛葡甲胺治疗,子宫内膜炎发病率仍高于健康牛,但可提高其产后90天怀孕率;子宫内膜炎病牛经直肠子宫按摩同时采用长效土霉素子宫灌注,首配受胎率、产后120天怀孕率和产后180天怀孕率与健康牛无显著差异。[结论]胎衣不下病牛使用头孢噻呋钠治疗,不能完全预防产后子宫炎;对于发烧的产后子宫炎病牛,使用头孢噻呋钠辅助氟尼辛葡甲胺治疗,可降低后续产后疾病发病率,并在一定程度上提高繁殖性能;子宫内膜炎病牛经直肠子宫按摩同时采用长效土霉素子... 相似文献
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选取临床上常用的抗菌药物，按照标准浓度制成药敏纸片，采用纸片扩散法，以大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌为标准菌株测其抑菌程度，并与市售药敏纸片进行对比实验，研制出自制的具有临床指导意义的药敏纸片，为指导实践中科学、正确地用药增加检测手段。 相似文献
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株猪链球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(1):16-16
采用纸片扩散法对兽医临床分离的26株猪链球菌进行了常用抗菌药物的敏感性分析,结果表明,猪链球菌对头孢噻肟及氨苄西林/舒巴坦敏感性最高,敏感菌株均占73.0%;其次是丁胺卡那霉素和盐酸多西环素,敏感菌株分别占57.7%和50.0%;分离菌对四环素、庆大霉素、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶表现出较强的耐药性,耐药率分别为92.3%、69.2%、69.2%;此外,分离菌对氯霉素、头孢他啶、克林霉素、磺胺嘧啶钠、复方新诺明也表现出一定的耐药性,耐药率均为57.7%。分离的猪链球菌对部分兽医临床常用抗菌药物产生了较为严重的耐药性,应引起重视。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE To identify the common serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp. associated with diarrhoea in Australian dairy calves under the age of 6 weeks. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Faecal samples were collected from outbreaks of diarrhoea in dairy and dairy beef calves less than 6 weeks old. Samples were screened for Salmonella using standard enrichment culture techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 12 commonly used veterinary and human antimicrobials was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the susceptibility profiles of dairy and dairy beef properties were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Salmonella ser. Dublin, S. ser. Typhimurium and S. ser. Bovismorbificans were the three most common salmonella serotypes isolated. The majority of properties had one serotype. Most of the Salmonella isolates were not resistant to any of the antimicrobials tested. No resistance was seen to amikacin and nalidixic acid, and only one isolate was resistant to ceftiofur or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The most common antimicrobial resistance was to streptomycin, ampicillin or combination sulfonamides. Multi-drug resistance was detected in S. ser. Anatum, S. ser. Bovismorbificans, S. ser. Muenster, S. ser. Newport and S. ser. Typhimurium. Isolates from dairy beef properties were more likely to be resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline (P < 0.05) and were more likely to exhibit multi-drug resistance. CONCLUSION The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolates from dairy calves in Australia is low compared with that reported overseas. From a human health perspective, resistance to antimicrobials used in the treatment of human salmonellosis was infrequent. 相似文献
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A comprehensive review of ceftiofur sodium and hydrochloride formulations for treatment of acute bovine foot rot 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kausche FM Robb EJ 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(1):83-93
Seven well-controlled studies conducted under multiple management conditions demonstrated that ceftiofur, a late-generation veterinary parenteral cephalosporin, is effective for the treatment of bovine foot rot in beef and dairy cattle. Two preliminary dosage titration studies using a challenge model compared the efficacy of ceftiofur (1.1 mg or 2.2 mg ceftiofur equivalents [CE]/kg administered once daily for 3 days) with placebo. One preliminary clinical study evaluated the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium (1.0 mg CE/kg once daily for 3 days) in lactating dairy cows. Two clinical trials evaluated the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium versus placebo for naturally occurring foot rot, and two trials compared the efficacy of ceftiofur sodium or hydrochloride (1.0 mg CE/kg) with oxytetracycline (6.6 or 10 mg/kg), each administered once daily for 3 days, for treatment of acute foot rot in beef cattle. All trials demonstrated the efficacy of ceftiofur for treatment of acute bovine foot rot. Ceftiofur and oxytetracycline were comparable in efficacy, with ceftiofur having excellent injection-site tolerance and short or no milk discard or preslaughter withdrawal. 相似文献
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马乳源大肠杆菌的毒力基因检测和耐药性分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2023,44(1):24-31
[目的] 了解新疆伊犁地区某马场乳源大肠杆菌的毒力基因携带情况和药物敏感性。[方法] 对采集到的85份马乳进行大肠杆菌的分离纯化、染色镜检、特异性基因phoA的扩增和16S rDNA测序;采用K-B纸片扩散法药敏试验分析马乳源大肠杆菌的耐药性;采用PCR技术检测马乳源大肠杆菌携带的毒力基因、耐药基因及鉴定其所属系统发育群,对大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力检测。[结果] 从85份马乳中分离得到6株大肠杆菌,其中3株为A群,3株为B1群;6株大肠杆菌均对青霉素和替米考星耐药;均携带ibeB、yijP、mat、sodA和csgA毒力基因;均未检测到耐药基因;有4株具有生物膜形成能力。[结论] 对新疆伊犁地区某马场马乳源大肠杆菌进行初步的毒力基因检测和耐药性分析,发现其对青霉素和替米考星耐药严重,并携带多种毒力基因,具有一定的潜在致病风险。 相似文献
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Berge AC Sischo WM Craigmill AL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(8):1279-1281
