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1.
《水禽世界》1984,(2)
孵化 (一)种蛋合格率;数占产蛋总数的百分比。指种母禽在规定的产蛋期内所产符合本品种、品系要求的种蛋种蛋合格率(%)=合格种蛋数产蛋总数X 100(二)受精率:受精蛋占入孵蛋的百分比。血圈、血线蛋按受精蛋计算;散黄蛋按无精蛋计算。受精率(%)=受精蛋数入孵蛋数X 100(三)孵化率(出雏率):1.受精蛋孵化率:出雏数占受精蛋数的百分比。受精蛋孵化率(%)=出雏数受精蛋数X 1002.入孵蛋孵化率:出雏数占.入孵蛋数的百分比。入孵蛋孵化率(%)=出雏数入孵蛋数X 100健雏指适时出壳、绒毛正常,脐比分百的数雏出占。数者禽形雏畸康1无健、指泼 :活率神雏精… 相似文献
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《水禽世界》2015,(7)
为了更好地对京海黄鸡配套系繁殖性能进行选择育种,对京海黄鸡杂交配套系(B♂×(F♂×J♀)简称:FBJ)繁殖性状进行了相关分析。数据来自连续四个世代配套系孵化成绩数据记录,对产蛋周、种蛋合格率、毛蛋率、种蛋受精率、入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率等孵化性能进行了相关分析,同时对后4个指标进行了相关分析并建立了种蛋受精率对孵化率、健雏率等的回归方程6个,结果表明:杂交配套系FBJ入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率与受精率之间的相关系数分别为0.997、0.918,且相关极显著;入孵蛋孵化率与受精蛋孵化率之间相关系数为0.938,相关极显著;产蛋周与种蛋合格率、受精蛋孵化率之间为负相关,相关系数分别为-0.369、-0.398,且相关显著,研究结果为京海黄鸡繁殖性能测定和育种提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(6)
为了比较不同品种鸭的种蛋孵化性能,本试验选取福建省石狮市水禽保种中心国家水禽基因库内饲养的攸县麻鸭、麻旺鸭和三穗鸭三个蛋鸭品种,在相同的条件下孵化种蛋。孵化中对无精蛋数、死胚蛋数、受精蛋数、种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、出雏数、入孵蛋孵化率等孵化性能进行统计比较。研究发现麻旺鸭种蛋孵化性能最高,三穗鸭次之,攸县麻鸭最低。 相似文献
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修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋孵化效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了掌握修水黄羽乌鸡的种质特性,本文统计、分析了15批次种蛋的孵化性能,并进行各项指标之间的相关性分析和前、中、后期性能差异显著性分析.结果表明:在正常情况下,修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋的受精率平均为94.43％;平均入孵蛋孵化率为81.15％;平均受精蛋孵化率为85.91％;健雏率为平均97.46％.受精率与孵化率和健雏率、孵化率与健雏率均有较强的正相关.受精率、孵化率和健雏率均是中期最高,对应的受精率差异不显著,孵化率和健雏率差异显著.修水黄羽乌鸡种蛋的受精率和健雏率已达较高水平,孵化率有待提高. 相似文献
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仙湖肉鸭A系种蛋重与蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将仙湖肉鸭A系种蛋按蛋重分为7组、按蛋形指数大小分为6组,在相同条件下孵化,结果表明,蛋重不仅对孵化率、死胚率影响较大,而且对受精率亦有影响。当蛋重在95～99g(D组)时,孵化效果最好,种蛋受精率96.18%,受精蛋孵化率高达83.86%,入孵蛋孵化率达80.66%。当蛋重大于110g时,种蛋受精率下降至89.74%,受精蛋孵化率下降至71.43%,入孵蛋孵化率下降至64.10%;当蛋重小于85g时,受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率分别下降至73.02%和71.88%。蛋形指数对孵化率、死胚率影响也较大,当蛋形指数为0.66～0.74时,受精蛋孵化率达80%以上,入孵蛋孵化率达76%以上,死胚率小于15%,孵化效果较好,且与其它各组差异显著。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对柴鸡繁殖性能的影响.通过对孵化场来自放养华北柴鸡和笼养华北柴鸡不同季节种蛋孵化性能调查,并进行饲养试验比较两种来源种蛋后代饲养效果.结果表明:放养鸡种蛋受精率、孵化率和健雏率极显著低于笼养鸡种蛋(P<0.01),死胚率极显著高于笼养鸡种蛋;季节显著影响种蛋受精率(P<0.05)、受精蛋孵化率(P<0.05)、入孵蛋孵化率(P<0.05)和健雏率(P<0.01);季节和种蛋来源对受精蛋孵化率、健雏率存在互作效应(P<0.05).但是,放养条件好的情况下种蛋也可以达到种鸡场种蛋一致的孵化性能效果.不同来源种蛋对雏鸡的生长性能均没有显著差异(P>0.05).放养鸡种蛋影响孵化性能,但对雏鸡饲养效果没有影响,管理条件好的放养鸡可以留作种用. 相似文献
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为研究不同输氧浓度对拉萨白鸡种蛋孵化效果的影响,选用5世代拉萨白鸡种蛋进行孵化。试验分为8组,每组各1 000枚拉萨白鸡种蛋,对照组全程不输氧,试验1组的氧气浓度为21.00%~22.50%,试验2组的氧气浓度为22.51%~23.50%,试验3组的氧气浓度为23.51%~24.50%,试验4组的氧气浓度为24.51%~25.50%,试验5组的氧气浓度为25.51%~26.50%,试验6组的氧气浓度为26.51%~27.50%,试验7组的氧气浓度为27.51%~28.50%。结果表明,试验7组的总出雏数、健雏个数、健雏率、入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率均最高,分别为：851羽、813羽、95.53%、85.10%、91.21%;试验7组的头照死胚个数、死精率、二照死胚个数、弱雏率、毛蛋个数、死胎率均最低,分别为：18枚、1.93%、29枚、3.88%、35枚、3.75%;对照组的无精蛋个数、头照死胚个数、死精率、二照死胚个数、死雏个数、死雏率、毛蛋个数、死胎率均最高,分别为：68枚、87枚、9.33%、146枚、8枚、1.42%、136枚、14.59%;对照组的受精蛋个数、受精率、总出雏数、健雏个数、健雏率、入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率均最低,分别为：932枚、93.20%、563羽、529羽、93.96%、56.30%、60.40%;试验2组的弱雏率均最高,为4.88%;试验6组的受精蛋个数、受精率、弱雏个数均最高,分别为：942枚、94.20%、37羽;试验6组的无精蛋个数、死雏率均最低,分别为：58枚、0.49%。通过该试验,为拉萨白鸡种蛋在高原上进行供氧孵化试验提供理论参考。 相似文献
