共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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粳稻品系Y98149是从离子束诱变的后代中获得的显性半矮秆突变体，与野生型Y98148是一对株高近等基因系。将已经获得的3个与水稻显性半矮秆基因紧密连锁的RAPD标记分别克隆、测序，根据测序结果设计了3对特异性PCR引物，成功地将RAPD标记S1041525、S1076549和S1272403转化成更稳定的SCAR标记SCS1041498、SCS1076510和SCS1272388。通过Y98148×Y98149的F2代分离群体的分析，这3个SCAR标记与显性半矮秆基因的遗传距离分别为12.6 cM、7.5 cM和16.3 cM, 且位于基因的同一侧。序列同源性比较表明，标记S1272403为单拷贝，其核苷酸序列与水稻第7染色体上两个BAC克隆B1249D05(AP006451)和OJ1212-C12(AP005604)同源性为99%，B1249D05与OJ1212-C12有23 kb的重叠区域，标记S1272403位于这个重叠区域，据此初步将显性半矮秆基因定位，为进一步精确定位和图位克隆奠定了基础。 相似文献
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谷子矮秆突变体d93090的表型变异及其对赤霉素的敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
谷子矮秆突变体93090（暂命名为d93090）是野生型高秆谷子品系93090经 60Co-γ辐射诱变获得的,本研究对其矮化表型及其对赤霉素的敏感性进行了分析。结果表明,d93090株高约为野生型的60%左右,叶色变深、茎秆稍倾斜、茎节数不变、花期较对照推迟3~5d;幼苗期的苗长、第二叶鞘长和胚轴长均对外源GA3敏感,拔节期喷施外源GA3,d93090的株高部分恢复;d93090内源GAl含量显著低于野生型。d93090突变体是个半矮秆的突变类型,为谷子矮化育种提供了新材料,其矮秆性与GA生物合成途径相关。 相似文献
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本研究采用4BS染色体携带Rht3基因的小麦显性矮源"矮苏3"(55～60 cm),经辐射与化学诱变,获得了一系列株高在70～85 cm、具小麦育种理想株高的突变体.采用形态标记、生化标记及分子标记对上述理想株高突变体进行了基因型检测.经成熟种子萌发试验的生化标记检测表明,理想株高突变体仍具有显性矮秆基因Rht3成熟种子α-淀粉酶活性低而抗穗萌的特性.经采用位于4BS染色体上的"易组太谷核不育基因MS2 (4BS)"作为形态标记基因来定位理想株高突变体携带的半显性矮秆基因,证实了理想株高突变体携带的半显性矮秆基因与MS2(4BS)连锁、因而与Rht3基因同位于普通小麦4B染色体上.基于通常认为Rht3与隐性矮秆基因Rht1同为4BS染色体上的复等位基因,经采用Ellis等开发的"perfect marker"SSR特异引物的分子标记检测,在矮苏3及其理想株高突变体上同时扩增出了与Rht-B1b相同的237 bp的特征带.以上3种类型的基因标记检测的结果,均有利于说明矮苏3的理想株高突变体携带Rht3突变衍生的复等位基因,因其具理想株高而又抗穗萌,可望作为半显性创新矮源用于高度集约化的小麦"分子设计育种",以克服小麦育种目前局限于使用隐性矮源的局面,实现自"绿色革命"以来小麦育种矮源的升级换代. 相似文献
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水稻矮秆鞘包穗突变体茎的形态解剖学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以T-DNA标记的水稻矮秆、鞘包穗突变体A846及其野生型为材料,用解剖学方法对比研究茎的外部形态和显微结构。结果表明：突变体A846平均株高38.64cm,大于野生型株高的一半,为半矮秆类型;其矮生性在拔节期显著表现;主茎茎秆各节间收缩比例不一,穗下第一节间显著缩短,与sh-型突变体类似;茎秆各节间居间分生组织细胞分化正常,由居间分生组织分化的细胞延伸受到不同程度的阻碍;各节间基本组织细胞纵向长度相应缩短,穗下第一节间缩短比例最大,其平均值小于野生型的一半;主茎节间数目与旗叶的叶鞘长类似于野生型。 相似文献
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矮秆突变体是小麦育种和株高遗传研究的重要基因资源。通过‘云麦53’成熟种子的EMS (Ethyl methyl sulfonate)诱变及诱变植株连续自交,获得了33个M3代候选突变体。通过诱变亲本与M2和M3代候选植株的株高差异分析,筛选到26个矮秆突变体,其株高变幅为(13.61±0.11)~(44.08±1.73) cm。基于8个矮秆基因的12个特异性标记检测发现, 26个矮秆突变体至少携带2个矮秆基因标记位点。除株高外, 26个矮秆突变体还携带穗长、小穗密度、节间数和平均节间长4个不同突变性状。26个矮秆突变体可聚为5个亚类,第1亚类的小穗数和小花数最少;第2亚类的株高最矮,穗长和平均节间长最短,小穗密度最高;第3亚类突变体的节间数最少。株高与平均节间长和节间数呈极显著相关,偏相关系数分别为0.94、0.58,但与穗长、小穗数、小花数和小穗密度4个性状无相关性。26个矮秆突变体的株高与平均节间长和节间数关联遗传,携带不同的突变基因组合,可用于小麦矮化育种,以及株高、穗长和小穗密度等性状的遗传机制研究。 相似文献
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《华北农学报》2015,(6)
为了更好地利用矮秆突变体,对突变体dm676的形态特征、突变基因遗传规律、矮化机理、3个性状一般配合力(General combining ability,GCA)进行了试验研究。从正常玉米自交系M676中发现一矮秆突变体dm676,与野生型相比,其株高降低了2/3,节间数减少且节间长度明显缩短;遗传分析表明,该突变体属于隐性单基因遗传;外施生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)试验均不能使突变体dm676株高恢复到正常水平,表明该突变不属于IAA或GA3缺乏性突变;石蜡切片结果显示突变体dm676的穗位下1节间表皮细胞明显缩短,且细胞排列较为紊乱,推测突变体节间长度缩短可能由于茎部细胞长度缩短所致;dm676的小区产量性状GCA为正效应,株高、穗位高GCA为负效应,与M676的产量、株高、穗位高的GCA比较差异极显著。结果为进一步矮秆突变基因定位研究、育种应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Characterizations and molecular mapping of a novel dominant semi-dwarf gene Sdd(t) in rice (Oryza sativa) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
