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特种经济动物微生态营养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《饲料与畜牧》2017,(5)
<正>随着人们生活水平的提高及特色多元化生活需求的转型增长,主要以毛皮动物(貂、狐、貉)、茸鹿、珍禽、蜂、蚕、宠物等为主的特种经济动物产业发展迅速,已形成较大产业规模并具有稳定市场需求,成为现代畜牧业的重要组成部分。据统计,2016年我国貂、狐、貉、茸鹿、珍禽、宠物等饲养总量21.6亿只(头),占世界特种动物饲养总量的66%左右,产业总经济价值为3,600亿元,在我国农业经济发展中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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正近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对健康等各方面的要求也随之提高,在这种趋势下,特种经济动物对人类的营养价值则不可小觑。特种经济动物主要包括毛皮动物(貂、狐、貉)、茸鹿、马鹿、珍禽(雉鸡、野鸭)蜂、蚕等,在吃穿住用上为人们提供了极大的便利。特种经济动物的饲养要求与疾病防控也显得尤为重要。我国由于地跨寒温热三个气候带,地形包括高原、平原、盆地,生态环境丰富多样,因此我国特种经济动物在不同地 相似文献
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畜牧业是利用畜禽等已经被人类驯化的动物,或者鹿、麝、狐、貂、水獭、鹌鹑等野生动物的生理机能,通过人工饲养、繁殖,使其将牧草和饲料等植物能转变为动物能,以取得肉、蛋、奶、羊毛、山羊绒、皮张、蚕丝和药材等畜产品的生产部门。畜牧业是农业的重要组成部分,与种植业并列为农业生产的两大 相似文献
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目前,商用干粉饲料在貂、狐、貉的养殖上应用越来越多,但鲜饲料适口性好等优点及受传统饲养习惯的影响,广大毛皮动物养殖户仍习惯选择杂碎鲜饲料,自行配制动物饲料,因此如何科学贮存及调制鲜饲料对特种动物养殖非常重要。 相似文献
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相对于牛、马、猪、羊、鸡等的传统饲养 ,人们将狐、貂、貉、鹿、鸽、蜂、蛇、蝎等的饲养称为特种养殖。特种养殖范围很广 ,按用途可分为皮毛动物、药用动物、珍禽和观赏动物饲养等。为了加强对特种养殖技术指导 ,搞好服务 ,笔者于 2 0 0 0年 8、9月份对泰安市特种养殖作了为时1个多月的社会调查。对全市特种养殖现状有了一个比较全面深入的了解 ,现根据基层干部和养殖场户的要求 ,提出今后工作意见。1 发展势头良好1 1 起步晚 ,发展快 70年代养兔热、80年代肉鸡热、90年代泰安市出现了特种养殖热和发展的高速度。这是由于人们生活的多… 相似文献
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自2006年以来,沈阳市狐貉貂等经济动物养殖量不断增加,主要是因为动物的经济价值极高,全身都可以产出,尤其是皮毛,具有较高的回报率,养殖户蜂拥进入此行业.但是经济动物的疫病防控远远没有跟上养殖业的发展步伐,许多养殖户因动物疫病遭受了严重的损失.据调查,近年来因为细小病毒等严重的动物疫病的影响,使狐貉貂成活率降低,养殖量下降.在此现状下,我们着手研究狐貉貂等经济动物的防治关键技术,应用实验室监测的方法筛选出科学的免疫程序,旨在推动此行业的发展. 相似文献
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貂、狐、貉属于肉食性毛皮动物,肠道比较短,代谢快,对维生素的需要几乎全部依赖于食物,而且对维生素的缺乏非常敏感。在常规饲养中,貂、狐、貉主要从新鲜的鱼、肉及其下杂、新鲜蔬菜及维生素预混料中获得维生素的营养补充。当前养殖户在貂、狐、貉饲养上应用新鲜蔬菜比较少,而由于受资源及价格等因素影响使用含维生素相对丰富的鲜饲料也逐渐减少, 相似文献
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驯养经济动物养殖及种群遗传多样性的研究方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
LIU Chang-qing 包阿东 LIU Shuai 吴宏梅 LU Tao-feng 张洪海 TANG Xue-xi 关伟军 MA Yue-hui 《中国畜牧兽医》2008,35(8):52-56
我国貉、银狐、北极狐、水貂、梅花鹿等野生动物养殖作为一项新兴的产业已成为建设新农村新的经济增长点,但是无论是野外资源的保护成效,还是人工驯养繁殖业的发展状况以及野生动物及其产品的经营利用秩序与社会需要和客观要求相比,还存在着相当大的差距。与野外环境中的种群比较,圈养种群是进行遗传学研究的最好的模型对象,对于研究野生种群近交与群体灭绝间的关系是非常合适的材料。目前国内外对于驯养经济动物与野生种群遗传多样性的研究主要集中于线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA、微卫星分子标记及主要组织相容性复合体等几个方面。作者针对目前国内外尤其是国内有关驯养经济动物养殖现状及其与野生种群形态、遗传多样性差异几个重要研究技术方面的研究进行了详细的论述和探讨,旨在通过利用我国养殖的野生小种群遗传学特性,为珍稀野生动物种群保护遗传学研究及加快国内经济动物养殖提供理论支持。 相似文献
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应用嗜肺性军团菌(Lp)共同抗原建立了微量间接血凝试验(MPHA),并以此方法对马鹿、梅花鹿、紫貂、水貂、貉、獭兔、熊、蓝狐、银狐及雉鸡等10种特种经济动物的830份血清样本进行了Lp抗体水平的检测。结果表明,紫貂和水貂血清的Lp抗体滴度1:32为阻抑试验阳性,而梅花鹿、马鹿、貉等8种特种经济动物血清的Lp抗体滴度1:64为阳性。按此标准,獭兔血清Lp抗体的阳性率为30.0％(9/30),梅花鹿15.3％(19/124),紫貂8.7％(2/23),马鹿8.45％(6/71),貉2.94％(6/204),水貂1.1％(8/273)。熊、蓝狐、银狐及雉鸡等血清样本全部呈阴性反应。 相似文献