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取同样饲养条件下的樱桃谷种鸭蛋50652个和北京鸭种蛋46074个，分8批作孵化对比试验。观察两种鸭种蛋的受精率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。结果表明，北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭种蛋受精率分别为89．0％和88．6％，人孵蛋孵化率分别为83．3％和79．2％，健雏率分别为93．l％和94．4％?.. 相似文献
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为了研究蛋形指数对拉萨白鸡种蛋孵化效果的影响,在相同孵化条件下,选用3世代47周龄拉萨白鸡种蛋,按蛋形指数分组进行孵化,并对蛋形指数与孵化效果的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,蛋形指数(横径/纵径)在0.68~0.72时,0胚龄蛋重、纵径均值、头照(第11日胚龄)蛋重、二照(第20日胚龄)蛋重最大,分别为:(51.92±5.27)g、(57.71±1.97)mm、(48.95±4.67)g、(45.47±3.97)g;蛋形指数(横径/纵径)在0.73~0.77时,入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率和雏鸡的初生重最大,分别为:82.65%、86.60%、(36.31±4.71)g;蛋形指数(横径/纵径)在0.78~0.82时,头照(第11日胚龄)失重、头照(第11日胚龄)失重率、二照(第20日胚龄)失重、二照(第20日胚龄)失重率最大,分别为:(3.35±0.93)g、(6.64±1.54)%、(6.70±1.47)g、(13.47±2.56)%;蛋形指数(横径/纵径)在0.83~0.87时,橫径均值、受精率、健雏率、雏鸡初生重占入孵蛋重的百分比最大,分别为:(42.82±1.23)mm、97.26%、95.96%、(70.23±3.58)%;雏鸡初生重与雏鸡初生重占入孵蛋重的百分比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。该研究为拉萨白鸡今后的选育提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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I Halle 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1999,52(4):371-390
The aim of two experiments with broiler breeder hens was to evaluate the effect of diets containing palm butter or safflower oil (25 g and 50 g/kg feed, resp.) on fertility, hatchability and growth of progeny. Especially the incorporation of oleic and linoleic acid in egg yolk reflected the dietary fatty acid source. Eggs were collected and stored in the incubator at a hen age of 31, 40, 50, and 60 weeks. Hatched chicks were reared over 5 weeks. The number of fertile eggs (Experiment 1 and 2, 75 and 88%, resp.) differed between the experiments (P < or = 0.05). Neither embryonic mortality nor hatchability (Experiment 1 and 2, 76 and 78%, resp.) were significantly affected by fatty acid composition of yolk. No clear maternal dietary effect was recorded on chicken weight at hatching (Experiment 1 and 2, 43.3 g and 43.7 g, resp.) and at 35 days of age (Experimental 1 and 2, 1676 g and 1764 g, resp.) The fatty acid composition in the analysed egg yolk sac of chicks showed a different fatty level but corresponded to fatty acid composition of breeding eggs before incubation. According to a decreased level of docosahexaenoic acid in egg yolk due to increased incorporation of linoleic acid, the content of this fatty acid was also diminished in phospholipids of the brain of chicken on days 1 and 5 after hatching. 相似文献
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ZONG Yunhe WANG Panlin YE Jianhua FAN Jing SHI Lei LI Yunlei NI Aixin CHEN Chao MA Hui SUN Yanyan CHEN Jilan 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(12):4024-4031