By nitrogen ion implanting, we obtained a semi‐dwarf mutant from a japonica rice cultivar Y98148, designated as Y98149. The genetic analysis of Y98149 indicated that the semi‐dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single dominant gene, Sdd(t). We show that Y98149 reduced plant height mainly via inhibiting the first, second and third internode elongation. Based on this dwarfing pattern, the mutant could be grouped into dn‐type dwarf defined by Takeda [Gamma Field Symp. (1977) Vol. 16, PP. 1–18] . In addition, the Sdd(t) gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA) based on the response to extraneous GA3 and the quantitative determination of endogenous GA1 and GA4. To map the Sdd(t) gene, we tested molecular markers by bulk segregant analysis. The Sdd(t) gene was localized to a 6.4 cM‐interval on the short arm of chromosome 6, flanked by two sequence‐tagged site markers S9 and S13. 相似文献
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粤西龙眼遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了保护和利用粤西野生和栽培龙眼种质资源,通过RAPD技术对粤西野生和栽培共5个龙眼品种的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明：从100个10 bp长的随机引物中筛选出14个重复性好、稳定性高的有效引物,共扩增出70条带,其中多态性带42条,占总扩增条带的60%。聚类分析结果表明：5个龙眼品种间的遗传差异性不大,但野生龙眼与其他4个龙眼品种的遗传距离相对较大,平均为0.07375,在系统树上单独聚为一支,其余4个品种聚为另一支,说明野生龙眼与栽培品种之间的亲缘关系相对较远。‘双孖木’与‘大乌圆’的遗传距离最小,仅为0.01236,在系统树上构成姊妹类群,推测二者具有共同起源或为近缘品种。 相似文献
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石斛种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用RAPD技术对10种石斛种质资源的遗传多样性及亲缘关系进行了分析。从100条10bp的RAPD引物中筛选获得17条多态性引物,对石斛属的10个种的基因组DNA进行扩增。共获得200条多态性带,平均每个引物产生11.8个多态性条带。材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0.356~0.676。根据RAPD标记的结果,采用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,将石斛属的10个种区分开来,划分为4类。结果表明：RAPD标记技术较好地从分子水平上揭示石斛种质资源的遗传背景、亲缘关系。 相似文献
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Heterogeneity of random amplified polymorphic DNA sequences in individual seedlings and bulked samples of four cultivars of Brassica napus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using four different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was made of the level of DNA sequence heterogeneity present in the seedlings of four representative Australian rapeseed cultivars. It was found that, depending upon the primer/cultivar combination, the seedlings diverged from total homogeneity to almost complete heterogeneity. The increase or decrease of sample-specific RAPD sequences was evaluated in proportional mixtures of DNA from individual seedlings. These results were then compared with those obtained from bulked DNA samples containing DNA from all the seedlings of a cultivar. From these comparisons, it was found that for a specific RAPD to be detectable in a bulked sample, the particular polymorphism had to be present in at least 15% of the individual seedlings. Even so, the bulked samples produced cultivar-specific RAPD banding patterns with all four primers, showing that any of these primers could be used to identify the different rapeseed cultivars. In contrast to the cultivars ‘Oscar’, ‘Dunkeld’ and ‘Narendra’, the cultivar ‘Rainbow’ was found to be highly heterogeneous—as shown by a diversity of RAPD combinations rather than the presence of differing length RAPDs—and it is suggested that this heterogeneity may be related to the improved tolerance of this cultivar to blackleg infection. 相似文献