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人工驯养野生动物是获取野生动物产品的重要手段,但是非法盗猎的野生动物产品以人工饲养的名义进入市场,就会对野生动物的保护形成挑战。因此,准确鉴别市场上的动物产品是来自养殖场还是野外,是保护野外种群,维持养殖业正常秩序的关键。本研究以北美水貂(Neovison vison)为例,基于颧骨内侧空间(ZAS)、颧宽(ZAA和ZBA)、颅基长(BSL)、下颌长(MDL)、眶后收缩(POC)和最大面部宽度(GFB)等量度,建立了9个头骨形态计量学指标:POC/GFB、POC/BSL、POC/MDL、ZAS SQRT/BSL、ZA SSQRT/MDL、ZBA×BSL/2ZAS、ZBA×MDL/2ZAS、ZBB×BSL/2ZAS和ZBB×MDL/2ZAS。野生组(n=32,9雄23雌)和饲养组(n=45,35雄10雌)的比较表明,除POC/GFB外,所有指标对于在两组样品之间均有显著差异,整体判别正确率为73.2%—85.5%。在性别已知的情况下,雄性的整体正确率为82.4%—93.8%,雌性为41.7%—85.7%。为此,应针对不同性别、不同来源的动物建立相应的参考数据,利用似然比进行鉴别。本研究的结果不仅可用于北美水貂的鉴别,也为其他小型食肉动物的鉴别提供经验。 相似文献
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W Everts 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1989,96(3):125-126
Keeping wild animals in captivity is still object of criticism, above all due to the fact that room is restricted for these animals. But wild animal husbandry is basing on several factors: It has to concern physiological requirements as well as natural behaviour patterns, so as actions and reactions of wild living animals caused by ecological occasions have to be replaced by suitable arrangements. Most of the time proper animals husbandry is valued by quantity; in that way, that the measurements of artificial homes are often supposed to be more important than the quality of this enclosures. Optimal feeding, social structure, stimula for behaviour patterns like playing, breeding an rearing in calmness and well trained keepers are other basic requirements for wild animal husbandry. Criteria for keeping wild animals should not be scheduled by restrictive arrangements; innovations would be complicated by any regulations. 相似文献
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H Bogner 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(4):167-168
During the last years, keeping of fallow deer for the purpose of meat production has become a branch of industry that requires special attention from the view of ethology and animal protection. In zoological and judicial terms, the deer habituated to paddock keeping still belong to wild animals that are held captive. This paper describes the valid demands of fallow deer to its biotic and abiotic environment and deals in particular with population density, feeding practices, antlers amputation, killing and supervision. 相似文献
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针对人兽冲突现状、补偿情况、野生动物保护态度等问题,通过入户访谈、调查问卷的方式对东北虎豹国家公园东宁片区两个乡镇5个村屯的居民进行了调查。结果显示,发生冲突率47.28%,人兽冲突形式有粮食减产、捕食家畜和人身伤害,造成损害的野生动物物种主要包括野猪、黑熊、东北虎、东北豹、马鹿和狍。造成的平均经济损失为8796.9元/年,其中农牧业损失最大,为10373.3元/年。但大部分野生动物损害未能得到补偿,仅1户得到了1000元的补偿款。人兽冲突的预防和缓解措施包括:规范当地居民的生产生活行为,禁止非法狩猎、在禁牧区放牧等活动;对东北虎及其他重点保护野生动物造成的损害采取经济补偿办法,建立东北虎损害保险制度;加强宣传,提高居民对东北虎等野生动物的保护意愿。 相似文献