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different intensities of monochromatic green light on hatching,embryo development,and early growth and development of chickens during incubation.810 New Pudong chicken eggs with similar size were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=270).The eggs were hatched in dark,low illumination (20~50 lux),or high illumination (200~300 lux) LED monochromatic green light (λ=525 nm) respectively during 1~18.5 days of incubation period,with 24 h light per day.From 18.5 days of incubation,the eggs of 3 groups were transferred to the same hatcher without light.Incubation temperature and humidity conditions were consistent among groups.The hatchability of fertile eggs,percentage of early dead embryo,body weight (BW) at birth and 10 weeks of age,serum hormones (thyroid hormone,calcitonin,growth hormone,melatonin and osteocalcin),and blood physiological and biochemical indicators (alkaline phosphatase,insulin-like growth factor and calcium of one-day-old and 3-week-old chicks) were examined.The results showed that 3 groups had similar early dead embryo number and percentage.At the 20.5 d after incubation,the hatchability of fertile eggs in the low illumination group and the high illumination group was about 2.3 times and 5.2 times of that in the dark group.At the 21.5 d after incubation,the hatchability of fertile eggs in the dark group was 82.8%.This parameter of the low illumination group and high illumination group was 6.5% and 1.9% higher than that of the dark group.The percentage of healthy chicks of dark group was 98.6%,this parameter of the low illumination group was 0.4% lower than that of dark group,while high illumination group and dark group was almost the same.The birth BW of males of the high illumination group was lower than that of the other two groups (P<0.05),but there was no difference between the low illumination group and the dark group (P>0.05).The trend of birth BW of females was basically consistent with that of males.The birth BW of female chicks in the high illumination group was lower than those of other two groups (P<0.05),and there was no difference between other two groups (P>0.05).At 10 weeks of age,there was no difference in BW between males or females of 3 groups (P<0.05).For the day-old chicks,there was no difference in blood and hormones indicators among groups (P>0.05).For the 3-week-old New Pudong roosters,the serum melatonin level(P<0.05)in the high and low illumination groups were higher than that in the dark group,and there was no difference in other indicators (P>0.05).In conclusion,compared to the dark condition,providing proper intensity of monochromatic green light during the incubation could promote the development of chicken embryo,and advance the hatching process without impairing chicks’health and following growth performance. 相似文献