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麦冬遗传多样性的RAPD分析及分子指纹图谱构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以福建莆田、泉州、福安等地及浙江崇寿、湖北襄樊、四川三台等地34个自然居群的麦冬类植物为试材,以80 条 10 碱基随机引物进行RAPD 分析,研究百合科植物麦冬及山麦冬不同自然居群间的遗传多样性。试验筛选出15条有效引物,共扩增获得 1566条DNA多态性带,通过聚类分析,构建DNA 分子系统树图,确定了其居群及种间亲缘关系。结果表明,不同自然种群间麦冬类植物遗传差异明显,具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中野生资源比栽培类型遗传多样性更大;不同自然居群间遗传差异与地理分布联系并不紧密,而与形态差异联系较密切。 相似文献
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RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the sex expression locus M in asparagus 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Bulk segregant analysis (BSA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR)
methods were used to map molecular markers to the sex locus M of asparagus. Two parents, A19 (male, Mm) and MW25 (female,
mm), and 63 progeny were used for the study. Two DNA bulks, one male and one female, were made by pooling equal amounts of
DNA from 10 randomly selected progeny of each sex type. A total of 760 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used
for RAPD analysis. Primer OPC15 produced two RAPD markers, OPC15-98 and OPC15-30, both of which were linked to the M locus
at a distance of 1.6 cM. Subsequently, amplified RAPD fragment OPC15-98 was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was then used
to design flanking 24-mer oligonucleotide SCAR primers SCC15-1 and SCC15-2. Both of these SCAR primers amplified a single
980 bp fragment; the same size as the cloned RAPD fragment. However, the SCAR marker was dominant as was the original OPC15-98
band from which it was derived. These RAPD and SCAR markers could be used for scoring male and female progeny in the mapping
population, but were not found to be applicable to other asparagus germplasm studied.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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For the discrimination of tea germplasms at the inter‐specific level, four tea species and varieties (Camellia sinensis, C. sinensis var. assamica, C. sinensis var. pubilimba, C. sinensis var. kucha) and their 20 wild allied species (C. sp.) preserved in the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories (CNGTR) were investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Fifteen primers were chosen from the 61 screened for RAPD amplification. The average DNA polymorphic frequency of RAPD primers at the inter‐specific level was 0.30, varying from 0.16 to 0.60, lower than that at the intra‐specific level. Using the presence, sometimes absence of unique RAPD markers, it was possible to discriminate 14 of the germplasms investigated. No single primer could discriminate all the 24 germplasms. However, OPO‐13 provided rich band patterns and it could discriminate 10 genotypes. The combination of two and three primers made it possible to discriminate 15 and 21 germplasms, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of band patterns or the DNA fingerprinting based on specific RAPD markers generated by OPO‐13, OPO‐18, OPG‐12 and OPA‐13 allowed the discrimination of all 24 germplasms investigated. Therefore, RAPD markers also provide a powerful tool to differentiate tea germplasms at the inter‐specific level. 相似文献