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Response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in Ontario. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. Raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. Both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. Raccoons inoculated with canine parvovirus-2 showed no signs; shedding of virus was sporadic though moderate titres of antibody developed. Mink inoculated with mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia developed signs and lesions of early parvovirus infection. No signs or significant lesions followed canine parvovirus-2 inoculation. Shedding of virus was heavy (mink virus enteritis) or sporadic (feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2), though good serological responses were elicited to all three viruses. Red fox showed no signs of infection, shed all three viruses only sporadically, and the serological response was strong only to feline panleukopenia. Skunks developed low antibody titres, but no signs, and did not shed virus. Antibody to parvovirus was found in 79.2% of 144 wild red foxes; 22.3% of 112 wild raccoons; 1.3% of 157 wild skunks and 6/7 coyotes in southern Ontario. The likely significance of these viruses to wild and captive individuals and populations of these carnivores is discussed. 相似文献
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Machackova M Svastova P Lamka J Parmova I Liska V Smolik J Fischer OA Pavlik I 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,101(4):225-234
Due to the occurrence of the infection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis among domestic ruminants and the rapid development of farmed deer industry and the market of cloven-hoofed game we have carried surveys of paratuberculosis, beginning in 1997, in the most common four species of wild ruminants in the Czech Republic [Pavlik et al., Vet. Microbiol. 77 (2000) 231-251]. From 1999 the prevalence of paratuberculosis has been slightly reduced in all three types of husbandry of wild ruminants. Nevertheless paratuberculosis has been diagnosed in wild ruminants in three districts, in four game parks and in five farms. M. a. paratuberculosis was isolated from 128 (5.3%) out of 2,403 wild ruminants of four animal species: 106 red deer, 2 roe deer, 4 fallow deer and 16 mouflons. In red deer farms, the highest number of clinical paratuberculosis cases was in yearling deer. RFLP type B-C1 of M. a. paratuberculosis predominated during the second period (1999-2001) in all types of husbandry with no relationship to wild ruminant species. New "cattle" RFLP types B-C5 and B-C16 of M. a. paratuberculosis were described in infected farmed red deer and one "intermediate" RFLP type R-I4 in fallow deer from one game park. The survival of M. a. paratuberculosis was found to be 4 months during winter in the pasture after destocking of all cattle infected with paratuberculosis. We found that non-vertebrates, wild ruminants or non-ruminant wildlife can be vectors and potentially become a risk factor in the spread of M. a. paratuberculosis infection. 相似文献