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试验旨在探究孵化期单色绿光不同光照强度对鸡孵化和早期生长发育的影响。选用810个大小均匀的新浦东鸡种蛋,随机分为3组（n=270）,孵化期1~18.5 d分别在黑暗、低照度（20~50 lux）和高照度（200~300 lux）的LED单色绿光（λ=525 nm）条件下孵化,每天光照24 h,各组种蛋于第18.5天转至同一台无光出雏器中,各组温度和湿度等其他孵化条件始终保持一致。检测各组受精蛋孵化率、死胚率、初生重、10周龄体重、初生雏鸡及3周龄公鸡的血清激素浓度（甲状腺素、降钙素、生长激素、褪黑激素和骨钙素等）和血液生理生化指标（碱性磷酸酶、胰岛素样生长因子和钙等含量）。结果表明：各组种蛋的死胚数和死胚率差异较小;孵化的20.5 d低照度组和高照度组的受精蛋孵化率分别为黑暗组的2.3倍和5.2倍;孵化的21.5 d黑暗组的受精蛋孵化率为82.8%,低照度组和高照度组的孵化率分别比黑暗组高6.5%和1.9%;黑暗组的健雏率为98.6%,低照度组的健雏率比黑暗组低0.4%,而高照度组与黑暗组的健雏率接近;高照度组公雏初生重显著低于黑暗组（P<0.05）,而低照度组与黑暗组无显著差异（P>0.05）。母雏初生重趋势与公雏基本一致,高照度组母雏初生重显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）,其他两组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;在10周龄,各组公鸡和母鸡体重无显著差异（P<0.05）;各组1日龄公雏血液生理生化和激素指标无显著差异（P>0.05）,3周龄公鸡高照度组和低照度组褪黑激素含量显著高于黑暗组（P<0.05）,其他指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,在种蛋的孵化过程中,与黑暗条件下相比,给予适宜强度的单色绿光能够促进鸡胚发育,在不影响雏鸡健康的前提下使出雏时间提前,孵化期光照对后期生长发育影响较小。 相似文献
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1. Eggs were stored for two different times at varying temperatures. The effects on hatchability, chick weight at hatch and hatching time were examined in two broiler breeder lines from 33 to 58 weeks of age. 2. Short storage (1 to 3 d). Storage at 20 degrees C compared with 16.5 degrees C reduced hatchability of all eggs set. No effect was observed on hatchability of fertile eggs, hatching time or chick weight. 3. Long storage (9 to 11 d). Storage at 16.5 degrees C compared with 10 degrees C decreased both hatchability of fertile eggs and chick weight at hatch. Incidence of early embryonic death increased and incubation time decreased at 16.5 degrees C compared with 10 degrees C. 4. Chicks from morning eggs were heavier than those from afternoon eggs irrespective of storage conditions. 5. Hatchability (all eggs set and fertile eggs) and chick weight varied with hen age irrespective of storage conditions. During long storage, hatching time varied with hen age independently of breeder line, storage temperature or egg laying time. 6. Hatchability (all eggs set and fertile eggs) was higher in line A than in line B. Line B eggs hatched later and produced heavier chicks than line A eggs irrespective of storage time. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同水平蛋重与蛋形指数对籽鹅种蛋孵化效果的影响,进而总结出种蛋筛选的最佳方案,为籽鹅个体、家系种蛋的选留及籽鹅的繁衍、孵化、生产提供科学参考。选取二年籽鹅种蛋2 469枚,蛋重为94.8~154.4 g,平均蛋重（123.3±9.5）g;蛋形指数为1.24~1.63,平均蛋形指数1.45±0.05。采用2因素4水平试验设计,将所有种蛋按蛋重与蛋形指数分成16个孵化组（蛋重与蛋形指数分别分为4个水平）,测量每枚种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数,并在蛋壳上做好编号,在相同孵化条件、同一孵化设备中进行两次孵化试验。结果表明,①蛋重<118.0 g组种蛋受精率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,125.0~131.9 g组次之,且受精蛋孵化率随着蛋重增大升高;125.0~131.9 g组种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>131.9 g组次之;>131.9 g组种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重最大。②蛋形指数在1.47~1.51组种蛋受精率及种蛋孵化健雏率最高,>1.51组次之;1.47~1.51组种蛋受精蛋孵化率最高,1.42~1.46组次之。分析以上结果可得出：籽鹅种蛋蛋重对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重有显著影响（P<0.05）,以籽鹅蛋重在125.0~154.4 g为宜;蛋形指数对种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率亦有显著影响（P<0.05）,对种蛋孵出鹅雏出生重无影响（P>0.05）,以蛋形指数在1.47~1.51为宜。籽鹅种蛋蛋重与蛋形指数对受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率、鹅雏出生重的影响均存在交互作用。其中,蛋形指数对种蛋孵化健雏率的影响较蛋重强,其作为单一因素对鹅雏出生重无影响。以上结果表明,以蛋重或蛋形指数任一因素作为种蛋筛选的依据都不科学,应综合考虑以达到种蛋优选的目的。 相似文献