OBJECTIVE: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of common respiratory tract pathogens from sheep and goats. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 41 respiratory tract isolates from sheep and 36 isolates from goats. PROCEDURES: Disk diffusion assay was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, and tetracycline. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of florfenicol for these isolates were determined by use of the microbroth dilution technique. RESULTS: The most common isolates were Pasteurella multocida (n = 28) and Mannheimia haemolytica (39). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, and florfenicol. Five percent (4/77) of isolates were resistant to tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from sheep and goats to commonly used antimicrobial drugs in this study was high. Treatment of these species for bacterial respiratory tract disease is likely not complicated by antimicrobial resistance. 相似文献
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宁夏地区牛支原体药物敏感性分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(3):112-116
[目的]提高牛支原体病治疗效果。[方法]应用微量肉汤稀释法对宁夏地区分离鉴定的74株牛支原体进行药物敏感性分析。[结果]恩诺沙星的MIC分布范围最小,MIC50与MIC90最小,其次是大观霉素、庆大霉素和卡那霉素;试验菌株对大观霉素的耐药率最低（12%）,其次为恩诺沙星（22%）,对庆大霉素和卡那霉素的耐药率最高且相同（36%）;肺分离株耐药性最强,关节液分离株次之,乳汁分离株最弱。[结论]恩诺沙星对牛支原体的体外抑菌效果最好,但易产生耐药性,应注意用药剂量和时长;肺分离株耐药性最强可能与呼吸道感染牛支原体的概率大且频繁使用抗生素有关。 相似文献
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Vanni M Merenda M Barigazzi G Garbarino C Luppi A Tognetti R Intorre L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(1-2):172-177
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance rates and the trend in resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Italy from 1994 to 2009. A total of 992 A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were tested for their susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobial agents in a disk diffusion method. Resistance to 7 drugs (amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefquinome, cotrimoxazole, penicillin G and tilmicosin) showed a significant increasing trend over the time, while for 2 drugs (gentamycin and marbofloxacin) a significant decrease was observed. Resistance to the remaining 14 antimicrobial agents tested did not change significantly over the study period. Most of the isolates retained high susceptibility to antimicrobials usually effective against A. pleuropneumoniae such as amphenicols, fluoroquinolones and ceftiofur. However, high rates of resistance were observed for potentiated sulfa drugs, tetracyclines and penicillins which are currently recommended antimicrobials for pig pleuropneumonia therapy. Our results suggest the importance of continued monitoring of A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates in order to choose the most appropriate treatment of infections and to control the increase of resistance to currently used antimicrobials. 相似文献
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Taíssa Cook Siqueira Soares Antonio Carlos Paes Jane Megid Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla Karina dos Santos Paduan Marcelo Gottschalk 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(2):145-149
Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen in the swine industry. This study is the first to report on the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. suis isolated from clinically healthy pigs in Brazil; the fourth major pork producer in the world. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 260 strains was determined by disc diffusion method. Strains were commonly susceptible to ceftiofur, cephalexin, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol, with more than 80% of the strains being susceptible to these antimicrobials. A high frequency of resistance to some of the antimicrobial agents was demonstrated, with resistance being most common to sulfa-trimethoprim (100%), tetracycline (97.69%), clindamycin (84.61%), norfloxacin (76.92%), and ciprofloxacin (61.15%). A high percentage of multidrug resistant strains (99.61%) were also found. The results of this study indicate that ceftiofur, cephalexin, and florfenicol are the antimicrobials of choice for empirical control of the infections caused by S. suis. 相似文献
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头孢噻呋混悬剂治疗人工感染仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎的效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将头孢噻呋混悬剂分为高、中、低(10、5、2.5 mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,每36 h用药1次,连用2次;同时设头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组,按10 mg/kg体重给药,2次/d,连用3 d。结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂3个剂量组和头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达80％～100％,极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。头孢噻呋混悬剂中、高剂量组成活率极显著高于头孢噻呋混悬剂低剂量组及头孢噻呋钠注射液组 (P<0.01)。本试验结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂能减少胸膜肺炎放线杆菌人工感染引起的临床症状,降低死亡率。作为注射剂治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,以5～10 mg/kg体重的剂量为佳。 相似文献