17.
This paper was aimed to study the impact of hatching egg weights and egg shape indexs on hatching of Zi goose,and then sum up the best scheme for hatching eggs screening,so as to provide scientific reference for the selection and retention of Zi goose individuals and family hatching eggs,as well as the breeding and incubation production.2469 hatching eggs of Zi geese of the second year were chosen with the weight range of 94.8 to 154.4 g and an average weight of (123.3±9.5) g;the egg shape index range was 1.24~1.63 and the average index was 1.45±0.05.Using 2 factors 4 levels test design,the weight and the shape index of eggs were divided into four levels and all the eggs were separated into 16 hatching groups.The weight and the shape index were measured and labeled on eggshells.Two hatching experiments were conducted in the same instrument and the hatching conditions were same.The results showed that:① Egg fertility rate was the highest in egg weight <118.0 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;Hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest in >131.9 g group,followed by 125.0~131.9 g group,and the hatchability of fertilized eggs increased along with the increase of egg weight;The highest healthy chick rate of breeding egg hatching lay in 125.0~131.9 g group,followed by >131.9 g group;The highest breeding egg hatching gosling birth weight lay in >131.9 group.② When egg shape index was between 1.47 to 1.51,the egg fertility rate and healthy chick rate were the highest,followed by >1.51 group;In the group 1.47 to 1.51,hatchability of fertilized eggs was the highest,followed by 1.42 to 1.46 group.In conclusion,hatching egg weight of Zi goose had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight (P<0.05),and the egg weight of Zi goose between 125.0~154.4 g was advisable;on the other hand,egg shape index also had significant impact on egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs and healthy chick rate (P<0.05),but had no impact on gosling birth weight (P>0.05),and the egg shape index between 1.47 to 1.51 was appropriate.Egg fertility rate,hatchability of fertilized eggs,healthy chick rate and gosling birth weight were affected by interaction of egg weight and shape index.Compared with the weight of eggs,the egg shape index had greater influence on healthy geese rate.The egg shape index had no direct impact on birth weight of young geese,but it could be influenced by the interaction between the egg shape index and the weight.Thus it was not very scientific to take either the weight or the index as the only basis for choosing qualified hatching eggs. 相似文献
18.
Effect of breeder age and breeding season on egg production and incubation in farmed ostriches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
(1) This research was carried out to investigate changes in egg production and hatchability as influenced by age and breeding season of 10 trios (two females, one male) of ostrich (Struthio camellus) during 1998 to 2002. (2) Breeding season affected number of eggs laid per female per season, average egg weight, length of laying period and clutch sequence. (3) The number of eggs laid per female per season was 25 in the first breeding season and 57 by the fifth breeding season. The laying period lasted 169 d in the first season whereas it was 210 d by the fifth season. The breeding season became longer year by year. (4) The number of clutches was two in the first season, three in the second and 4 in the later breeding seasons: the mean interval between cycles was 9 to 10.6 d and the mean number of eggs in one cycle varied from 12 to 14.4. (5) The breeding season affected the hatchability of fertile eggs, chick weight at hatching, hatchability of total eggs, fertility, malpositioned embryos, deformed chicks and assisted chicks during hatching. The first 4 variables increased and the last three decreased, with each breeding season. (6) Weight loss of eggs and length of incubation were unaffected by the breeding season. Hatchability which was 64.3% in the first season increased progressively and reached 73.1% in the fifth breeding season. 相似文献
19.
The breeding performance of captive willow ptarmigan on different diets has been studied. The nutritional factors tested were protein concentration, natural feed supplement and grass meal and flavonoid admixture, and effects on egg numbers, fertility, hatchability, chick weights at hatching and 0–14 days mortality have been recorded.The breeding performance of ptarmigan hen in captivity showed great individual variations. Egg numbers were not statistically different in groups fed the different diets. Hens fed a 15 % crude protein died tended to produce smaller chicks with significantly lower viability than chicks from hens fed a 20 % crude protein diet. Supplement of natural feed tended to increase the number of chicks hatched through a combination of tendency to higher egg numbers and improved fertility. These tendencies were, however, statistically nonsignificant. Inclusion of 34 % grass meal to the diet also tended (non-significantly) to improve fertility and hatchability, while inclusion of flavonoids had no positive effect on reproduction.Eggs from captive hens showed significantly lower fertility, and a tendency to lower hatchability than eggs from wild hens. The former difference was probably caused by the close cage confinements for the captive ptarmigan, while the latter condition probably was due to different start of incubation, most of the eggs from wild hens being started naturally. 相似文献
20.
1. Hatching time, hatchability of fertile eggs and embryo mortality under standard egg storage (1 or 5 days at 12?±?1°C and 55% relative humidity) and incubation conditions (37·5?±?0·2°C and 50% relative humidity) were analysed in lines long-term selected for high (HG) and low (LG) relative weight gain between 11 and 28?d of age, respectively, and constant body weight at 49?d of age. 2. Egg storage duration did not have an effect on average hatching time. LG quail, characterised by a fast postnatal growth rate immediately after hatching, hatched earlier than HG quail with a low early growth rate (about 391 vs. 406?h after egg setting, respectively). 3. In contrast to hatching time, the hatchability of fertile eggs was influenced by line as well as egg storage duration. Extended storage decreased hatching success in both lines. However, LG eggs exhibited a higher hatchability than HG eggs (1?d storage: 96·0 vs. 82·5%; 5?d storage: 88·7 vs. 72·7%, respectively). 4. Lower hatchability resulted mostly from a higher frequency of embryo death during early (up to d 7) and late (d 14 and later) phases of incubation. 5. An inadequate nutrient supply to embryos in consequence of developmental delay seems to be a key factor decreasing viability of embryos during incubation. 相似文献